MSCT对低危型、高危型胸腺瘤及胸腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨MSCT对低危型、高危型胸腺瘤及胸腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法：将68例经穿刺或手术病理证实的胸腺上皮性肿瘤（TETs）,按WHO简化病理分型分为低危型胸腺瘤、高危型胸腺瘤和胸腺癌三组,对三组的MSCT征象进行统计学分析。结果：68例TETs中,低危型胸腺瘤31例（A型4例、AB型19例、B1型8例）、高危型胸腺瘤15例（B2型9例、B3型6例）、胸腺癌22例。高危型胸腺瘤、胸腺癌均较低危型胸腺瘤更易表现为肿瘤边缘不规则或分叶（P均<0.05);高危型胸腺瘤、胸腺癌均较低危型胸腺瘤更易出现对胸膜/心包、邻近大血管侵犯（P均<0.05）;增强后密度不均及囊变坏死率在胸腺癌和低危型胸腺瘤间均具有显著性差异（P均<0.001）;胸腺癌出现纵隔淋巴结转移较低危型、高危型胸腺瘤更为常见（P<0.05）;而瘤内钙化在三者间两两比较均无明显统计学差异（P均>0.05）。结论：MSCT对WHO简化病理分型的TETs具有一定的鉴别诊断价值。     

CT平均最大强化程度鉴别胸腺上皮性肿瘤WHO病理亚型及风险分层

【摘要】目的：探讨增强CT（CECT）成像上肿瘤最大强化程度（CEmax）鉴别胸腺上皮性肿瘤（TETs）不同WHO病理亚型和简化风险亚组的价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的62例TETs患者的术前CT图像（平扫及动脉期、静脉期增强扫描）。将肿瘤实性部分在平扫与增强后图像上的的最大CT差值的绝对值定义为CEmax。采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验比较CEmax在不同病理亚型和风险亚组间的差异。结果：TETs的6个WHO病理亚型组（A、AB、B1、B2、B3型胸腺瘤和胸腺癌）之间CEmax的差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。在6个病理亚型中,A型和AB型胸腺瘤的CEmax均显著高于其它亚型（P值均<0.05）,B1型、B2型、B3型胸腺瘤和胸腺癌四者之间差异无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。B型胸腺瘤（包括B1、B2和B3型）与胸腺癌之间CEmax的差异无统计学意义（P=0.513）。低危胸腺瘤（A、AB、B1型）的CEmax显著高于高危胸腺瘤（B2、B3型）和胸腺癌（P值均<0.05）,但高危胸腺瘤与胸腺癌的CEmax值差异无统计学意义（P=0.551）。结论：平均CEmax值有助于鉴别TETs不同病理亚型及风险分层。     

MSCT对胸腺上皮肿瘤WHO简化病理分型的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对低危型、高危型胸腺瘤及胸腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理(穿刺或手术)证实的67例胸腺上皮肿瘤,基于WHO病理分型简化为低危型胸腺瘤、高危型胸腺瘤及胸腺癌三组,并对其CT征象进行统计分析。结果67例TETs中,低危型胸腺瘤30例(A型3例、AB型20例、B1型7例),高危型胸腺瘤22例(B2型11例、B3型11例),胸腺癌15例。高危型胸腺瘤、胸腺癌较低危型胸腺瘤易表现为边缘分叶或不规则(P均<0.05)及易出现对心包侵犯(P均<0.05);胸腺癌较低危型胸腺瘤易出现增强后密度不均、囊变坏死及胸膜转移(P均≤0.003);胸腺癌较低危型、高危型胸腺瘤易出现纵隔淋巴结肿大(P均≤0.002);纵隔大血管侵犯在三组间两两比较均有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。结论MSCT对TETs的WHO简化病理分型鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

胸腺上皮性肿瘤的CT表现、Ki-67指数与WHO病理学分型的相关性研究

目的 探讨胸腺上皮性肿瘤(TETs)的CT表现、免疫组织化学Ki-67指数与WHO病理学分型的相关性.方法 回顾性分析45例经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的TETs患者的CT基本特征、定量参数值及Ki-67指数,按简化WHO分型将TETs分为低危组胸腺瘤(A、AB、B1型)、高危组胸腺瘤(B2、B3型)和胸腺癌3组进行统计学...     

胸腺瘤螺旋CT表现与其WHO病理分型对照研究

目的：探讨胸腺瘤螺旋CT影像特征与其WHO病理学分型之间的相关性。方法：分析84例病理证实的胸腺瘤的CT影像特征与其WHO分型之间的相关性。结果：螺旋CT征象上表现有分叶、胸膜、心包及大血管受侵犯及尖角征／锯齿征的胸腺瘤,A型、AB型与B型、胸腺癌两大类之间有显著差异（P〈0．05）,而肿块大小、肿块密度均匀与否、纵隔脂肪线存在与否两者之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：螺旋CT对A型、AB型与B型、胸腺癌可以做出较为正确的分类,但较难区分A型与AB型、B型与胸腺癌。     

胸腺上皮性肿瘤世界卫生组织组织学分型与CT影像表现的相关性研究

目的 探讨不同组织类型胸腺上皮性肿瘤(TET)的CT特征.方法 回顾性分析133例经手术病理证实TET的CT表现,并根据WHO 2004年标准对所有病例重新进行组织学分型,分析不同组织类型TET的CT特征.各类型间比较采用x2检验.结果 133例TET病理分型A、AB、B1、B2、B3型和胸腺癌分别为10、17、13、46、30和17例.A型(9例,90.0％)、AB型(15例,88.2％)、B1(10例,76.9％)和B2型(31例,67.4％)胸腺瘤多呈圆形或卵圆形,形状规则且边界光滑;而B3型(21例,70.0％)与胸腺癌(15例,88.2％)肿块呈不规则形或铸型生长,且边界不清楚.胸腺癌坏死囊变发生率最高(15例,88.2％),其次为B3型胸腺瘤(19例,63.3％)和A型胸腺瘤(6例,60.0％),B2和B3型胸腺瘤钙化发生率较高(32例,42.1％),明显高于其他类型TET(8例,14.0％;X2=12.20,P＜0.01).A、AB、B3型TET及胸腺癌高度强化的发生率(39例,52.7％),明显高于B1和B2型(8例,13.6％;x2= 22.01,P＜0.01).结论 根据WHO 2004标准,不同组织类型的TET的CT表现具有一定特征性,CT在一定程度上具有预测TET组织学类型、判断预后的潜力.     

原发性胸腺淋巴瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨原发胸腺淋巴瘤（PTL）的CT表现及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析1992年3月-2013年4月临床资料齐全且经病理证实的15例原发胸腺淋巴瘤CT表现,所有病例均经CT平扫加增强扫描,并与相同病例的侵袭性胸腺瘤及胸腺癌CT表现进行对照研究。结果：15例原发胸腺淋巴瘤中霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）8例（8/15）、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤5例（5/15）、T细胞淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤2例（2/15）,女性9例（9/15）、男性6例（6/15）;发病年龄＜40岁13例（13/15）,与侵袭性胸腺瘤（5/15）及胸腺癌（3/15）比较（P＜0．05）。原发胸腺淋巴瘤CT平扫示肿块向两侧生长11例（11/15）,结节状突起、分叶状生长8例（8/15）,密度均匀6例（6/15）,三者分别与侵袭性胸腺瘤、胸腺癌比较差异无显著统计学意义。原发胸腺淋巴瘤CT增强扫描示包绕血管征11例（11/15）,分别与侵袭性胸腺瘤（2/15）、胸腺癌（4/15）比较（P＜0．05）;瘤内小囊肿状改变7例（7/15）,分别与侵袭性胸腺瘤（1/15）、胸腺癌（0/15）比较（P＜0．05）;强化值＜20 HU10例（10/15）,与胸腺癌（1/15）比较（P＜0．05）。结论：原发胸腺淋巴瘤好发年轻女性,CT增强扫描具有一定的特征表现,据之可与侵袭性胸腺瘤及胸腺癌鉴别。     

胸腺上皮性肿瘤WHO简化病理分型的MSCT表现

目的:分析胸腺上皮性肿瘤(TET)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现及多平面重组(MPR)特征,并探讨其与WHO简化病理分型之间的相关性。方法:回顾性分析40例经手术病理证实的TET患者术前MSCT及MPR图像,并与WHO简化病理分型[低危型胸腺瘤(A、AB、B1)、高危型胸腺瘤(B2、B3)与胸腺癌]进行比较。结果:高危型胸腺瘤与胸腺癌MSCT及MPR征象表现为肿瘤边缘不光整或分叶、形态不规则且强化后瘤内密度不均,以及对邻近结构侵犯,与低危型胸腺瘤有统计学差异﹙P<0.05﹚,胸腺癌纵隔淋巴结增大及远处转移较两组胸腺瘤更为常见,而患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤体积以及瘤内钙化在三组间比较均无明显统计学差异。结论:MSCT扫描及MPR技术对TET的WHO简化病理分型鉴别诊断具有重要价值,为临床治疗方案的选择及判断预后提供信息。     

胸腺上皮性肿瘤18F-FDG PET/CT显像最大标准化摄取值与WHO病理分型及Masaoka分期的关系

目的 探讨胸腺上皮性肿瘤（TET）术前18F-FDG PET/CT显像最大标准化摄取值（SUV_max）与世界卫生组织（WHO）病理分型及Masaoka分期的关系。 方法 回顾性分析2007年9月至2019年3月于南京医科大学第一附属医院经手术病理学结果证实的40例TET患者的临床资料，其中男性14例、女性26例，年龄32~79岁。分析所有患者的术前18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料，测定病灶的SUV_max。参照WHO(2015) TET病理分型将TET患者分为低危型胸腺瘤（A、AB、B1型）、高危型胸腺瘤（B2、B3型）和胸腺癌（C型）3组；采用Masaoka分期标准将TET患者分为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期 3组；将TET患者分为胸腺瘤（包括低危型胸腺瘤和高危型胸腺瘤）和胸腺癌2组，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线计算SUV_max和曲线下面积（AUC）。3组间的比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验，2组间的比较采用 Mann-Whitney U检验。 结果 低危型胸腺瘤11例（A型1例、AB型4例、B1型6例），高危型胸腺瘤15例（B2型10例、B3型5例），胸腺癌14例。Masaoka分期:Ⅰ期8例，Ⅱ期17例，Ⅲ期15例。低危型胸腺瘤、高危型胸腺瘤和胸腺癌的中位SUV_max分别为3.78、5.21和10.44，3组间SUV_max的差异有统计学意义（χ2=26.716，P<0.01）；组间的两两比较差异均有统计学意义（Z=3.088、?3.928、4.106，均P<0.01）。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期的中位SUV_max分别为3.74、5.14、10.08，3组间SUV_max的差异有统计学意义（χ2=22.295，P<0.01），组间的两两比较差异均有统计学意义（Z=2.680、3.679、?3.644，均P<0.01）。ROC曲线分析结果:AUC为0.953（95%可变区间:0.891~1.000，P<0.01）；SUV_max=6.81是鉴别诊断胸腺瘤与胸腺癌的最佳临界值。 结论 18F-FDG PET/CT 的参数SUV_max与TET的WHO病理分型及Masaoka分期具有较好的相关性，可为临床制定治疗计划提供参考。     

MSCT在鉴别≤3cm的低、高风险胸腺瘤及胸腺癌中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对最大径≤3 cm的胸腺上皮肿瘤(TET)诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析56例经病理证实的最大径≤3 cm的TET病例的病理、影像学资料,根据WHO 2004标准进行组织学分型,将病例分为低风险胸腺瘤组(A/AB/B1型)、高风险胸腺瘤组(B2/B3型)、胸腺癌组(C型),分析各组TET的CT征象,包括病灶的形状、边缘是否光滑、是否伴有棘状突起、是否伴有瘤周小结节、强化程度、胸膜侵犯征象、周围脂肪间隙等.各类型间比较采用χ2检验,样本量过小时,采用Fisher精确试验.结果 低风险胸腺瘤(27例)较高风险胸腺瘤(23例)及胸腺癌(6例)更常表现为规则的类圆形的形态(χ2=73,P<0.001;χ2=116,P<0.001),纵隔-肺界面更易呈膨隆状(χ2=3.41,P=0.046;χ2=7.39,P=0.01);高风险胸腺瘤、胸腺癌较低风险胸腺瘤更常见边缘模糊、棘状突起、胸膜侵犯等征象(P<0.001);胸腺癌较高风险胸腺瘤更常见边缘模糊、棘状突起、胸膜侵犯等征象(χ2=11.5,P=0.009);B2型胸腺瘤与胸腺癌之间的差异有显著性意义(χ2=31.52,P<0.001),然而B3型胸腺瘤与胸腺癌之间无统计学差异(χ2=6.96,P=0.07).结论 MSCT可准确显示病灶的形态、边缘、瘤周情况、强化程度及胸膜侵犯情况,在一定程度上可预测胸腺瘤的组织学分型,可为术前诊断及预后评估提供依据.     

Does CT of thymic epithelial tumors enable us to differentiate histologic subtypes and predict prognosis?

OBJECTIVE: The aims of our study were to describe the CT findings of thymic epithelial tumors and to correlate these findings with the histopathologic subtypes and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings of thymic epithelial tumors were analyzed in 91 patients who had undergone surgery between May 1995 and June 2002. Two observers, who were unaware of the histopathologic classification made in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and the prognosis of the tumors, retrospectively reviewed the initial CT findings in terms of the contours and shapes of the tumors and the presence of necrosis, calcification, mediastinal fat or great vessel invasion, pleural seeding, contrast enhancement, and lymph node enlargement. These findings were compared with the simplified subgroups of WHO histologic classification (low-risk thymomas [types A, AB, and B1], high-risk thymomas [types B2 and B3], and thymic carcinomas [type C]) and with postoperative recurrence. RESULTS: The study found 31 low-risk thymomas (eight type A, 16 type AB, and seven type B1 tumors), 45 high-risk thymomas (25 type B2 and 20 type B3), and 15 thymic carcinomas (type C). Lobulated contour was more often seen in high-risk thymomas (26/45, 58%; p = 0.0456) and thymic carcinomas (10/15, 67%; p = 0.033) than in low-risk thymomas (9/31, 29%). Mediastinal fat invasion was more often seen in thymic carcinomas (5/15, 33%; p = 0.0133) than in low-risk thymomas (1/31, 3%). Great vessel invasion was seen only in thymic carcinomas (2/15, 13%; p = 0.0244). Tumors with a lobulated or irregular contour, an oval shape, mediastinal fat or great vessel invasion, and pleural seeding showed significantly more frequent recurrence and metastasis (all, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although CT is of limited value in differentiating histologic subtypes according to the WHO classification, CT findings may serve as predictors of postoperative recurrence or metastasis for the thymic epithelial tumors.     

Thymic epithelial tumors: comparison of CT and MR imaging findings of low-risk thymomas, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas

OBJECTIVE: To assess the CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of thymic epithelial tumors classified according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) histologic classification and to determine useful findings in differentiating the main subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with thymic epithelial tumor who underwent both CT and MR imaging were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were classified according to the 2004 WHO classification. The following findings were assessed in each case on both CT and MRI: size of tumor, contour, perimeter of capsule; homogeneity, presence of septum, hemorrhage, necrotic or cystic component within tumor; presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, and great vessel invasion. These imaging characteristics of 30 low-risk thymomas (4 type A, 12 type AB, and 14 type B1), 18 high-risk thymomas (11 type B2 and seven type B3), and 12 thymic carcinomas on CT and MR imaging were compared using the chi-square test. Comparison between CT and MR findings was performed by using McNemar test. RESULTS: On both CT and MR imaging, thymic carcinomas were more likely to have irregular contours (P < .001), necrotic or cystic component (P < .05), heterogeneous contrast-enhancement (P < .05), lymphadenopathy (P < .0001), and great vessel invasion (P < .001) than low-risk and high-risk thymomas. On MR imaging, the findings of almost complete capsule, septum, and homogenous enhancement were more commonly seen in low-risk thymomas than high-risk thymomas and thymic carcinomas (P < .05). MR imaging was superior to CT in the depiction of capsule, septum, or hemorrhage within tumor (all comparison, P < .05). CONCLUSION: The presence of irregular contour, necrotic or cystic component, heterogeneous enhancement, lymphadenopathy, and great vessel invasion on CT or MR imaging are strongly suggestive of thymic carcinomas. On MR imaging, the findings of contour, capsule, septum, and homogenous enhancement are helpful in distinguishing low-risk thymomas from high-risk thymomas and thymic carcinomas.     

18F-FDG PET/CT of thymic epithelial tumors: usefulness for distinguishing and staging tumor subgroups.

The purpose of our study was to assess the usefulness of integrated PET/CT using 18F-FDG for distinguishing thymic epithelial tumors according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. METHODS: Thirty-three patients (age range, 34-68 y; mean age, 54.6 y) with thymic epithelial tumors, who underwent both integrated PET/CT and enhanced CT, were included. The clinicopathologic stages, maximum standardized uptake values (SUVs), and uptake patterns of tumors on integrated PET/CT images, and various enhanced CT findings, are described according to the simplified (low-risk [types A, AB, and B1] and high-risk [types B2 and B3] thymomas and thymic carcinomas) subgroups of the WHO classification. Discriminant analysis was performed to determine the relative capabilities of integrated PET/CT and enhanced CT findings to differentiate tumor subgroups. RESULTS: Tumors included 8 low-risk thymomas, 9 high-risk thymomas, and 16 thymic carcinomas. The maximum SUVs of high-risk thymomas (P < 0.001) and low-risk thymomas (P < 0.001) were found to be significantly lower than those of thymic carcinomas. Homogeneous 18F-FDG uptake within tumors was more frequently seen in thymic carcinomas than in high-risk thymomas (P = 0.027) or low-risk thymomas (P = 0.001). The uptake pattern (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) on integrated PET/CT images and the presence of mediastinal fat invasion on enhanced CT images were found to be useful for differentiating tumor subgroups. In addition, integrated PET/CT helped detect lymph node metastases, which were not identified on enhanced CT in 2 patients. CONCLUSION: Integrated PET/CT was found to be useful for differentiating subgroups of thymic epithelial tumors and for staging the extent of the disease.     

18F-FDG PET/CT is Useful for Pretreatment Assessment of the Histopathologic Type of Thymic Epithelial Tumors

Purpose

This study was performed to assess the usefulness of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (CT) for distinguishing thymic epithelial tumors according to World Health Organization (WHO) classifications.

Methods

We analyzed a total of 45 patients (range, 29–75 years of age; mean, 55 years) with pathologically confirmed thymic epithelial tumors who underwent pretreatment ¹⁸F-FDG PET or PET/CT between November 2003 and October 2009. The size, visual grading of uptake value, peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak), uptake pattern, and contour of each tumor, and associated findings on PET or PET/CT, were analyzed relative to the three simplified WHO subgroups: less-invasive thymomas (types A and AB), more-invasive thymomas (types B1, B2, and B3) and thymic carcinomas. We statistically assessed the relationship of ¹⁸F-FDG PET or PET/CT findings with these simplified subgroups.

Results

Of the 45 patients, ten had less-invasive thymomas, 23 had more-invasive thymomas, and 12 had thymic carcinomas. The SUVpeak of the less- and more-invasive thymomas were significantly lower than those of thymic carcinomas (p < 0.000), but there was no difference in SUVpeak between less- and more-invasive thymomas. The visual grading scale (p < 0.000), uptake pattern (p = 0.001), and contour (p < 0.000) of the tumors differed significantly among the three simplified subgroups.

Conclusion

The image findings of ¹⁸F-FDG PET or PET/CT differed significantly by histologic subgroups. Pre-treatment evaluation with ¹⁸F-FDG PET or PET/CT might be helpful in differentiating subgroups of thymic epithelial tumors.     

不同病理亚型乏血供肾癌的CT表现及其鉴别诊断

目的：探讨不同亚型乏血供肾癌的CT表现,提高对不同亚型乏血供肾癌的术前诊断准确性。方法：回顾性分析46个（45例）经病理证实的乏血供肾癌病灶的CT表现特征并与其病理结构对比分析,其中透明细胞肾癌（CCRCC）27个（26例）,乳头状肾癌（PRCC）17个,肾嫌色细胞癌（CRCC）2个,对前两个亚型的CT表现进行统计学分析。结果：肾癌的CT表现与病理结构相关。透明细胞肾癌中形态不规则或边界不清楚、直径≤3cm及伴肾实质外侵犯者分别为17、11和15个,而乳头状肾癌中分别为5、2和4个,这3个征象在两种病变类型间的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,余CT表现在两亚型间差异无统计学意义。结论：CT在不同亚型乏血供肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要的应用价值。