高压氧预处理对高原人体一氧化氮及其合酶的影响

目的:探讨高压氧预治疗(HBO)对高原人体一氧化氮及其合酶的影响。方法:①海拔3700m的20名习服男青年,于HBO预处理前(对照组)、预处理5次(A组,10人)和预处理2次(B组,10人)后的第2、第8天和第2天、第5天作自身对比运动负荷实验,运动结束后测血中一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)的含量;②29名青年分为HBO组(11人)和对照组(18人),HBO组于进入高原前2天在海拔1400m接受HBO预处理,每天1次,连续2天,第3天两组同时乘车进驻海拔5200m,到达后第5天清晨采空腹静脉血;③20名青年自海拔1400m乘车抵达海拔3700m,分为HBO组(10人)和对照组(10人),HBO组连续HBO预处理3天,每天1次,第4天两组同时乘车进驻海拔5380m,到达后第5天清晨采空腹静脉血。结果:海拔3700m、5200m和5380m,HBO预处理组较对照组NO、NOS增高,差别有显著性(P<0.01或<0.05)。结论:HBO预处理可提高NO的含量,减轻缺氧组织的损伤,改善血液循环。适当延长HBO疗程,尽可能维持血清NO基态释放量,提高受到低氧抑制的NOS活性。     

高压氧预处理对高原移居者SOD和MDA的影响

目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)预处理对进驻高原人体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的影响.方法:①海拔3 700m的20名习服男青年,在HBO预处理前(对照组)、预处理5次(A组,10人)和预处理 2次(B组,10人)后的第2天、8天和第2天、5 天作自身对比运动负荷实验,运动结束后检测血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA);②29名青年分为HBO组(11人)和对照组(18人),HBO组于进入高原前2天在平原(海拔1 400m)接受HBO预处理,每天一次,连续2天,历时5天同时乘车进驻海拔5 200m,到达后第5天清晨空腹采静脉血检测SOD、MDA指标;③20名青年自海拔1 400m乘车抵达海拔3 700m,分为HBO组(10人)和对照组(10人),HBO组连续HBO预处理3天,每天一次,第4天两组历时1天同时乘车进驻海拔5 380m,进驻第5天清晨空腹采静脉血检测SOD、MDA指标.结果:海拔3 700m、5 200m 和5 380m,HBO预处理组较对照组SOD增高, MDA降低,差别显著(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论:HBO预处理可提高进驻高原者的抗氧化活力,改善高原低氧环境体内氧化与抗氧化之间的平衡紊乱,并可维持一定的时间,对于降低急性高原反应的发病率有很好的预防及治疗作用.     

高压氧预处理对高原人体一氧化氮及其合酶的影响

目的:探讨高压氧预治疗(HBO)对高原人体一氧化氮及其合酶的影响。方法:①海拔3 700m的20名习服男青年,于HBO预处理前(对照组)、预处理5次(A组,10人)和预处理2次(B组,10人)后的第2天、第8天和第2天、第5天作自身对比运动负荷实验,运动结束后测血中检测一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)的含量;②29名青年分为HBO组(11人)和对照组(18人),HBO组于进入高原前2天在海拔1 400m接受HBO预处理,每天一次,连续2天,第3天两组同时乘车进驻海拔5 200m,到达后第5天清晨采空腹静脉血;③20名青年自海拔1 400m乘车抵达海拔3 700m,分为HBO组(10人)和对照组(10人),HBO组连续HBO预处理3天,每天一次,第4天两组同时乘车进驻海拔5 380m,到达后第5天清晨采空腹静脉血。结果:海拔3 700m5、200m和5 380m,HBO预处理组较对照组NO、NOS增高,差别有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:HBO预处理可提高NO的含量,减轻缺氧组织的损伤,改善血液循环。适当延长HBO疗程,尽可能维持血清NO基态释放量,提高受到低氧抑制的NOS活性。     

西地那非对高原人体运动血乳酸及自由基代谢的影响

目的：探讨西地那非对高原人体运动血乳酸及自由基代谢的影响。方法：在海拔3700 m选择10名已习服半年的男性士兵,在海拔5380 m选择10名已习服2个月的男性士兵,均采用服药前（对照组）后（实验组）的自身对比运动负荷双盲实验。运动结束检测血中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸（BLA）、尿素氮（BUN）、一氧化氮（NO）及其合酶（NOS）的含量。结果：海拔3700 m和5380 m负荷运动,实验组较对照组SOD、NO和NOS增高（P〈0.01）;MDA、BLA、BUN降低（P〈0.01或0.05）。结论：西地那非可提高高原人体作业效率,具有增强机体抗疲劳和抗氧化的能力。     

高压氧预处理对高原人体血气和血乳酸的影响

目的：探讨高压氧（HBO）预处理对高原人体血气和血乳酸的影响。方法：对海拔3700m的10名已习服男青年,于HBO预处理前（A组）、预处理后（B组）3h分别检测血气和血乳酸（BLA）。结果：B组较A组PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2增高,AaDO2、BLA降低,有非常显著性差别（P〈0．01）,pH无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：HBO预处理可改善高原缺氧人体气体交换,增强氧合功能,加速体内堆集乳酸的清除。     

急进海拔5200m高原15名健康成人血乳酸浓度分析

急进海拔5200m低氧环境下人体血乳酸的变化情况,国内尚少报道.作者于1991年6月至9月对15名健康战士由海拔1400m急进海拔5200m处进行血乳酸自身对比调查,结果如下.对象和方法1.本文调查对象年龄18～22岁,其中首次进入高原10人,再次进入高原、但在平原生活一年以上者5人.经体格检查,符合上高原条件.2.对上述战士由海拔1400m乘车经海拔3900m～3800m～5000m高度连续4天进驻海拔5200m守防点,在海拔5200m处停留第7天、15天、60天分别做血乳酸检测.3.所有受试者在试验期间,体力活动较少,在试验采血前坐位休息15分钟,采耳垂血按杨天乐的方法测定血乳酸浓度.结果海拔5200m不同停留时间的15名健康人血乳酸浓度的分析结果如附表.     

沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂预防急性高原病的作用研究

目的观察沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂（SM／FP）预防急性高原病（AMS）的效果。方法34名男性官兵随机分为SM／FP组（n=18）和对照组（n=16）,均自海拔1400m历时5d进入海拔5200m高原。从进驻5200m当天开始,SM／FP组每天早晚吸入SM／FP（沙美特罗100μg,丙酸氟替卡松200μg）,对照组喷人生理盐水,连续5d。按国军标GJB1098-91《急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则》标准,观察第1、3、5d急性高原反应的严重程度、SaO2和心率;进驻海拔5200m第5d采血,检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、血乳酸（BLA）、一氧化氮（NO）及其合酶（NOS）。结果进入海拔5200m第1、3、5d时,SM／FP组急性高原反应分值较对照组降低（P〈0．01）,SaO：增高（P〈0．05）,HR无显著差异（P〉0．05）;SM／FP组较对照组SOD、NO、NOS增高,MDA、BLA降低（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论吸入SM／FP可改善高原低氧血症,降低急性高原反应的发病率,增强机体抗氧化酶活性和乳酸清除能力。     

吸入沙美特罗替卡松对急进高原人体自由基代谢的影响

目的：观察沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂（SM/FP）对急进高原病自由基代谢的影响。方法：34名青年随机分为SM/FP组（n=18）和对照组（n=16）,自海拔1400m历时5d进入5200m,进驻5200m当天开始,SM/FP组每天早晚吸入SM/FP（沙美特罗100μg,丙酸氟替卡松200μg）,对照组吸入少量生理盐水,连续5d,采血检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸（BLA）、一氧化氮（NO）及其合酶（NOS）。结果：SM/FP组较对照组SOD、NO、NOS增高,MDA、BLA降低,有非常显著性差异（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论：吸入SM/FP可改善高原低氧血症,增强机体抗氧化酶活性和乳酸清除能力。     

银杏叶片对高原人体运动血乳酸及血氨的影响

目的：探讨银杏叶片、酪氨酸冲剂和红景天对高原人体力竭运动血乳酸（BLA）及血氨（Ammo）的影响。方法：对进驻海拔3700m高原半年的30名健康青年随机分为银杏叶片组、红景天组和酪氨酸组,每组10人。在服药前、服药第15天分别采用功率自行车进行渐增负荷运动至力竭,测定血清中BLA、Ammo含量。结果：3组青年运动后较安静时BLA、Ammo均增高,有非常显著性差别（P〈0．01）。服药后较服药前BLA、Ammo降低,有非常显著性差别（P〈0．01）。结论：银杏叶片、酪氨酸冲剂和红景天均能增强高原机律能量代谢,提高机林的有氧运动能力,加速运动性疲劳的恢复。     

西地那非对高原人体耐缺氧抗疲劳有关生化指标的变化观察

目的 探讨西地那非对高原人体耐缺氧抗疲劳有关生化指标的影响. 方法 在海拔3700 m选择10名已习服半年的男性士兵,在海拔5380 m选择10名已习服2个月的男性士兵,均采用服药前(对照组)和服药后(试验组)的自身对比运动负荷试验.运动结束检测血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸(BLA)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量. 结果 海拔3700 m和5380 m负荷运动,试验组较对照组SOD增高,差异有非常显著性意义(t=5.07、6.05,P＜0.01);MDA、BLA和BUN降低,差异有显著性意义(t=2.23～9.20,P＜0.01或0.05). 结论 西地那非可增强高原运动机体抗氧化的能力,加速乳酸清除,具有抗疲劳耐缺氧的作用.     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.