肺癌血管内皮生长因子表达的研究

为探讨血管内皮生长因子(VDGF)与肺癌血管形成、转移和增殖活性等因素的关系，采用SP免疫组织化学方法观察VEGF在94例肺癌组织的表达．结果表明．VEGF在肺癌组织表达的阳性率为70.2%，明显高于癌旁正常组织(P＜0．01)，VEGF表达阳性组其激血管计数值和只PCNA标记指数均高于阴性组(P&;lt;0.05)。腺癌VEGF的表达与转移、分期和分级等因素均无关(P＞0.05)；在鳞癌有淋巴结转移组VEGF的阳性率高于无转移组，Ⅲ～Ⅳ期癌高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期癌(P＜0.05)，上述结果提示，VEGF表达与肺癌的发生有关，并能促进肺癌组织中的血管形成．使癌细胞的增殖活性升高；VEGF表达与肺鳞癌淋巴结转移和进展有关．可能是预后不良的标志。     

肺癌MMP-9和VEGF的表达及意义

目的 探讨肺癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及其意义.方法 采用免疫组化S-P法检测20例癌旁正常肺组织、84例肺癌组织中MMP-9和VEGF的表达.结果 肺癌组织MMP-9和VEGF表达显著高于癌旁正常肺组织(P<0.01).小细胞肺癌和腺癌MMP-9表达高于鳞癌(P<0.01).肺癌MMP-9表达有淋巴结转移者高于无淋巴结转移者(19<0.01),Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期(P<0.05).肺癌VEGF表达有淋巴结转移者高于无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05),Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期(P<0.05).肺癌MMP-9和VEGF的表达呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 MMP-9和VEGF表达与肺癌侵袭转移密切相关.     

TPS、CA153、VEGF在乳腺癌患者中的表达

目的:探讨组织多肽特异性抗原(TPS)、糖类抗原153(CA153)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在乳腺癌患者中的表达变化及临床意义.方法:选取医院收治的43例乳腺癌患者作为乳腺癌组,选取同时期乳腺良性疾病40例作为良性疾病组,并选取门诊健康体检者40例作为对照组,比较3组受试者的血清TPS、CA153、VEGF水平.乳腺癌患者均行手术治疗,并分析血清TPS、VEGF、CA153与TNM分期的相关性.结果:乳腺癌组血清TPS、CA153、VEGF水平均明显高于对照组和良性疾病组(P＜0.05);Ⅴ期患者血清TPS、CA153、VEGF水平高于Ⅲ期和Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期,Ⅲ期血清TPS、CA153、VEGF水平高于Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期(P＜0.05);低分化患者血清TPS、CA153、VEGF水平高于高分化和中分化(P＜0.05);有淋巴结转移患者血清TPS、CA153、VEGF水平高于无淋巴结转移患者(P＜0.05);血清TPS、VEGF、CA153与TNM分期均呈显著正相关性(P＜0.05).结论:乳腺癌患者血清TPS、CA153、VEGF水平明显升高,在评估患者病情程度中具有一定临床意义.     

表皮生长因子受体及血管内皮生长因子在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达

目的 观察非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况以及与临床病理特征的关系.方法 采用免疫组化法检测124例NSCLC组织和15例远离肿块无癌细胞浸润的肺组织(距肿瘤病变＞5 cm)标本EGFR、VEGF的表达.结果 EGFR、VEGF在124例NSCLC标本中的阳性表达率分别为52.4％、66.1％,在15例远离肿块无癌细胞浸润的肺组织(距肿瘤病变＞5 cm)均无表达.Ⅲ期NSCLC组织的VEGF表达率为80.4％ (41/51),高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期的56.2％ (41/73)(x2=4.24,P＜0.05);淋巴结阳性的NSCLC组织VEGF表达率为78.2％ (50/64),明显高于淋巴结阴性的53.3％(32/60)(x2=4.77,P＜0.05),VEGF和EGFR表达与病理类型、性别、年龄、肿瘤细胞分化等无关.EGFR与VEGF呈正相关关系(r=0.93,P＜0.05).结论 EGFR、VEGF在NSCLC组织中过表达;VEGF可能与TNM分期及淋巴结转移有关,EGFR与VEGF在NSCLC肿瘤血管形成过程中可能起协同作用.     

非小细胞肺癌环氧化酶Ⅱ表达及意义

目的 探讨环氧化酶Ⅱ(COX-2)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及其与NSCLC发生、发展关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测45例NSCLC组织和癌旁正常组织标本COX-2的表达水平.结果 COX-2在NSCLC组织的表达率为64.4%(26/45),明显高于癌旁正常组织的31.1%(13/45),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).COX-2表达在不同性别、年龄及组织分化间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);COX-2表达在腺癌明显高于鳞癌(P＜0.05),直径＞3 cm肿瘤组织明显高于直径≤3 cm肿瘤组织(P＜0.05),有淋巴结转移者明显高于无淋巴结转移者(P＜0.05),TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期者明显高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期者(P＜0.05).结论 COX-2参与了肺癌发生、发展过程.     

术前血清sICAM-1和VEGF的表达水平对胃癌患者预后的判断价值

目的研究胃癌患者术前血清可溶型细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达与临床病理学参数、术后肿瘤复发和生存率的关系。方法运用ELISA法定量检测sICAM-1和VEGF在胃癌及正常人血清中含量。结果胃癌组术前血清sICAM-1和VEGF水平高于健康人组(P＜0.01),术后1周血清sICAM-1水平显著下降(P＜0.01),VEGF无明显变化(P＞0．05);胃癌组术前血清sICAM-1和VEGF水平,在浆膜侵及者均高于未侵及者(P＜0．05和＜0．01),在TNMⅢ期、Ⅳ期者高于TNMⅠ期、Ⅱ期者(P均＜0．01);伴淋巴结转移组血清sICAM-1水平高于不伴有淋巴结转移组(P＜0．01),血清VEGF水平与淋巴结转移状态无关(P＞0．05);胃癌组术前sICAM-1和VEGF水平高表达者容易出现肿瘤复发(P＜0．005),其二年生存率亦较低表达者低(P＜0．005);两者与患者组织学分型、性别、年龄等无关(P均＞0．05)。结论血清sICAM-1和VEGF可能参与胃癌发生、发展和侵润、转移的调控。联合检测可能有助于预测胃癌是否发生淋巴结转移及侵润程度,可作为术前判断胃癌患者预后的指标。     

舌鳞状细胞癌组织中COX-2、VEGF、MMP-9和Bcl-2表达水平及临床意义

目的 观察舌鳞状细胞癌患者癌组织中环氧化酶-2(C OX-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)的表达水平,并探讨其临床意义.方法 选取2014年2月-2016年2月手术切除的40例舌鳞状细胞癌标本作为观察组,另选取同期40例正常舌黏膜组织标本作为对照组.检测2组COX-2、VEGF、MMP-9和Bcl-2表达水平,分析其与舌鳞状细胞癌临床病理参数的关系以及4种蛋白表达的相关性.结果 观察组COX-2、VEGF、MMP-9和Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达率高于对照组(P＜0.01).COX-2在有淋巴结转移组织中的阳性表达率高于无淋巴结转移组织(P＜0.05);VEGF、MMP-9与Bcl-2在有淋巴结转移与临床分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期组织中的阳性表达率高于无淋巴结转移与临床分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的组织(P＜0.05).COX-2、VEGF、MMP-9、Bcl-2表达水平均呈正相关(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 COX-2、VEGF、MMP-9和Bcl-2蛋白参与舌鳞状细胞癌的生长、转移与侵袭,且四者间可能存在相互协同的作用.     

肺癌患者血清中血管内皮生长因子的表达及与临床分型和分期的关系

目的研究肺癌患者血清中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达及其与临床分型、分期的关系。方法选取承德医市中心医院2010年9月至2013年5月经病理学诊断证实的85例肺癌患者,40例良性疾病患者,40例健康体检者,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血清VEGF。结果肺癌组血清VEGF水平均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;血清VEGF水平在鳞癌和腺癌患者中比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;血清VEGF水平随着临床分期的递增而显著上升,其血清水平为Ⅳ期﹥Ⅲ期﹥I-Ⅱ期,3组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论肺癌患者血清VEGF表达高于健康人群,并与临床分期相关。     

卵巢肿瘤血清VEGF水平和肿瘤组织中MVD的检测

目的:探讨卵巢肿瘤血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平和肿瘤组织中微血管密度(MVD)的表达与其临床病理的关系.方法:对45例卵巢恶性肿瘤、18例卵巢良性肿瘤及12例正常卵巢对照采用ELISA法检测血清VEGF的水平以及LAB免疫组织化学法测定其MVD.结果:①恶性肿瘤患者血清VEGF水平明显高于良性肿瘤和正常卵巢组织(P＜0.05);上皮性癌中晚期癌(Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期)的血清VEGF水平明显高于早期癌(Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期);②恶性肿瘤卵巢组织中MVD明显高于良性肿瘤和正常卵巢组织(P＜0.05).结论:VEGF和MVD可能参与卵巢恶性肿瘤的演化过程,对判断卵巢肿瘤良恶性程度有一定临床意义;血清VEGF可能成为上皮性卵巢癌一种新的肿瘤标记物.     

VEGF在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及意义

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组化(IHC)染色技术检测101例非小细胞肺癌及20例肺良性病变组织VEGF的表达水平并结合临床资料进行综合分析.结果:经χ2检验VEGF在非小细胞肺癌组织和良性病变组织中,两组对比差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).VEGF的表达与组织学类型无关(P＞0.05),VEGF表达水平与NSCLC的TNM分期呈正相关,而与NSCLC组织分化程度无关,与淋巴结转移成正相关,与原发灶大小有关,VEGF的阳性表达与术后生存时间呈负相关具有较强的侵袭和转移能力.结论:VEGF可作为预测NSCLC患者术后复发转移情况及临床预后的生物学参考指标.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.