红霉素对14例人胃肠动力的影响

为了研究红霉素治疗胃瘫的作用，１４例成人给于静脉注射或口服红霉素，并进行胃肠测压。结果显示静注红霉素后胃肠道传播性骨电综合波消失，代之以不规则的收缩波形，其收缩波数目从１９个增加至６３个，收缩波幅从６．６７－１０ｋＰａ增高至＞１３．３３ｋＰａ。     

5—羟色胺M受体和胆碱能受体阻断剂在红霉素所致小肠动力紊乱和呕吐中的作用

本实验对８条犬进行小肠肌电测定，并在记录期间分别静注胆碱能神经阻断剂，阿托品和六甲季胺，以及５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）Ｍ受体阻断剂，灭吐灵，以观察其对红霉素所致肠道副作用的影响。结果发现阿托品和六甲季胺不仅能明显地抑制空腹时正常传播性肌电综合波（ＭＭＣ）的发生和传播，降低红霉素促进小肠动力的作用，还能减轻红霉素所致饱腹动物的快波数增加，但对呕吐无明显影响。灭吐灵的实验结果显示红霉素的致吐作用是由５－ＨＴＭ受体介导的，与其促进小肠动力的作用无明显因果关系。     

5—羟色胺M受体和胆碱能受体阻断剂在红霉素所致小肠动力紊乱和呕吐…

本实验对８条犬进行小肠肌电测定，并在记录期间分别静注胆碱能神经阻断剂，阿托品和六甲季胺，以及５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）Ｍ体阻断剂，灭叶灵，以观察其对红霉素所致肠道副作用的影响。结果发现阿托品和六甲季胺不仅能明显地抑制空时正常传播性肌电综合波（ＭＭＣ）的发生和传播，降低红霉素促进小肠动力的作用，还能减轻红霉素所致饱腹动物的快波数增加，但对呕吐无明显影响。来叶灵的实验结果显示红霉素的致叶作用是曲５－ＨＴＭ     

红霉素治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的临床研究

19例糖尿病胄轻瘫患者口服红霉素125mg，2次/d．服药前后行症状计分及B超测定胃排空动能。结果显示：上消化不良症状及胃排空功能均显著改善（P＜0．01）。提示：红霉素是治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的有效药物。     

禁食对大鼠胃肠电活动的影响及神经机制

本实验观察了禁食对大鼠胃肠电活动的影响及其与迷走神经的关系。结果表明：禁食后，大鼠胃电活动增强，十二指肠可记录到规律的ＩＤＭＥＣ活动，但其慢波和快波振幅明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），快波发生率则显著增多（Ｐ＜０．００１）。切除迷走神经后，小肠ＩＤＭＥＣ周期和Ⅱ相时程明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０５），禁食对胃电活动的增强基本恢复，但对十二指肠电活动的影响无明显改善。     

红霉素的胃动素样作用(综述)

红霉素是临床常用的大环内酯类抗生素，但近年有报道表明，它能模拟胃动素诱发消化间期移行性综合运动，且指出红霉素是通过激动胃动素受体而产生胃肠道作用的。这些研究结果为临床提供了一类新型的胃肠道动力药──红霉素及其它14碳大环内酯类抗生素。1胃动素对胃肠道的作用胃动素（motilinMT）是一个由22个氨基酸组成的胃肠肽，它的主要生理作用为启动胃肠道的移行性综合运动（migratingmotorcomplexMMC）。MMC的一个周期为2h，包括Ⅰ相电活动和动力活动静止状态、Ⅱ相不规则活动状态、Ⅲ相持续数分钟的发生于胃或小肠能传播的电活动…     

损毁迷走神经背核翻转室旁核降低胃内压的观察

选用ＳＤ大鼠３８只，乌拉坦麻醉下观察电刺激下丘脑室旁核（ＰＶＮ）对大鼠胃内压的影响以及侧脑室注射阿托品和双侧迷走神经背核被损毁后翻转ＰＶＮ降低胃内压（ＩＧＰ）的效应。其结果是：（１）电刺激ＰＶＮ可明显降低胃内压（刺激前ＩＧＰ为０．６２±０．０１ｋＰａ，刺激后ＩＧＰ降至０．３９±０．０１ｋＰａ．Ｐ＜０．０１）；胃内压变化率为３７．１％。（２）侧脑室内微注射阿托品可明显减弱电刺激ＰＶＮ对ＩＧＰ的影响，有５只大鼠出现胃位相性收缩波。（３）直流损毁双侧迷走神经背核后，则电刺激ＰＶＮ引起的ＩＧＰ下降效应明显减弱，出现胃内压翻转效应（由刺激前的０．６０±０．１７ｋＰａ升高至０．８０±０．３ｋＰａ，Ｐ＜０．０５）；胃内压变化率为＋３３．３％。有８只大鼠出现胃位相性收缩波增强。本实验结果表明：中枢胆碱能神经系统可能参与ＰＶＮ对ＩＧＰ的作用，且迷走神经背核可能是调节途径的重要结构之一。     

卡维地洛治疗高血压血流动力学的急性效应

用二维超声观察12例高血压病患者首次口服卡维地洛后其血流动力学的即刻效应。口服卡维地洛40mg，1h后降压有效率67％，血压平均下降2.8／1．6kPa（21／12mmHg），PSBP＜0．05，PDBP＜0．01。2h后降压有效率100％，血压平均下降3．9／2.1kPa（29／16mmHg），P＜0．01。超声心动图检查发现左心室收缩与舒张末期腔径减少（P＜0．05），心搏出量及总周围血管阻力降低（P＜0．05），平均周径纤维缩短率增加（P＜0．01），心率、心输出量、射血分数、左室小轴缩短率及左室重量指数无变化（P＞0．05）。提示卡维地洛具有动静脉扩张作用，同时改善左心室收缩功能。     

Ghrelin对大鼠胃肠动力的影响

目的:从器官、组织的不同水平测定大鼠Ghrelin作用下胃肠动力的变化。方法:运用BD2000作为胃肠标记物,同时测定胃残留率和小肠推进比;多导生理仪记录大鼠胃窦肌电活动;多导生理仪记录离体大鼠胃体上1/3起搏区[带有ICC(interstitial cells of Caja)的胃肌]和胃窦环行肌肌条收缩波改变。结果:给药组大鼠胃残留量较对照组明显减少,给药组胃电慢波振幅及频率显著高于对照组,快波频率也增多。在组织水平,在Ghrelin作用下给药组离体的动物胃体起搏区及胃窦环行平滑肌肌条收缩幅度明显高于对照组;给药组胃体起搏区肌条的收缩频率与对照组无明显差别;给药组胃窦环行平滑肌条的收缩频率明显高于对照组,与其在体实验中胃排空明显增强,动力升高相吻合。结论:Ghrelin能增强胃肠动力,促进胃排空。     

红霉素、西沙必利治疗新生儿胃轻瘫48例效果比较

目的：探讨红霉素治疗新生儿胃轻瘫的疗效。方法：新生儿48例胃轻瘫经胃动图及钡餐透视诊断，随机分成红霉素组及西沙必利组，并进行疗效评价。结果：经治疗前后胃动图及钡餐透视比较：红霉素组23例恢复正常；西沙比利组21例恢复正常，其中，新生儿2例顽固性胃轻瘫改用红霉素后治愈；2组治疗有效率分别为95．8％、87．5％，两组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：红霉素既对胃肠运动具有胃动素作用，又兼有抗感染作用，治疗新生儿胃轻瘫安全有效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.