急性视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血早期误诊临床分析

目的分析急性视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血的早期误诊原因,探讨对急性视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血的早期诊断和治疗方法。方法早期给予急性玻璃体积血的患者药物治疗,一旦发现视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离,及时根据病情给予激光封闭视网膜裂孔治疗、视网膜脱离外路手术治疗、玻璃体视网膜手术治疗。结果急性玻璃体积血患者早期给予药物治疗,612天发现其中12例视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离。术后1年随访,12例患者视力均较手术前有所提高,其中3例患者在取出硅油后再次出现视网膜脱离,二次行硅油填充术,至今尚未取出硅油。结论对于Ⅱ级以上的急性玻璃体积血,尤其是老年患者,在早期给予药物治疗的同时,密切观察玻璃体积血吸收情况和视网膜情况,一旦发现视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离,应尽快给予手术治疗。     

视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血的手术治疗

目的:探讨视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血的手术方式及早期手术的意义。方法：11例行玻璃体切除伴常规的环扎加压手术。结果：术后视力提高10眼,未提高1眼,视网膜完全复位,介质清晰,裂孔封闭。术后随访1眼3月后视网膜再次脱离。结论：对于玻璃体积血,应常规行B超检查并定期随访,一旦发现视网膜脱离,应尽早手术,以期取得较好的视力预后。     

视网膜裂孔引起玻璃体积血的临床分析

目的:观察视网膜裂孔引起玻璃体积血的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析对于视网膜裂孔引起玻璃体积血,给予半卧位、双眼包扎、应用止血剂及裂孔激光光凝封闭等对症处理。结果:经双眼包扎、应用止血剂及半卧位治疗1～14d,眼底可视度增加,行激光光凝封闭视网膜裂孔后,视网膜裂孔封闭,无再出血。结论:视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血时,双眼遮盖并及时行激光光凝封闭视网膜裂孔可避免视网膜脱离是争取较好视力预后的关键。     

玻璃体切除术治疗玻璃体积血临床效果分析

目的探讨玻璃体切除术治疗玻璃体积血的临床疗效。方法采用玻璃体切除术治疗的玻璃体积血58例（58眼）。分析玻璃体积血的病因，并观察玻璃体切除术后视力变化和并发症。结果本组主要病因为视网膜静脉阻塞和视网膜静脉周围炎；视力在0．01～0．05者术前为6眼（10．35％），术后1周为35眼（60．35％），随访2～4月的50例中为33眼（66．00％）。术中并发症有医源性裂孔和眼内出血；术后并发症有玻璃体再次积血，视网膜脱离，晶状体浑浊等。结论对药物治疗不能吸收的玻璃体积血施行玻璃体切除术后视力可显著提高，术中术后并发症少。     

视网膜孔源性玻璃体出血23例临床分析

目的:探讨视网膜裂孔源性玻璃体出血的发病原因、临床特征和治疗效果。方法:收集了自发性玻璃体出血病例23眼,玻璃体出血原因均为马蹄形视网膜裂孔伴裂孔区血管撕裂所致,2眼为单纯视网膜裂孔并发玻璃体出血,21眼为孔源性视网膜脱离并发玻璃体出血;3眼行单纯激光治疗,20眼行外路视网膜脱离手术或玻璃体切除手术。结果:经激光或手术治疗后23眼均无出血复发,裂孔封闭,22眼视力好于或等于术前,1眼视网膜脱离复发为牵拉型视网膜脱离。结论:孔源性玻璃体出血是玻璃体积血的重要原因之一,尽早明确诊断、及时治疗可以取得满意疗效,避免严重并发症。     

玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离的玻璃体切割手术疗效观察

目的:探讨玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离采用玻璃体切割手术治疗的疗效及必要性。 方法:对28例28眼玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离患者采用玻璃体切割手术治疗,观察治疗前后视力改变,并分析玻璃体积血与视网膜裂孔或脱离的关系。 结果:不同原因所导致的玻璃体积血28例中,7例术前B超未发现视网膜脱离,而在术中发现3例裂孔,4例伴裂孔周围浅脱;28例患者术后视力（包括术后随访最佳视力）均有不同程度的提高,数指/眼前以上者27例(96%),≥0.05者20例(71%),≥0.3者5例(18%),手术前后视力比较,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。 结论:玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离采用玻璃体切割手术治疗,安全有效,且能尽早发现视网膜裂孔及浅脱离,阻止视网膜脱离进一步扩大。     

高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术56例

目的：评价高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术治疗效果。方法：高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患56例,行玻璃体切除。PVRC110眼,C214眼,C332眼,伴周边部裂孔7眼,白孔11眼。手术中彻底清除玻璃体后皮质,或人工玻璃体后脱离剥膜,气液交换使视网膜复位,眼内填充200mL／L C3F845眼,白孔眼内硅油填充。并发周边部裂孔病例后行巩膜外环扎裂孔冷凝。术后给予抗炎降眼压处理。气泡变小裂孔愈合不佳,裂孔周围氪黄激光封闭或再次补充气体。注气俯卧位14d以上。所有患随访3～12mo。结果：黄斑裂孔闭合、视网膜复位53例,周边裂孔闭合7例。术后视力提高46眼(82．1％),黄斑裂孔术后视力无变化10眼。结论：玻璃体切除联合眼内填充C3F8或硅油治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离是安全有效的。     

玻璃体视网膜联合手术治疗湿性老年性黄斑变性疗效的探讨

目的 分析研究手术治疗湿性老年性黄斑变性(AMD)伴玻璃体积血、出血性视网膜脱离的价值及疗效.方法 对28只眼湿性AMD伴玻璃体积血及黄斑下视网膜出血患者:其中12只眼单纯行闭合式玻璃体切除术;16只眼行玻璃体切除联合视网膜切开视网膜下积血冲洗+黄斑下脉络膜新生血管膜取出术(联合术).观察比较手术前与手术3个月后的视力和眼底情况,随访时间3～12个月.结果 手术3个月后22只眼视力不同程度提高占78.6%(22/28);14只眼视力≥0.02占50.0%(14/28);7只眼视力≥0.05占25.0%(7/28).12只眼单纯玻璃体切除术5只眼视网膜下出血吸收,7只眼出血未全吸收或出现视网下再出血.首选行单纯玻璃体切除手术眼随访中有5只眼玻璃体再出血而行联合手术.16只眼联合术视网膜下出血全部吸收.结论 玻璃体切除手术可使AMD玻璃体积血的清除获得很好效果;湿性 AMD伴玻璃体积血及出血性视网膜脱离患者术后视力恢复效果不好;玻璃体切除联合手术也不能较好提高术眼视力,但可减少玻璃体积血的再发生.     

表现为急性致密玻璃体积血的视网膜裂孔形成

目的:报告4例因视网膜裂孔形成而表现为急性、掩盖眼底观察的致密玻璃体积血的病例。方法:回顾性病例研究,复习各例的临床记录。结果:患者4例为2男2女,年龄38～69岁。患眼为右眼(也为高度近视眼)1例,左眼(近视1例,正视眼2例)3例。病程1d～3wk。首诊时视力为手动～0.04。经过玻璃体手术(3例)和单纯激光光凝(1例)处理视网膜裂孔,最后随访视力均有改善,分别为0.04,0.2,0.6与0.8。结论:对于因视网膜裂孔形成引起的急性玻璃体积血应保持警惕,早期诊断和封闭裂孔可避免视网膜脱离,获得较好的视力恢复。     

玻璃体切除术治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变玻璃体积血

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变后单纯性玻璃体积血的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析1998年8月－2000年10月我院采用玻璃体切除方法治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变单纯玻璃体积血患者40例（40眼），观察其临床疗效及术后并发症，随访期术后3－12月。结果：所有患者均顺利完成玻璃体积血切割术，术后3月视力≥0.6者10眼，视力0．1－0．6者20眼，视力数指－0．1者5眼，3眼术后发生视网膜脱离视力下降，2眼术后发生新生血管性青光眼，后行睫状体冷凝术视力丧失。结论：玻璃体切除术对于糖尿病性增生性视网膜病变所致的玻璃体积血性药物治疗长期不吸收的患者是安全有效的治疗方法，术后并发症少，手术效果好。     

玻璃体手术治疗自发性玻璃体积血

目的观察玻璃体手术治疗非糖尿病性自发玻璃体积血的疗效及其与手术时机的关系。方法45例(46眼)非糖尿病性自发玻璃体积血行标准三通道闭合式玻璃体切除并联合眼内激光光凝等手术,并对不同时机手术的患者术后视力及并发症进行分析。结果1月以内手术者术后视力均提高。1月以上手术者14眼中术后视力提高者2眼,不变8眼,下降3眼。手术并发症主要为术中出血和医源孔及术后高眼压。术中医源孔和术后视网膜脱离均为1月以上手术者。结论玻璃体手术治疗非糖尿病性自发玻璃体浓密积血者疗效佳,并发症少。考虑玻璃体积血为视网膜裂孔所致者应及时手术。     

玻璃体切割术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血的临床研究

目的:探讨孔源性视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血的发病原因、临床特征和玻璃体切割术的治疗效果。方法:回顾分析24例24眼因孔源性视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血接受玻璃体切割手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果:年龄<45岁的青年组共11例;年龄45～59岁的中年组共9例;年龄>60的老年组4例。21例为马蹄形裂孔,其中马蹄形裂孔<1PD者2例,1PD～<2PD者14例,2PD～<1象限者5例;圆形裂孔者3例,均<1PD。裂孔位于视网膜颞上方者13例,颞下方者8例,鼻上方者3例;视网膜脱离范围:颞上方者10例,鼻上者2例,全脱者1例,下方者11例。病程和术后视力:1mo组16例,视力0.2～0.4者13例,≥0.5者3例;2mo组5例,视力0.01～0.1者3例,0.2～0.4者2例;3mo组1例,视力0.01～0.1;>3mo组2例,视力手动1例,数指1例。结论:孔源性视网膜脱离伴玻璃体积血尽早明确诊断并及时行玻璃体切割手术能够取得较好疗效。     

玻璃体切除治疗复发性出血性玻璃体视网膜疾病

目的探讨玻璃体切除术对复发性出血性玻璃体视网膜疾病的临床效果。方法对43例(44眼)玻璃体积血施行三通道经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术,联合膜剥离,水下透热,眼内光凝(或经巩膜冷凝),并根据病情选用眼内长效填充材料。结果视网膜静脉阻塞18眼,外伤性玻璃体积血9眼,视网膜裂孔致玻璃体积血6眼,静脉周围炎5眼,增生性糖尿病视网膜病变3眼,蛛网膜下腔出血合并玻璃体积血(综合症)2眼,老年性黄斑变性1眼。术后随访2～24月,44眼视力均有不同程度的提高,随访视力较术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),视力0.05以上者36眼(81.82%),0.2～0.8者27眼(61.36%)。结论复发性出血性玻璃体视网膜疾病经药物治疗无效,B超显示出现玻璃体后脱离或B超显示伴有牵引性视网膜脱离者,玻璃体切除术是消除玻璃体积血并使视网膜复位的有效方法。     

视网膜分支静脉阻塞伴视网膜脱离21例手术疗效分析

目的 分析视网膜分支静脉阻塞伴视网膜脱离的手术治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析视网膜分支静脉阻塞伴视网膜脱离21例（21眼）的手术治疗效果,随访6～18个月,观察视力、眼底及视网膜复位情况.结果 视网膜分支静脉阻塞以颞侧分支尤其是颞上支静脉为主;视网膜裂孔为圆形及马蹄形,均位于牵引点附近,沿血管分布.进行玻璃体切除视网膜脱离复位手术及眼内激光光凝.随访6～18个月,所有患者视网膜均复位,19眼（90.5％）视力改善明显,3眼（9.5％）保持不变.无严重并发症发生.结论 及时进行视网膜脱离复位及激光光凝术是治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞伴视网膜脱离的有效方法.     

Incidence of retinal detachment and visual outcome in eyes presenting with posterior vitreous separation and dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To determine visual outcomes and the incidence of retinal detachment in eyes presenting with posterior vitreous separation and dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six eyes (15 right eyes and 21 left eyes) of 34 patients (18 female and 16 male) ranging in age from 42 to 94 years. Mean follow-up was 14 months. METHODS: A comparison of the best-corrected initial visual acuities versus final visual acuities after spontaneous resolution of vitreous hemorrhage or surgical intervention. The number of eyes that were found to have retinal tears or that had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment develop was documented. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution-converted visual acuities was used for comparison. Categorical data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, and population means were compared by Student's t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Final mean visual acuities, number of eyes with at least one retinal tear, location of retinal tears, number of eyes that had retinal detachment develop, and the number of eyes repaired with scleral buckling surgery and/or pars plana vitrectomy. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 36 eyes (67%) were found to have at least one retinal break (range, 0-4 breaks), with 88% of breaks located in the superior retina. Eleven eyes (31%) had more than one retinal break. Fourteen of 36 eyes (39%) had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment develop that was repaired with pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling. An additional 14 eyes (39%) underwent vitrectomy for nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage. The incidence of retinal detachment in eyes with a history of retinal detachment in the contralateral eye was 75% (P = 0.04). Seven of 14 eyes (50%) with retinal detachment had coexisting proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Most retinal breaks and detachments occurred in emmetropic or myopic eyes. For all 36 eyes the mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/1233, and the mean final visual acuity was 20/62 (P < 0.0001). Eyes that had a macula-off retinal detachment develop had worse final visual outcomes (20/264; P = 0.01), as did eyes that had proliferative vitreoretinopathy develop (20/129; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Acute, spontaneous, nontraumatic posterior vitreous separation with dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage is associated with a high incidence of retinal tears and detachment. Close follow-up with clinical examination and ultrasonography is necessary, because many of these eyes may eventually require surgical intervention. Aggressive management with early vitrectomy should be considered when there is a history of retinal detachment in the contralateral eye.     

Early vitrectomy for fundus-obscuring dense vitreous haemorrhage from presumptive retinal tears

Background Published literature on the management of patients with fundus-obscuring dense vitreous haemorrhage due to presumptive retinal tears is sparse and advocates waiting for spontaneous resolution. Surgery is indicated only when a definite retinal tear or retinal detachment is identified. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent early vitrectomy for vitreous haemorrhage associated with posterior vitreous detachment was carried out. A comparison of initial visual acuity versus final visual acuity after vitrectomy was performed. The number of eyes that were found to have retinal tears and retinal detachment were documented. Initial and final Snellen acuities were used for statistical analysis. Categorical data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test and statistical significance was considered to be p<0.05. Results Sixteen eyes were identified and all these patients presented or were referred soon after the onset of vitreous haemorrhage. Associated ocular pathology (choroidal neovascular membrane, retinal branch vein occlusion, macroaneurysm) was suspected to be the source of the haemorrhage in 4 eyes. Vitrectomy was carried out in 12 eyes soon after presentation (mean time 6.3 days, range 1–28 days). Nineteen retinal breaks were seen in these eyes and 5 eyes had more than two breaks. None of the eyes were found to have proliferative vitreo-retinopathy at the time of surgery. Two eyes needed repeat surgery for new retinal breaks. Excluding the eyes found to have an ocular pathology as the cause of vitreous haemorrhage, the mean visual acuity improved from hand movements to 6/12 (p<0.001). Conclusions Early vitrectomy for spontaneous dense fundus-obscuring vitreous haemorrhage and posterior vitreous detachment is safe. Since the number of patients in this study was small, a prospective randomised controlled study comparing early versus late vitrectomy is needed to see whether early surgery also prevents proliferative vitreoretinopathy formation.     

玻璃体积血的病因分析及手术治疗的疗效

目的：探讨玻璃体积血的病因及行玻璃体切割术治疗的临床疗效。

方法：对162例173眼玻璃体积血患者进行病因分析,采用玻璃体切割术治疗。

结果：术后诊断：173眼中增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变83眼(48.0%),视网膜分支静脉阻塞24眼(13.9%),Eales病13眼(7.5%),视网膜中央静脉阻塞10眼(5.8%),外伤性玻璃体积血9眼(5.2%),视网膜裂孔8眼(4.6%),视网膜脱离9眼(5.2%),增生性玻璃体视网膜病变7眼(4.0%),单纯玻璃体积血4眼(2.3%),视网膜大动脉瘤2眼(1.2%),息肉样脉络膜血管病变2眼(1.2%),脉络膜视网膜炎1眼(0.6%),年龄相关性黄斑病变1眼(0.6%)。不同年龄病因分布不同,术后随访3～15mo,术前与术后视力相比,41眼(23.7%)视力不变,115眼(66.5%)视力提高,17眼(9.8%)视力下降。术后视力与术前相比差异具有统计学意义( P<0.05)。

结论：增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜分支静脉阻塞、Eales 病是导致玻璃体积血的主要原因。玻璃体切割联合术手术并发症少,能在一定程度上提高患者视力,是治疗玻璃体积血安全有效的方法。     

玻璃体切除治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞引起玻璃体积血的临床效果

目的:探讨玻璃体切除手术治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞引起的玻璃体积血的临床效果。方法:回顾分析28例28眼视网膜分支静脉阻塞引起的玻璃体积血患者进行闭合式玻璃体切除,联合增殖膜剥离、眼内激光光凝及玻璃体腔长效气体、硅油或灌注液填充手术的临床疗效。结果:该28例患者术中均可见视网膜分支静脉阻塞闭锁呈白线状。视网膜静脉阻塞颞上方20例,颞下方8例。合并视盘新生血管2例,18例阻塞区可见视网膜新生血管及交通支。并发视网膜脱离7例,患者术前及术后视力比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:玻璃体切除是视网膜分支阻塞的有效手术方法,术中应谨慎去除阻塞区增殖病灶,光凝视网膜无灌注区,术后注意观察阻塞部位的视网膜复位及增殖情况。