小肝癌患者微血管侵犯与肝移植后肿瘤复发及预后相关性研究

目的：分析影像学上符合Milan标准的肝癌肝移植患者术后复发相关的危险因素,评估Milan标准和微血管侵犯对肝移植术后肿瘤复发的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属第一医院2007—2013年期间115例影像学符合Milan标准并行肝移植治疗的肝癌患者,通过单因素及多因素Cox回归分析和生存分析探究影响肝移植术后肿瘤复发的危险因素,并分析其预测价值。结果：入组的98（98/115）例患者中,术后1、3、5年总体生存率及无瘤生存率分别为91.8%、80.6%、79.6%和87.8%、74.5%、73.5%。微血管侵犯、大血管侵犯、超出Milan标准和移植前降期治疗与小肝癌肝移植术后复发显著相关（P<0.05）;多因素分析提示微血管侵犯和超出Milan标准是预测肝癌肝移植术后复发的独立危险因素。肝癌不伴和伴有微血管侵犯的术后1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为 92.8%、85.5%、85.5% 和75.9%、55.2%、48.3% （P<0.01）;而术后病理检查证实符合及超出Milan标准肝癌患者术后1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为 91.7%、83.3%、79.8% 和 64.3%、42.9%、42.9% （P<0.01）。结论：微血管侵犯多提示肝癌肝移植受者术后肿瘤的高复发转移倾向,对指导术后早期积极的辅助治疗、密切随访及补救性治疗等都具有一定的临床意义。     

联合米兰标准及微血管侵犯预测肝移植术后肝癌复发

目的探讨临床因素及肝细胞生长因子基因多态性与肝移植术后肝癌复发的关系。方法收集95例肝癌肝移植患者的临床资料,基因分型肝细胞生长因子标签单核苷酸多态性。比较肝癌复发患者与未复发患者的临床资料及肝细胞生长因子基因型分布差异。Cox回归分析探讨无瘤生存率及总体生存率的独立影响因素。结果移植前甲胎蛋白、单个结节、最大结节直径、大血管侵犯、微血管侵犯和米兰标准与肝移植术后肝癌复发相关。微血管侵犯、米兰标准是肝移植术后肝癌患者无瘤生存率和总体生存率的独立影响因素。结论联合米兰标准以及微血管侵犯可以有效预测肝移植术后肝癌复发。     

信息之窗

肝癌患者肝移植适应证新标准上海复旦大学附属中山医院在大规模样本调查评估的基础上,创新性地提出了更符合中国国情的肝癌患者肝移植适应证新标准,在这个标准内进行肝移植的肝癌患者,术后3年内复发率要远远小于不符合标准的患者,生存率明显提高。这个标准为:肝癌患者是单个肿瘤且直径小于等于9 cm;或者多发肿瘤小于等于3个并且其中最大肿瘤直径在9 cm以下(含9 cm);无大血管侵犯、无淋巴结转移和肝外转移。符合这个标准的肝癌患者在肝移植术后1年、2年、3年的总体生存(含肿瘤复发患者的生存率)率分别为88%、80%和80%,无瘤生存率分别为90%、8…     

肝癌肝移植适应证的选择:上海复旦标准

目的评估不同适应证标准对肝癌肝移植预后的影响,探讨建立适合中国国情的肝癌肝移植适应证新标准.方法回顾性分析我院2001年4月至2006年1月间251例肝细胞癌肝移植病例,Kaplan-Meier法统计分析不同病例入选标准对肝癌肝移植术后生存率及无瘤生存率的影响,LogRank检验组间差异.结果93例米兰标准术后1、2、3年的生存率为：86%、77%、77%,无瘤生存率为：91%、86%、86%;131例加利福尼亚标准术后1、2、3年的生存率为：90%、83%、83%,无瘤生存率为：92%、89%、89%;207例匹兹堡标准术后1、2、3年的生存率为：84%、74%、67%.无瘤生存率为：85%,83%,73%.而超出匹兹堡标准的44例患者,1、2、3年生存率及无瘤生存率则显著降低（65%,43%,43%及47%,43%,43%）.当将适应证扩大为：单发肿瘤直径≤9 cm;或多发肿瘤≤3个,且最大肿瘤直径≤5 cm,全部肿瘤直径总和≤9 cm,无大血管侵犯、淋巴结转移及肝外转移（即＂上海复旦标准＂）,其1、2、3年生存率及无瘤生存率（88%,80%,80%及90%,88%,88%）与最为严格的米兰标准相比差异无统计学意义,但入选病例显著增至为151例.结论＂上海复旦标准＂扩大了肝癌肝移植适应证的范围,且并未降低术后总体生存率及无瘤生存率,可能较米兰标准等更符合中国国情.     

符合Milan标准肝细胞癌患者行肝移植和肝切除术预后分析

目的比较符合Milan标准肝细胞癌患者行肝移植和肝切除术后的生存和复发情况,分析影响患者肿瘤复发转移的相关危
险因素。方法回顾性分析南方医院从2006年1月~2011年12月88例符合Milan标准肝细胞癌患者行肝移植或肝切除术的临床
资料,比较两种术式的生存率及无瘤生存率;对围手术期的12个变量进行单因素分析,筛选影响术后肿瘤复发和转移的危险因
素。结果移植组患者1、3、5 年生存率与切除组差别无统计学意义（P>0.05）;移植组患者1、3、5年无瘤生存率优于切除组（P<
0.05）;肝移植组肿瘤复发率明显低于肝切除组（P<0.05）;多因素分析提示性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤病理分化程度、镜下微血管癌栓
是影响无瘤生存率的重要预后因素。结论治疗符合Milan标准肝细胞癌,肝移植比肝切除能获得较长的无瘤生存时间;男性、
肿瘤直径越大、有镜下血管癌栓、肿瘤病理分化程度低的患者术后更容易发生肿瘤复发和转移。
     

预防性TACE联合抗肿瘤药物对原发性肝癌合并微血管侵犯患者术后生存率的影响

目的：探讨术后预防性肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合抗肿瘤药物对原发性肝癌合并微血管侵犯患者术后生存率的影响。方法：选择南昌市第九医院肝胆外科2016年3月-2020年3月收治的100例存在微血管浸润并行根治性手术治疗的原发性肝癌患者为研究对象。单纯进行手术治疗的28例患者为手术组;术后预防性应用TACE的35例患者为TACE组;术后预防性行TACE联合抗肿瘤药物的37例患者作为联合组。比较三组术后肝癌复发情况,并发症发生情况,1、2年生存率。结果：在随访期间,手术组中出现11例复发,TACE组出现7例复发,联合组出现5例复发。三组复发率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组术后发热、恶心、呕吐、上腹痛、肝功能异常等并发症发生率进行对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);通过对三组生存率进行比较,联合组1、2年生存率均明显高于另外两组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：原发性肝癌合并微血管侵犯患者术后应用预防性TACE联合抗肿瘤药物,不会额外增加患者发生并发症的潜在可能性,并以此为基础延长了患者的生存期。     

影响肝癌肝移植预后的高危因素分析及诊治经验

目的分析影响肝癌肝移植预后的临床病理因素,总结临床诊治经验.方法对198例肝癌肝移植患者临床病理特征进行生存率、无瘤生存率的比较（单因素分析）,并通过Cox多因素分析得到有独立意义的预后指标.结果198例肝癌肝移植患者0.5年、1年、2年生存率为89%、78%、65%,无瘤生存率为85%、73%、67%.单因素分析提示肿瘤大小、肿瘤侵犯血管程度、病理Edmondson分级、TNM分期、术前甲胎蛋白（AFP）影响患者无瘤生存率,并且前四个因素与患者生存率相关.Cox多因素分析示肿瘤侵犯血管是影响患者生存和肿瘤复发的独立因素.结论肿瘤侵犯血管是影响肝癌肝移植患者预后的重要因素,术前如何筛选出已有微小转移灶的患者以及如何在移植后预防肿瘤复发是肝癌肝移植发展的重要方向.     

围手术期抑瘤治疗对于进展期肝癌肝移植的临床价值

目的 探讨围手术期抑瘤治疗对降低进展期肝癌(pTNM分期:Ⅲ、Ⅳa)肝移植术后肝癌复发率、提高患者生存率的临床价值.方法 回顾分析了2002年4月至2005年12月于我院接受肝移植的36例Ⅲ、Ⅳa期肝癌患者的临床资料.抑瘤组患者(20例)术前均接受经皮肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)、或TACE联合射频消融(RFA)、无水酒精瘤内注射(PEI),术中、术后均采用阿霉素 5-氟尿嘧啶 顺铂方案行全身静脉化疗;以未接受任何抑瘤治疗的16例患者为对照(非抑瘤组),比较两组的肿瘤复发率、累计生存率和无瘤生存率.结果 抑瘤组肿瘤复发率(12/20,60.0%)明显低于非抑瘤组(14/16,87.5%)(P＜0.05).抑瘤组和非抑瘤组1年、2年生存率比较差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);抑瘤组1年、2年无瘤生存率亦显著高于非抑瘤组(P＜0.05).术前接受TACE联合RFA/PEI治疗的患者肿瘤坏死范围明显优于单用TACE者.结论 对于进展期肝癌患者等待肝移植期间采取TACE RFA/PEI治疗以抑制肿瘤进展,术后配合全身辅助化疗可以显著提高患者生存率、降低肿瘤复发率.阿霉素 5-氟尿嘧啶 顺铂化疗方案安全可行,具有临床应用价值.     

手术治疗无肝硬化肝癌患者87例预后分析

目的:探讨手术治疗无肝硬化肝癌患者预后的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析87例未合并肝硬化的肝癌切除术患者的临床病理资料,收集患者年龄、性别、术前HbsAg、白蛋白、甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)等,以及术后病理诊断、术中术后输血量、TNM分期、肿瘤大小、住院天数、并发症,随访患者术后存活时间。单因素和多因素分析影响患者术后总生存时间、无瘤生存时间的因素。结果:本组患者住院期间死亡率为1.1%;1、3、5年总生存率分别为73.7%、45.2%、39.3%。1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为61.5%、46.4%、31.9%。单因素分析和多因素分析提示,微血管浸润是影响患者术后无瘤生存时间和总生存时间的独立因素。结论:对于无肝硬化的肝癌患者,微血管浸润可以作为推测患者预后的独立因素。     

单中心565例肝移植病例分析

目的：总结肝移植患者预后的影响因素,探讨进一步提高肝移植疗效的措施。方法：回顾性分析565例原位肝移植患者资料,统计患者生存率及并发症发生率。结果：565例肝移植患者的随访时间为3~104个月。2000年5月至2003年12月完成的171例患者术后1个月、1年、3年、5年的存活率分别为87.8%、73.2%、60.2%、57.7%;2004年1月至2009年1月完成的394例患者术后1个月、1年、3年、5年的存活率分别为91.2%、84.9%、69.2%、66.1%,存活率显著提高;良性肝病患者术后1年、3年、5年的存活率分别为83.3%、79.8%、78.5%;肝癌患者术后1年、3年、5年的存活率分别为78.4%、49.1%、45.1%。肝移植术后早期因腹腔内出血接受二次手术、血管性并发症、严重感染、急性肾功能衰竭、移植物原发无功能的发生率分别为1.1%、1.6%、13.6%、7.4%、1.2%。术后的远期并发症主要有：肝癌复发、胆道并发症、乙肝复发、新发恶性肿瘤、移植物慢性失功能、慢性肾功能损伤等,发生率分别为40.3%、6.7%、2.1%、0.9%、0.9%、1.1%;其中,符合和超出米兰标准的肝癌患者的肝癌复发率分别为8.1%和62.5%,所有肝癌复发患者的中位生存时间为19.6个月。结论：肝移植是治疗各种终末期肝病的有效措施,在供肝短缺的情况下,应优先将供肝分配给良性肝病患者和符合米兰标准的肝癌患者。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.