Quantitative measurements of perfusion and permeability of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer, recurrent disease, and associated lymph nodes using first-pass contrast-enhanced computed tomography studies

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the routine clinical use of perfusion computed tomography in the detection and differentiation of primary and recurrent oropharynx and oral cavity tumors as well as of nodal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 77 patients with primary cancer as well as suspected recurrent disease and lymph nodes were evaluated. A dynamic acquisition (4 x 6-mm slices) of the largest axial tumor surface was performed and the tumor blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and mean transit time (MTT) were calculated by using a modified deconvolution-based analysis taking into account the extravasation of the contrast agent for permeability surface area product imaging (PS). Tumor volume was calculated and region of interest analysis was performed on the pathologic and normal tissue. RESULTS: The mean BF, BV, and PS values in the primary tumors (77.48 mL/min/100 g tissue; 5.29 mL/min; 13.33 mL/min/100 g tissue, respectively) were highly significantly different (P < 0.01) than those obtained in the normal structures. Mean MTT values (9.01 seconds) also were significantly lowered in the tumors compared with normal tissue (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the perfusion values between the primary and the recurrent tumors. Recurrent disease could be differentiated on the basis of BF (P < 0.05) from tissue changes after chemo-radiation-treatment (mean BF: 69.71 versus 45.31 mL/min/100 g tissue, respectively). Differentiation of the lymph nodes was not possible by means of perfusion values. Tumor volume did not significantly correlate with any perfusion parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion CT of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer in clinical routine is feasible and helps outlining the malignant tissue as well as differentiating recurrent disease from nonspecific post-therapeutic changes.     

CT 灌注成像对胃癌评估的临床应用

目的：探讨 CT 灌注成像参数值与不同分化程度胃癌的相关性。方法应用64层螺旋 CT 对经手术病理证实的50例胃癌患者术前行灌注成像检查,获得灌注参数值,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和毛细血管表面通透性(PS);根据肿瘤细胞不同分化程度分成高、中、低分化3组,然后应用 SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果高分化胃癌组10例(20%),灌注参数：BF 值(mL·min-1·100 g-1)75.28±6.81,BV 值(mL/100 g)9.01±0.94,MTT 值(s)9.89±1.65,PS 值(mL·min-1·100 g-1)10.05±0.71;中分化胃癌组24例(48%),灌注参数：BF 值110.01±31.90,BV 值18.18±5.62,MTT 值9.81±3.69,PS 值40.08±15.82;低分化胃癌组16例(32%),灌注参数：BF 值138.59±38.09,BV 值21.08±4.11,MTT 值9.47±1.80,PS 值57.50±13.28。3组比较,BF、BV、PS 值在高分化与中分化组以及高分化与低分化组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),MTT 值在胃癌不同分化3组间差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论CT 灌注参数 BF、BV、PS 值可以作为胃癌恶性程度的评估指标。     

Advanced gastric cancer and perfusion imaging using a multidetector row computed tomography: correlation with prognostic determinants.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the perfusion CT features and the clinicopathologically determined prognostic factors in advanced gastric cancer cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A perfusion CT was performed on 31 patients with gastric cancer one week before surgery using a 16-channel multi-detector CT (MDCT) instrument. The data were analyzed with commercially available software to calculate tumor blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface (PS). The microvessel density (MVD), was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of the surgical specimens with anti-CD34. All of the findings were analyzed prospectively and correlated with the clinicopathological findings, which included histological grading, presence of lymph node metastasis, serosal involvement, distant metastasis, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging, and MVD. The statistical analyses used included the Student's t-test and the Spearman rank correlation were performed in SPSS 11.5. RESULTS: The mean perfusion values and MVD for tumors were as follows: BF (48.14+/-16.46 ml/100 g/min), BV (6.70+/-2.95 ml/100 g), MTT (11.75+/-4.02 s), PS (14.17+/-5.23 ml/100 g/min) and MVD (41.7+/-11.53). Moreover, a significant difference in the PS values was found between patients with or without lymphatic involvement (p = 0.038), as well as with different histological grades (p = 0.04) and TNM stagings (p = 0.026). However, BF, BV, MTT, and MVD of gastric cancer revealed no significant relationship with the clinicopathological findings described above (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The perfusion CT values of the permeable surface could serve as a useful prognostic indicator in patients with advanced gastric cancer.     

Differentiation of benign and malignant parotid tumors using deconvolution-based perfusion CT imaging: feasibility of the method and initial results

AIM: We evaluated the feasibility of perfusion CT (CTP) of the parotid gland and attempted to differentiate benign from malignant tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CTP was performed in 17 patients with benign tumors and 10 patients with malignant parotid tumors. Data were postprocessed by using deconvolution-based perfusion analysis. Postprocessing-generated maps showed blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and capillary permeability surface product (PS). Regions of interest were placed through the tumor site and the contralateral healthy parotid tissue. Ratios of the perfusion values between the tumors and the contralateral healthy structures were also calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined to compare the agreement between the two readers. RESULTS: Perfusion maps of all tumors were successfully obtained. High Pearson correlation coefficients comparing the two readers' visually measured abnormalities were observed (r=0.79-0.86, P=0.001) for all perfusion maps, The MTT and PS values between malignant and benign tumors were not significantly different. The BF and BV values were statistically significant different between the benign and malignant tumors (0.00相似文献   

Perfusion characterization of liver metastases from endocrine tumors: Computed tomography perfusion

AIM: To assess prospectively parameters of computed tomography perfusion (CT p) for evaluation of vascularity of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors.METHODS: This study was approved by the hospital’s institutional review board. All 18 patients provided informed consent. There were 30 liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the appearance of the liver metastases at the arterial phase of morphological CT (hyperdense, hypodense and necrotic). Sequential acquisition of the liver was performed before and for 2 min after intravenous injection of 0.5 mg/kg contrast medium, at 4 mL/s. Data were analyzed using deconvolution analysis to calculate blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), hepatic arterial perfusion index (HAPI) and a bi-compartmental analysis was performed to obtain vascular permeability-surface area product (PS). Post-treatment analysis was performed by a radiologist and regions of interest were plotted on the metastases, normal liver, aorta and portal vein.RESULTS: At the arterial phase of the morphological CT scan, the aspects of liver metastases were hyperdense (n = 21), hypodense (n = 7), and necrotic (n = 2). In cases of necrotic metastases, none of the CT p parameters were changed. Compared to normal liver, a significant difference in all CT p parameters was found in cases of hyperdense metastases, and only for HAPI and MTT in cases of hypodense metastases. No significant difference was found for MTT and HAPI between hypo- and hyperdense metastases. A significant decrease of PS, BV and BF was demonstrated in cases of patients with hypodense lesions PS (23 ± 11.6 mL/100 g per minute) compared to patients with hyperdense lesions; PS (13.5 ± 10.4 mL/100 g per minute), BF (93.7 ± 75.4 vs 196.0 ± 115.6 mL/100 g per minute) and BV (9.7 ± 5.9 vs 24.5 ± 10.9 mL/100 g).CONCLUSION: CT p provides additional information compared to the morphological appearance of liver metastases.     

CT perfusion for the monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in rectal carcinoma: initial experience

PURPOSE: To prospectively monitor changes in rectal cancer perfusion after combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy with perfusion computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate whether perfusion CT findings correlate with response to therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the European Institute of Oncology; written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the study. Twenty-five patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (18 men, seven women; age range, 42-72 years; mean age, 61.3 years) underwent perfusion CT; all of them underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, followed by surgery. In 19 patients, perfusion CT was repeated after chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Dynamic perfusion CT was performed for 50 seconds after intravenous injection of contrast medium (40 mL, 370 mg iodine per milliliter, 4 mL/sec). Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time, and permeability-surface area product (PS) were computed in the tumor and in normal rectal wall by two independent blinded radiologists. Microvessel density was evaluated in pretreatment biopsy specimens in nine patients and in surgical specimens in seven patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank and rank sum tests were used for paired and independent comparisons, respectively. RESULTS: BF, BV, and PS were significantly higher in rectal cancer than in normal rectal wall (P < .001). BF, BV, and PS significantly decreased after combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy (P < .009). No correlation was found between perfusion parameters and microvessel density, neither in baseline values nor in posttherapy changes. Baseline BF and BV in the seven patients who failed to respond to treatment were significantly lower than in the 17 responders (P = .02 for BF and < .001 for BV). CONCLUSION: Perfusion CT has potential for monitoring the effects of combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy and predicting the response of rectal cancer to such therapy.     

多排螺旋CT正常胰腺和胰腺癌灌注研究

目的:探讨正常胰腺和胰腺癌多排螺旋灌注成像特征。方法:30例无胰腺疾病的患者和16例经病理证实的胰腺癌患者,采用16层螺旋CT进行灌注扫描,分别测量30例正常胰腺组织和16例胰腺癌肿瘤组织的局部组织血流量(bloodflow,BF)、血容量(blood volume,BV)、毛细血管表面通透性(permeability surface area product,PS)和造影剂平均通过时间(meantransit time,MTT)平均值,并进行分析。结果:正常胰腺CT灌注成像特征表现为局部组织血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)和造影剂平均通过时间(MTT)均匀一致的实质性器官;胰腺癌的BF、BV和PS均明显比正常胰腺的测量值降低。结论:CT灌注成像技术对胰腺癌诊断具有重要的提示意义。     

Correlation between initial and early follow-up CT perfusion parameters with endoscopic tumor response in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx treated with organ-preservation therapy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current organ-preservation regimens for upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) require endoscopic procedures under general anesthesia to evaluate the tumor response. The purpose of our study was to determine whether CT perfusion (CTP) parameters correlate with response to induction chemotherapy as assessed by endoscopy under general anesthesia. METHODS: Nine patients with advanced (stage 3 or 4) SCCA of the oropharynx were enrolled in a nested phase 2 prospective trial in which induction chemotherapy was used to assess the tumor response. Patients underwent direct laryngoscopy and CTP before and 3 weeks after one cycle of induction chemotherapy. The outcome variables were the surgeon's estimate of tumor volume during endoscopy with biopsy under anesthesia and CTP parameters (capillary permeability (CP), blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), and mean transit time (MTT)). Wilcoxon rank sum analysis was used to correlate the baseline values of BF and BV with response to induction chemotherapy. Comparison of agreement between the reduction in tumor volume and change in CTP parameters was performed by using kappa estimates. RESULTS: Seven of 9 patients demonstrated > or =50% tumor volume reduction, representing positive response to induction chemotherapy. In the responder group, the following changes in mean pre- and postinduction chemotherapy values were noted: mean BF, 114.2 mL/100 g /min (preinduction) to 45.1 mL/100 g/min (postinduction); mean BV, 5.11 mL/100 g to 3.1 mL/100 g; mean CP, 25.6 mL/100 g /min (preinduction) to 18.3 mL/100 g / min (postinduction); mean MTT, 4.9 seconds (preinduction) to 8.0 seconds (postinduction). In the nonresponder group, the following changes were noted: mean BF, 56.9 mL/100 g/min to 75.9 mL/100 g/min; mean, BV 2.7 mL/100 g to 4.71 mL/100 g; mean CP, 24.1 mL/100 g/min to 23.7 mL/100 g/min; mean MTT, 4.3 seconds to 5.34 seconds. Higher baseline (pretherapy) values of BV showed significant correlation with endoscopic tumor response (P < .05). Reduction in the BV (by >/=20%) on follow-up studies also showed substantial agreement with clinical response as assessed with endoscopy (kappa = 0.73). The agreement between decreased BF, decreased CP, and increased MTT and clinical response was fair (kappa = 0.37). CONCLUSION: These preliminary results show that deconvolution-based CTP technique offers potential for noninvasive monitoring of response to induction chemotherapy in patients with oropharyngeal cancers. Percentage reduction of BV is significantly correlated to endoscopic response to induction chemotherapy, though we acknowledge that the data correspond to short-term outcomes and long-term durability of response cannot be established. Nevertheless, validation of the use of deconvolution CTP parameters as predictors of tumor response may permit replacement of an invasive diagnostic procedure conducted under anesthesia currently used to assess response with noninvasive perfusion CT imaging.     

正常胰腺MSCT灌注成像与个体因素的相关性研究

目的:应用MSCT灌注成像技术,探讨正常胰腺CT灌注参数与年龄及体质指数(BMI)的相关性。方法:对符合正常胰腺纳入标准的35例患者按年龄及BMI分组,分别行16层螺旋CT胰腺灌注成像,三点测量各组胰腺的组织血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)和对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)值,取各组灌注参数平均值,按组别进行统计学分析。结果:①年龄组:44岁(包括44岁)以下组,胰腺BF、BV、PS及MTT灌注值分别为(172.92±77.63)ml/(100g.min)、(61.63±24.37)ml/100g、(175.08±150.44)ml/(100g.min)、(34.74±13.74)s;45～59岁组,其灌注值分别为(181.61±133.36)ml/(100g.min)、(52.30±24.19)ml/100g、(213.44±151.20)ml/(100g.min)、(39.70±15.35)s;60岁(包括60岁)以上组,其灌注值分别为(118.99±37.89)ml/(100g.min)、(45.62±9.40)ml/100g、(202.72±91.08)ml/(100g.min)、(32.17±9.00)s。②BMI组:体质指数为22以下(包括22)组,胰腺BF、BV、PS及MTT灌注值分别为(154.39±79.88)ml/(100g.min)、(52.92±23.79)ml/100g、(209.85±147.52)ml/(100g.min)、(36.51±13.01)s;体质指数为22以上组,其灌注值分别为(182.82±120.96)ml/(100g.min)、(59.66±18.72)ml/100g、(157.68±107.50)ml/(100g.min)、(33.96±14.52)s。相关性分析结果显示,年龄与BF间呈负相关(P<0.05),余胰腺各灌注参数值与年龄及BMI均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:胰腺的血流灌注,除血流量随年龄增长有逐步下降趋势外,其余受个体因素的影响小。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对鼻咽癌放疗后患者感兴趣血管选择的研究

目的 研究不同感兴趣血管选择对鼻咽癌放疗后局部复发瘤和纤维化灶CT灌注参数的影响,探讨鼻咽癌放疗后患者CT灌注成像时选择替代感兴趣血管的可行性.方法 对复发组(19例)和纤维化组(11例)进行CT灌注后,采用颈内动脉-颈内静脉(颈内-颈内组)、颈外动脉-下颌后静脉(颈外-下颌后组)和颈外动脉-颈内静脉(颈外-颈内组)分别作为3组感兴趣血管测量复发组和纤维化组患者的灌注参数,研究其差异性;利用ROC曲线计算3组灌注参数对复发瘤的诊断效能.对所获数据的组间差异进行秩和检验.结果 CT灌注感兴趣血管颈内-颈内、颈外-下颌后、颈外-颈内组的复发组血流量(BF)M值分别为201.88、439.59、252.23ml· min-1·100g-1,纤维化组分别为98.96、180.50、106.55 ml·min-1·100 g-1;复发组血容量(BV)M值分别为6.71、12.39、6.70 ml/100 9,纤维化组分别为2.35、4.76、2.95ml/100 9;复发组平均通过时间(MTT)M值分别为1.66、1.50、1.56 s,纤维化组分别为2.13、1.96、1.79 s;复发组表面通透性(PS)M值分别为19.31、36.39、15.22 ml· min-1·100g-1,纤维化组分别为16.58、29.08、16.63 ml· min-1·100g-1;各组内复发组与纤维化组的BF、BV值差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),而MTT及PS值差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞ 0.05).颈内-颈内组BF、BV、MTT、PS的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.909、0.947、0.677、0.703;颈外-下颌后组分别为0.938、0.967、0.648、0.679;颈外-颈内组分别为0.861、0.890、0.641、0.656;分别与AUC的诊断阈值(0.5)比较,3组灌注参数BF、BV测量值的AUC值具有诊断效能(P值均＜0.01).结论 用3组不同感兴趣血管进行CT灌注成像,BF、BV对鼻咽癌放疗后局部复发瘤及纤维化灶均具有鉴别诊断效能;3组不同感兴趣血管可相互替代完成鼻咽癌放疗后的CT灌注检查.     

多层螺旋CT在肺癌诊断中的临床应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT与肺癌早期诊断及预后的关系。方法：对我院2007年4月～2008年7月拟诊肺癌的152例患者行多层螺旋CT扫描,评价CT对肺癌早期诊断的作用,比较肺癌CT灌注参数与肌肉组织灌注参数的差异。接受化疗、放疗或同步放化疗且符合疗效评价标准患者中观察治疗前后CT灌注参数是否有变化,评价CT灌注参数的变化在监测化放疗疗效,评价预后中有无价值。结果：CT检查鉴别诊断肺部肿物良、恶性的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为90．5％、86．7％、98．4％、50．0％、90．1％。肺癌患者肿瘤组织和肌肉组织的BF、BV、MTT、PS（均P〈0．01）。在NSCLC中,缓解组的BF、BV值高于未缓解组,（P〈0．05）;缓解组的MTT值较低、PS值略高（P〉0．05）。PS值升高组的无进展生存期和总生存期均低于PS值降低组（均P〈0．01）。结论：CT在肺癌早期诊断中具有一定临床意义,肺癌的BF、BV和PS值明显高于肌肉组织,MTT明显低于肌肉组织。PS值升高,提示预后不良。对于化疗后早期灌注值明显升高、PS值升高的患者,可望提示临床在出现肿瘤进展前考虑提早联合放疗或靶向治疗。     

多层螺旋CT 灌注成像在门脉高压性胃肠病的应用价值

目的：评价CT灌注技术对门脉高压性胃肠病（portal hypertensive gastroenteropathy ,PHGE）患者胃肠道血流动力学定量研究的价值。方法对20例正常对照者及26例PHGE患者进行十二指肠降段CT灌注扫描,记录肠壁血流量（blood flow ,BF）、对比剂平均通过时间（mean transit time ,MTT）、血管渗透性（permeability ,PMB）达峰时间（Time To Peak ,TTP）和血容量（blood volume ,BV）,并对两组参数进行对比分析。结果正常对照组与 PHGE组的BF值分别为（173．02±85．14）ml/100g tissue/min和（82．52±52．37）ml/100g tissue/min（ P ＝0．003）;MTT 分别为（10．78±2.65）s和（16．32±3．74）s（ P ＝0．003）;PMB分别为（36．79±22．14）ml/100g tissue/min和（22．36±11．02）ml/100g tis-sue/min（ P ＝0．005）。正常对照组与PHGE组间达峰时间（time to peak ,TTP）、血容量（blood volume ,BV）差异无统计学意义（ P＝0．485;BV值：对照组（21．42±11．25）ml/100g tissue ,PHGE组（16．84±9．46）ml/100g tissue ,P ＝0．327）。结论 PHGE患者胃肠道CT灌注显示BF、PMB减低,M T T明显延长,可对PHGE患者胃肠道微循环及血流动力学的改变早期发现并做出定量评估。     

CT灌注参数对食管癌放疗疗效评价的研究

目的通过对食管癌放疗前后CT灌注参数的比较,得出一种无创评价肿瘤疗效的可靠方法,为临床正确治疗方案的确定、疗效的判定及预后评估提供依据。方法对经过病理证实的20例食管癌放疗患者,于放疗前1周及放疗后1周内行CT灌注,绘制ROI的TDC,并计算BF、BV、MTT、PS数值,随访确定有效组及无效组,分别比较有效组、无效组放疗前、后CT灌注参数差异有无统计学意义,并比较有效组与无效组放疗前CT灌注参数差异有无统计学意义。结果食管癌放疗有效组放疗前后BF、BV、MTT差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）,P值分别为0．000、0．022、0．005,PS差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;食管癌放疗无效组放疗前后BF、BV、MTT、PS差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;有效组与无效组放疗前BF、MTT差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,P值分别为0．027、0．047,BV、PS差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论CT灌注参数对评价食管癌放疗疗效有一定的价值,对拥有高BF、低MTT数值的患者容易获得更好的放疗疗效,为正确治疗方案的确定、疗效的判定及预后评估提供依据。     

16层螺旋CT胰腺癌灌注研究

目的探讨正常胰腺和胰腺癌的MSCT灌注成像特征。方法30例无胰腺疾病的患者和16例经病理证实的胰腺癌患者,采用16层螺旋CT进行灌注扫描,分别测量30例正常胰腺组织和16例胰腺癌肿瘤组织及周围正常胰腺组织的血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS)值,并进行分析。结果胰腺CT灌注的各项指标个体差异较大,但正常胰腺组织和癌周相对正常的胰腺组织的BF、BV、PS和MTT的平均值差异无显著性意义。正常胰腺组织和癌周相对正常胰腺组织的BV、BF高于胰腺癌组织,PS低于胰腺癌组织。胰腺癌周围相对正常胰腺组织与胰腺癌组织PS、BV和BF前后配对t检验差异更加明显。结论CT灌注成像技术对胰腺癌诊断具有重要的提示意义。     

肝脏泡球蚴病CT灌注成像与微血管密度及血管内皮生长因子的相关性分析

目的 分析肝脏泡球蚴病CT灌注成像与微血管密度(MVD)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的相关性,评价CT灌注技术在显示肝泡球蚴血管生成方面的价值.方法 回顾性分析27例肝脏泡球蚴病患者的螺旋CT灌注检查资料,绘制病灶边缘ROI的时间密度曲线(TDC),并测定灌注参数包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS).通过病理免疫组织化学方法测定病灶边缘区域MVD计数和VEGF的表达,对不同类型TDC的灌注参数、MVD和VEGF比较采用t检验,采用Spearman法分析不同类型TDC各CT灌注参数与MVD和VEGF表达的相关性.结果 21例为Ⅰ型TDC,6例为Ⅱ型TDC,两型TDC的BF分别为(111.7±27.6)和(158.9±39.5) ml· 100 g-1·min-1,BV分别为(15.1 +6.2)和(26.8±8.4) ml/100 g,MTT分别为(7.0±4.4)和(7.7±3.1)s,PS分别为(51.7±17.3)和(51.0±20.5) ml· 100 g-1·min-1,两型TDC之间BF、BV差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-7.897和- 18.783,P值均＜0.05),MTT及PS差异无统计学意义(t值分别为1.311和0.182,P值均＞0.05);两型之间MVD计数分别为(20.5±5.4)和(37.2±7.5)个/高倍视野,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.223,P＜0.05),而VEGF计分分别为(2.1±1.0)和(3.2±1.0)分,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.707,P＞0.05).MVD与Ⅱ型TDC的BF、BV有相关性(r值分别为0.789和0.878,P值均＜0.05),与MTT、PS间无相关性(P值均＞0.05);MVD与Ⅰ型TDC各参数之间,以及VEGF与两型TDC各灌注参数之间均无相关性(P值均＞0.05).结论 CT灌注成像不同TDC在一定程度上反映了病灶边缘不同的血管生成状态,有望为泡球蚴病灶边缘的血管化研究提供一种新的方法.     

MSCT灌注成像对肺内肿块的定性及定量研究

目的:探讨多层CT灌注成像对肺部肿块的诊断价值并与肿瘤血管生成进行相关性分析。方法:对53例确诊的肺部结节或肿块性病变进行CT灌注成像。分析并记录血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和毛细血管表面通透性(PS)。27例手术切除标本进行免疫组化染色,测定MVD和VEGF表达值,并与CT灌注参数进行相关性分析。结果:3组结节间BF、BV、PS值均表现为恶性>炎性>良性;恶性结节的BF、BV和PS值均显著高于良性结节,差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01);恶性与炎性结节间、炎性与良性结节间PS值差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),BF和BV值差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。3组结节间MTT值差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。MVD及VEGF与BF、BV及PS值之间均具有正相关性,与MTT值无明显相关性。结论:CT灌注成像能较全面地反映肺部病变的血流信息,可为肺部病变的鉴别诊断及评价肺癌血管生成提供依据。     

兔VX2乳腺癌CT灌注成像与血管内皮生长因子表达的相关性研究

目的 对兔VX2乳腺癌模型功能MSCT(fMSCT)灌注参数与免疫组织化学(简称免疫组化)检测的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)进行相关性分析,在体无创评价未经治疗的兔VX2乳腺癌血管生成特点.方法 纯种雌性新西兰大白兔16只,于兔乳晕周围注入VX2组织块悬液1 ml.瘤组织生长2周后对荷瘤兔进行CT灌注扫描,获得血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)及表面通透性(PS)灌注参数均值,16只荷瘤兔取瘤组织进行免疫组化检测VEGF表达.对获得的肿瘤与肌肉灌注参数值进行两样本t检验,灌注参数与VEGF值间用Pearson相关性分析.结果 兔VX2乳腺癌肿瘤CT灌注参数BF、BV、MTT和PS均值分别为(228.21±13.13)ml·min-1·100 mg-1、(13.45±1.01)ml·100 mg-1、(3.50±0.20)s、(7.85±1.18)ml·min-1·100 mg-1;兔肌肉组织CT灌注参数BF、BV、MTT和PS均值分别为(66.10±22.11)ml·min-1·100 mg-1、(1.88±1. 80)ml·100 mg-1、(23.87±0.63)s、(1.55±0.38)ml·min-1·100 mg-1,肿瘤CT灌注参数BF、BV和PS均值明显高于肌肉组织,MTT低于肌肉组织,2组间的BF、BV、MTT及PS差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为61.83、13.63、27.72、20.54,P值均＜0.01).兔VX2乳腺癌组织VEGF表达均值为7.33±0.27,分别与BF(r=0.712,P＜0.01)、BV(r=0.647,P＜0.01)和PS(r=0.627,P＜0.01)存在正相关,与MTT(r=-0.564,P＜0.05)存在负相关.结论 MSCT灌注成像可以在体无创评价未经治疗的兔VX2乳腺癌血管生成.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像对肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:搜集经病理或临床证实的肾细胞癌患者39例,肾错构瘤2例,肾囊肿11例,肾周感染性病变2例,双肾正常者32例,均行MSCT肾脏灌注扫描。通过后处理软件分析所得灌注参数血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、表面通透性(PS)和平均通过时间(MTT)。结果:正常人两侧肾脏皮质或髓质的BF、BV、MTT、PS无显著性差异。肾癌与正常肾皮质BF、BV、MTT、PS均有显著性意义。而肾癌的BF、BV、PS值低于正常肾皮质,MTT高于正常肾皮质。并且BF值显著高于肾错构瘤、肾囊肿及肾周感染性病变等的BF值。结论:MSCT肾脏灌注成像实现了,肾脏血流的定量研究,对肾肿瘤定性诊断和鉴别诊断方面具有一定的临床应用价值。     

兔VX2软组织肿瘤模型的建立与MSCT灌注成像研究

目的:建立软组织恶性肿瘤动物模型并研究MSCT灌注成像在软组织肿瘤中的应用价值.材料和方法:12只新西兰大白兔,双侧大腿近段注射VX2肿瘤组织悬液0.1ml,分别于肿瘤组织接种后第7、14、21、28天行CT平扫和灌注扫描,扫描图像经AW4.0工作站处理,计算并分析灌注图像和灌注参数,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS).结果:所有兔大腿VX2肿瘤组织的BF、BV、PS值明显高于正常肌肉组织(P<0.001),而MTT值则明显低于正常肌肉组织(P<0.001).结论:MSCT灌注成像是一种准确且相对简捷的定量评估软组织肿瘤性病变血流灌注状态的功能成像方法.     

鼻咽癌、炎症、瘢痕组织的CT灌注研究

目的评价CT灌注成像对鼻咽癌、炎症、瘢痕组织的诊断价值。资料与方法66例进行了鼻咽部多排螺旋CT（MDCT）灌注成像,其中正常对照组20例,鼻咽癌组25例,炎症组10例．鼻咽癌放疗后0．5～5年无复发病例组（放疗后组）11例。在工作站应用去卷积计算局部组织的血流量（BF）、血容量（BV）、平均通过时间（MTT）、峰值时间（TTP）、表面通透性（PS）图等,四组病例的四组数据用SPSS11．0软件的独立样本t检验分析。结粜25例鼻咽癌BF、PS、BV值明显高于其他组．有显著性差异。MTT值鼻咽癌组与其他组无显著性差异。炎症组与对照组比较仅BF值有显著性差异。对照组与放疗后组比较无显著性差异。结论本研究初步显示CT灌注成像可评价鼻咽癌．其中BF、PS、BV意义最大．可与炎症、放疗后瘢痕组织鉴别;炎症组织的BF明显高于对照组。