对氧磷脂酶1、载脂蛋白E基因多态性与2型糖尿病患者氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平相关

采用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)检测福建地区192例2型糖尿病组、116例单纯动脉粥样硬化(AS)患者和105名正常人对氧磷脂酶1(PON1)、载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性,血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)水平采用酶联免疫吸附法检测.结果 显示,2型糖尿组Ox-LDL高于单纯AS组及正常对照组[(754.2±279.9对526.1±186.2和421.1±163.2)μg/L,P<0.01].在2型糖尿患者中,PON1基因QQ型Ox-LDL水平高于QR和RR型[(846.6±147.5对763.4±126.7和713.2±132.4)μg/L,P<0.01];ApoE基因ε3/4+ε4/4型Ox-LDL水平高于ε3/3和ε2/2+ε2/3型[(824.3±173.5对741.6±182.5和718.3±167.5)μg/L,P<0.05],而在单纯AS患者中未发现这种差别.多元同归分析显示,病程、PON1、ApoE是2型糖尿患者血浆Ox-LDL增高的危险因素.     

对氧磷脂酶基因多态性与2型糖尿病大血管病变

对氧磷脂酶（PON）基因家族，至少包括PON1，PON2，PON33种基因。研究发现，PON1基因在3个位点出现多态性，分别是Q／R、M／L、C／T等位基因；PON2基因在两个位点出现多态性，为A／G等C／S等位基因。其中PON1的R等位基因和L等位基因均是2型糖尿病大血管病变的独立危险因素，而PON1和T等位基因与2型糖尿病大血管病变具有相关性，PON2的C等位基因则对2型糖尿病大血病变具有保护作用。     

对氧磷脂酶-1和氧化低密度脂蛋白在2型糖尿病肾病中的作用

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（DM0对氧磷脂酶－1（PON－1）和氧化低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL)与内皮细胞和血小板功能的关系,以及对糖尿病肾病（DN）发生、发展的影响。方法 用酚乙酸酯为底物的速率法测定91例2型DM患者血清PON－1,用ELISA法测定ox-LDL,同时测定血清一氧化氮（NO）、血管性假血友病因子（VWF）及血浆颗粒膜蛋白（GMP140）,并与正常人作对照,以24h尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）将DM患者分成三组。结果 血清PON－1活性在2型DM三组中与对照组比较显著降低（P＜0．01）,血浆ox-LDL浓度则显著升高（P＜0．01）,二者在DM三组之间的差别有显著性（P＜0．05）。PON－1与尿白蛋白呈显著性负相关（P＜0．01）,ox-LDL则与之呈显著性正相关（P＜0．01）,二者之间呈负相关（P＜0．01）。PON－1与血NO呈正相关,与GMP 140呈显著负相关;ox-LDL与血NO呈负相关,与VWF、GMP140呈正相关,经Logistic回归分析,提示ox-LDL是DN的危险因子。结论 DM的高血糖和脂代谢紊乱造成的PON－1酶活性下降以及脂质过氧化物的堆积,使内皮细胞的完整性及功能受损,同时血小板的活化程度明显增强。它们的共同作用与DN的发生、发展密切相关。     

对氧磷脂酶基因多态性与2型糖尿病大血管病变

对氧磷脂酶 (PON)基因家族 ,至少包括PON1 、PON2 、PON33种基因。研究发现 ,PON1 基因在 3个位点出现多态性 ,分别是Q R、M L、C T等位基因 ;PON2 基因在两个位点出现多态性 ,为A G和C S等位基因。其中PON1 的R等位基因和L等位基因均是 2型糖尿病大血管病变的独立危险因素 ,而PON1 的T等位基因与 2型糖尿病大血管病变具有相关性 ,PON2 的C等位基因则对 2型糖尿病大血管病变具有保护作用     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者对氧磷酶1基因多态性分析

目的探讨对氧磷酶1(PON1)基因多态性与2型糖尿病合并冠心病的相关性。方法使用变性高效液相色谱分析方法检测了202例2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者、177例单纯2型糖尿病患者和206名健康对照者;共检测了PON1基因G-126C、L55M和Q192R 3个多态性的基因型,比较分析3组间各基因型和等位基因频率分布的差异。结果 2型糖尿病合并冠心病组的Q192R位点R等位基因频率明显高于对照组(67.1%比60.2%,P=0.024),其他位点在各组间差异无统计学意义。结论PON1基因Q192R位点R等位基因与2型糖尿病合并冠心病发病相关。     

2型糖尿病相关基因多态性

2型糖尿病是一种多基因遗传性疾病，其遗传表型具有很大的异质性，研究2型糖尿病的基因多态性一直是人类基因研究的主要任务。近年来对过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体（PPAR）、PPAR-γ共刺激物-1（PGC-1）、胰岛素受体底物等的基因多态性进行了更为全面的研究。同时，2型糖尿病是许多具有不同功能的突变基因共同作用的结果，每个突变基因仅产生轻微的表现，基因不能从根本上决定2型糖尿病的发生，而是提供了环境因素发挥作用的基础。     

对氧磷脂酶与动脉粥样硬化

近年来的研究发现,对氧磷脂酶-l的活性和浓度与动脉粥样硬化的发生呈负相关,对氧磷脂酶基因多态性也可能与动脉粥样硬化有关。对氧磷脂酶-1通过水解脂质过氧化物和同型半胱氨酸巯基内酯,抑制动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。     

对氧磷酯酶基因多态性与2型糖尿病的血管并发症

对氧磷酯酶（ＰＯＮ）由３５５个氨基酸组成,它以高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）作为载体,与ＨＤＬ中的载脂蛋白（ａｐｏ）Ａ－Ｉ结合,能保护ＬＤＬ免受氧化修饰,降低体内ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平,并且能破坏ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ中的溶血磷脂,因此具有心血管保护作用。人类ＰＯＮ基因位于７ｑ２１－２２,其ｃＤＮＡ全长１３４６ｂｐ,至少含有６个外显子和５个内含子,ＰＯＮ基因在两个单一位点出现多态性,一个位点出现Ａ／Ｂ等位基因,另一个位点出现Ｍ／Ｌ等位基因多态性。目前研究发现,Ｌ等位基因和Ｂ等位基因均是２型糖尿病并发大血管病变的独立的高度危险的相关因素。     

对氧磷酯酶1与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的　探讨血清对氧磷酯酶 1(PON1)活性与 2型糖尿病 (DM)并发肾病 (DN)的关系。方法　血清PON1活性用酚乙酸酯为底物测定 ,血浆氧化型低密度脂蛋白 (ox LDL)用ELISA法测定 ,尿 2 4小时微量白蛋白用放免法测定。结果　 91例 2型DM患者的PON1活性比 5 4例正常对照显著降低〔(138.2± 31.4 )kU/Lvs (184 .1± 2 9.5 )kU/L ,P <0 .0 0 1〕 ,且 2型DM的Ⅰ组 (UAER <30mg/ 2 4h)、Ⅱ组 (UAER 30～ 30 0mg/ 2 4h)和Ⅲ组 (UAER >30 0mg/ 2 4h)相比 ,PON1活性依次显著下降〔(15 1.8± 2 4 .5 )kU/L ,(12 4 .5± 32 .8)kU/L ,(10 1.1± 36 .6 )kU/L ,P <0 .0 1〕 ,而ox LDL的浓度却依次显著升高〔(6 16 .2± 135 .7) μg/L ,(75 3.9± 132 .5 ) μg/L ,(875 .1± 15 3.2 ) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1〕。PON1活性与ox LDL的浓度呈高度负相关 (r =- 0 .83,P <0 .0 0 1) ,也与UAER呈负相关 (r =- 0 .2 8,P<0 .0 5 ) ,多元回归分析表明PON1活性是 2型DM并发DN的高度危险因素 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　PON1活性在 2型DM显著下降 ,且在并发DN的 2型DM患者下降更显著。PON1活性与ox LDL呈负相关。PON1活性降低是 2型DM并发DN的高度危险因素     

冠心病及2型糖尿病合并冠心病与对氧磷酯酶192Gln/Arg基因多态性的相关性研究

为探讨冠心病(CHD)及2型塘尿病(DM)合并CHD与对氧磷酯酶(PON1)192G1n／Arg基因多态性的关系，采用多聚酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性(PCR—RFLP)法检测了104例查体健康者(对照组)和76例CHD、96例2型DM合并CHD患者的PONl—192位点的多态基因型；同时测量其体重指数(BMI)，检测总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)、载脂蛋白A I(ApoA I)、载脂蛋白B(Apo B)。结果显示，PONl—192位点QQ、QR、RR基因型及Q、R等位基因频率在2型DM合并CHD组与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0．05、＜0．01)；但CHD组与对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0．05)。中国人与白种人PON1-192位点基因型及等位基因频率比较有显著性差异(P＜0．01)。含R等位基因的基因型QR、RR是2型DM合并CHD的独立危险因素。提示PONl—192G1n／Arg基因多态性与2型DM合并CHD有相关性，与CHD无相关性。     

ACE、PAI-1基因多态性与2型糖尿病血浆PAI-1水平相关

20 4例 2型糖尿病患者纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 1(PAI 1)值明显高于 60名正常人 (P <0 .0 5 )。血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶 (ACE)基因DD型PAI 1水平明显高于其它两型 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,PAI 1基因 4G/ 4G型PAI 1水平较高 (P <0 .0 5 )。Logistic回归表明 ,ACE基因、PAI 1基因、体重指数、胰岛素敏感指数是血浆PAI 1的危险因素。这些发现提示 ,ACE基因、PAI 1基因多态性可能影响 2型糖尿病患者PAI 1水平。     

Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene polymorphisms and metabolic markers in type 2 diabetic patients

正Objective To investigate the distribution of polymorphisms of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene (GLP-1R) rs10305420 and rs3765467 in Chinese Han type 2diabetic patients,and the effects on body weight,blood glucose and serum lipid levels.Methods Two SNPs of GLP-1R rs3765467 and rs10305420 were genotyped by Sanger dideoxy termination sequencing method.The ra-     

肾功能正常的2型糖尿病患者血肌酐与乳酸水平相关

目的 探讨肾功能正常的2型糖尿病患者的血肌酐与血乳酸水平的关系以及应用二甲双胍后对血乳酸的影响.方法 选择肾功能正常的住院2型糖尿病患者723例,其中应用二甲双胍者(用药组)275例,未用双胍类者(对照组)448例.用酶电极法测定血乳酸水平,同时榆测空腹血糖、胰岛素、HbA1C尿素氮、肌酐和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)等水平.结果 (1)用药组的平均血乳酸水平高于对照组[(1.33±0.57 vs 1.17±0.47)mmol/L,P<0.01];高乳酸血症的发生率显著高于对照组(9.45% vs 4.91%,P<0.01),但均末达到酸中毒的水平.(2)相关性分析结果显示,血乳酸水平与血肌酐、尿素氮、ALT、体重指数(BMI)呈明显正相关.在校正ALT和BMI后,肌酐仍与血乳酸呈正相关(r=0.345,P<0.01).(3)按肌酐水平进行分层后,血乳酸水平随着血肌酐水平升高而增加,肌酐>90 μmol/L后显著增高;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析表明预测血乳酸水平增高的肌酐截点是95.35 μmol/L.结论 肾功能正常的2型糖尿病患者应用二甲双胍虽具有较好的安全性,但仍有极少数患者可出现乳酸水平的轻度升高.血肌酐>95.35μmol/L者发生高乳酸血症的风险增加.     

Association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and concentration with essential hypertension

Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is carried by high-density lipoprotein in blood circulation and is shown to be effective in preventing oxidized phospholipids carried by low-density lipoprotein particles, thus it acts as an antioxidant. Polymorphism in this gene has been investigated for many metabolic diseases, but it is not thought to be a genetic risk factor for essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was an association between PON1 gene polymorphisms and concentration with essential hypertension. The study population was comprised of 100 patients with essential hypertension and 100 healthy controls. One promoter region [C(-108)T] and two coding region (Q192R and L55M) polymorphisms in the PON1 gene were genotyped in individuals by using the TaqMan assay. Plasma PON1 concentration in all volunteers was also measured spectrophotometrically by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The genotype and allele frequencies of the PON1 C(-108)T polymorphism showed significant differences between the essential hypertensive and control groups (CT vs. CC: p<0.001; T allele vs. C allele: p<0.001). There was no significant difference for the PON1 L55M polymorphism between the groups, while the heterozygote genotype of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism showed significant difference (p = 0.03). The PON1 concentration was also found to be significantly lower in hypertensive patients (p < 0.001). Decline in the level of PON1 gene may be one of the main factors in the development of essential hypertension, and the PON1 C(-108)T polymorphism may have a prognostic value in the patients with essential hypertension.     

2型糖尿病患者血浆内皮素-1与大血管病变的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血浆内皮素-1 (endothelin-1,ET-1)的变化及其在大血管病变发生、发展中的作用. 方法 采用放射免疫分析方法测定60例2型糖尿病患者(其中有大血管病变者43例,无大血管病变者17例)和31例对照者的血浆ET-1的浓度. 结果 (1)2型糖尿病组的血浆ET-1浓度高于对照组,且有大血管病变组高于无大血管病变组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)血浆ET-1浓度与性别、年龄、体质量指数、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)无相关性,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TG)相关. 结论 (1)2型糖尿病患者ET-1参与大血管病变的发生,可作为早期诊断和病情监测的指标.(2)HDL-C、HbA1c、TG水平和ET-1有协同作用,与2型糖尿病患者大血管病变发展密切相关.因此,应强调控制血糖、降低血TG和升高HDL-C,以延缓2型糖尿病大血管病变的发生.     

Association between PON 1 polymorphisms, PON activity and diabetes complications

The paraoxonase (PON) gene cluster maps to human chromosome 7q21-22. In the PON 1 gene, several polymorphisms in the promoter and coding regions have been identified and are known to influence gene expression levels. Promoter polymorphisms have been shown to have the strongest influence on paraoxonase activity levels. Paraoxonase, a high-density lipoprotein associated enzyme, protects lipoproteins from oxidation. Lipid oxidation may play an important role in the development of micro- and macrovascular disease. There is evidence that paraoxonase activity is reduced in patients with diabetes. We therefore hypothesise that PON 1genotypes influence paraoxonase activity levels and increase the risk of microvascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Genotyping of 156 Caucasian adolescents with diabetes for seven PON 1 polymorphisms was performed, including that of a novel PON 1 promoter polymorphism A(-1074)G. PON genotypes were related to paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and diabetes complication status. There was strong linkage disequilibrium between the PON 1 promoter polymorphisms. Both promoter and coding region polymorphisms strongly influenced activity levels and were associated with diabetes complications. PON 1 genotypes Leu/Leu 54, AA(-162) and GG(-1074) were associated with higher urinary albumin loss, while the genotype GG(-907) was protective for retinopathy.     

ACE基因、AT1R基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的研究血管紧张素I转化酶(ACE)基因/D多态及血管紧张素受体1型(AT1R)A1166C多态性与中国汉族人2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系。方法运用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和PCR/DdeI酶切技术,检测93例DN患者(DN组)与94例2型糖尿病患者(DM组)ACE基因及AT1R基因多态基因型。结果DN组ACE基因DD基因型频率(34.4%)、D型等位基因频率(54.3%)较DM组(19.1%,40.4%)均升高(P<0.05,<0.01);两组间AT1R基因A1166C多态基因型频率和等位基因频率分布均无差异(P>0.05);ACE和AT1R基因多态与DN的分层分析显示,同时携带ACE纯合子缺失基因型(DD)和AT1R突变基因型(AC+CC)者发生DN的危险较大,OR值为8.569。结论ACE基因/D多态性与2型DM并发DN有关,携带DD基因型和D型等位基因的2型DM患者是DN的易感人群。ATlR基因A1166C多态性虽与我国汉族人2型DM并发DN无关,但AT1R与ACE基因多态存在协同效应,携带AC+CC与DD基因型的个体有更高的患DN风险。     

Association of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase gene polymorphism with IMT of carotid arteries in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of this study was to investigate association of a missense mutation in plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (G994T) with intima media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries. One hundred and forty Japanese type 2 diabetic patients aged from 40 to 79 years without severe nephropathy were enrolled in this study. The genotype of the patients was determined by allele specific PCR. IMT of the carotid arteries of the subjects was recorded by B-mode ultrasound imaging. The patients were divided into two groups by genotyping, one carrying two wild alleles (wild group), and another carrying one or two mutant alleles (mutant group). Each group was further divided into two subgroups according to age; one subgroup consisted of 40s or 50s, and another consisted of 60s or 70s. The prevalence of the G994T mutation in the subjects was 28.6% (24.3% heterozygote, and 4.3% homozygote). IMT of the elderly patients of the mutant group was significantly greater (0.98 +/- 0.22 mm, n = 26) than of the elderly patients of the wild group (0.87 +/- 0.20 mm, n = 50, P = 0.0292). There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the two subgroups. The results of this study indicate that the missense mutation in plasma PAF acetylhydrolase is associated with development of atherosclerosis in the elderly.