半腱肌腱转位修复膝内侧副韧带损伤

目的　探讨半腱肌腱转位在附着点上对膝内侧副韧带的断裂进行重建修复的方法和疗效。方法　对 35例膝内侧副韧带断裂患者进行手术治疗 ,采用断端直接修复 ,同时切取半腱肌腱转位在膝内侧副韧带起止点处固定的方法 ,加强修复该韧带。结果　术后随访 1～ 6a ,平均 3年 5个月 ,按改良Lysholmscale评分标准 ,分优、良、可、差四个等级 ,优良率 94 .3% ,疗效满意。结论　膝内侧副韧带损伤应早期手术以获得疗效 ,半腱肌腱止点接近内侧副韧带止点 ,强度好 ,转移后在解剖学位置上加强修复膝内侧副韧带 ,发挥了膝内侧副韧带固有的生物力学效能 ,关节功能恢复满意。     

半腱肌转移加强修复内侧副韧带损伤

[目的]探讨半腱肌转移加强修复膝内侧副韧带断裂疗效.[方法]68例膝内侧副韧带断裂患者进行手术治疗,采用断端直接修补,半腱肌转移技术修复内侧副韧带断裂的方法,加强修复内侧副韧带.[结果]术后随访时间6～12个月,平均9个月.采用改良Lysholm scale[1]评分标准,分优、良、可、差4个等级,优良率93.4%,疗效好.[结论]半腱肌接近内侧副韧带,强度好,转移加强修复内侧副韧带损伤,早期进行功能锻炼,恢复良好的关节稳定性和活动度.     

保留止点半腱肌、股薄肌肌腱重建修复陈旧性髌韧带断裂2例报告

目的探讨利用保留止点半腱肌、股薄肌肌腱重建修复陈旧性髌韧带断裂的的治疗方法和疗效。方法采用保留止点半腱肌、股薄肌腱横穿髌骨隧道后重叠缝合重建髌韧带并加用减张钢丝固定方法治疗2例陈旧性髌韧带断裂。结果2例患者均得到随访,分别随访18个月与24个月。术后2、3、6、12、18个月及2年分别对2例病人进行Lysholm评分,术后1年平均分达到80分以上,显示治疗结果为优。结论对于陈旧性髌韧带断裂患者,取半腱肌及股薄肌对其加强重建辅以钢丝内固定手术为临床操作方便、疗效较为可靠的方法。     

半腱肌肌腱返折悬吊治疗膝内侧副韧带陈旧性损伤

[目的]探讨膝内侧副韧带陈旧性损伤半腱肌肌腱重建的最佳手术方式.[方法]对22例膝内侧副韧带陈旧性损伤采用半腱肌肌腱返折悬吊重建内侧副韧带.[结果]随访16～ 38个月,平均20.2个月,根据《膝内侧副韧带临床效果评定表》进行评定,优、良为手术有效.治疗的总有效例数为21 (95.45％),应用SPSS软件处理,得出P ＜0.01,显示治疗前后有显著性差异,有1例手术后出现折叠肌腱间的缝线断裂,重新手术后恢复良好.[结论]应用半腱肌肌腱返折悬吊重建内侧副韧带,早期功能锻炼,能很好的缓解疼痛,改善膝关节不稳定、松弛等症状体征,获得满意疗效.     

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤修复方法改进

目的　探讨膝关节内侧副韧带损伤修复的新方法 ,以早期获得满意的功能效果。方法　对 11例早期膝关节内侧副韧带损伤患者行椎管麻醉下探查膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的病理改变 ,一期缝合修补断裂韧带 ,并切取 1/ 2宽的半腱肌腱 ,加强修复损伤韧带。 1例陈旧性损伤用股薄肌重建膝内侧副韧带。结果　平均随访 2 5个月 ,优 9例 ,良 2例 ,关节稳定有力 ,B彲ｈｌｅｒ征阴性 ,膝关节活动功能正常 ,恢复原工作。结论 :膝关节内侧副韧带损伤多在止点 ,早期修复为好 ,同时切取邻近腱性结构加强修复 ,更加稳定可靠 ,功能效果恢复较好     

股薄肌肌腱移位结合带线锚钉固定修复膝内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤的临床疗效

目的分析股薄肌肌腱移位结合带线锚钉固定修复膝内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2017年6月于我院手术治疗膝内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤的38例病人的临床资料,均采用股薄肌肌腱移位结合带线锚钉内固定加强修复膝内侧副韧带手术治疗,收集并比较其术前及术后12个月的Lysholm评分、Tegner评分、侧方应力试验结果,以评价其临床疗效。结果术后12个月复查的X线片示所有病人内固定位置良好,均未出现感染,侧方应力试验均转为阴性。38例病人术前的Lysholm评分为(37.48±10.40)分,范围为25~64分,术后改善至(91.30±6.72)分,范围为82~96分,手术前后Lysholm评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.512,P=0.019)。38例病人术前的Tegner评分为(4.25±2.10)分,范围为3~6分,术后改善至(8.52±4.38)分,范围为8~9分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.370,P=0.021)。结论通过股薄肌肌腱移位结合带线锚钉内固定修复治疗膝内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤的临床效果良好。     

关节镜下采用半腱肌和股薄肌肌腱重建后交叉韧带

目的评价四股半腱肌肌腱、两股股薄肌肌腱重建后交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法对12例后交叉韧带断裂患者,在关节镜下采用四股半腱肌肌腱和两股股薄肌肌腱进行重建。结果所有患者随访12～24个月,所有患者术后膝关节不稳定症状消失,胫骨后坠征阴性,后抽屉试验阴性。术后1年,根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分,优10例,良2例,平均积分85±4.1。结论关节镜下采用四股半腱肌肌腱、两股股薄肌肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建后交叉韧带,手术创伤小,重建韧带强度大,临床效果满意。     

关节镜下自体半腱肌、股薄肌肌腱保留残端重建前交叉韧带的疗效

目的探讨关节镜下自体半腱肌、股薄肌肌腱保留残端重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效。方法在关节镜下取自体半腱肌、股薄肌肌腱保留残端重建38例ACL断裂患者。记录术后并发症、膝关节屈曲活动度,采用Lysholm评分评定临床疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~20个月。术后患者均未出现切口感染、腘动脉血管损伤、下肢深静脉血栓、韧带二次断裂、关节失稳等严重合并症。术后1例下肢皮肤痛觉减退,给予营养神经等治疗5 d后逐渐恢复,考虑为术中使用止血带引起的神经损伤。Lysholm评分:术后6个月、1年明显高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后1年明显高于术后6个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。膝关节屈曲活动度末次随访时较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下自体半腱肌、股薄肌肌腱保留残端重建ACL手术破坏性小,术后可以早期愈合,功能恢复良好。     

关节镜下四股半腱肌股薄肌肌腱重建交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下采用可吸收界面螺钉固定四股半腱肌股薄肌肌腱重建交叉韧带的临床疗效.方法 关节镜下采用四股自体半腱肌股薄肌肌腱移植加可吸收螺钉固定法治疗6例交叉韧带损伤患者.结果 6例患者随访10个月,按Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准,术前膝关节功能评分平均为56.7分,术后10个月时为76～96分(平均82.2分).结论 自体四股半腱肌股薄肌肌腱弹性模量与交叉韧带相似,强度大于交叉韧带.植入物为四股,可吸收螺钉固定,固定牢固,生物相容性好.     

自体半腱肌转移解剖重建膝内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤的临床疗效分析

目的探讨自体半腱肌转移解剖重建膝内侧副韧带（MCL）Ⅲ度损伤的手术方法与临床疗效。方法回顾性分析38例膝内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤,采取自体半腱肌转移解剖重建内侧副韧带前纵束与后斜柬。结果术后34例获随访12～38个月,按Lysholm评分法评分：术前平均56．26分,术后12个月平均93．25分,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义fP〈0．05）。根据膝内侧副韧带临床效果评定表进行评定,总有效率97．1％。结论自体半腱肌转移解剖重建膝内侧副韧带能同时恢复膝关节伸直位与屈曲位的稳定性,临床疗效好,是一种可靠的手术方法。     

Rupture of superficial pes anserinus and partial rupture of patellar ligament as rare concomitant lesions of complex knee joint injuries

We present a rare case of combined knee joint lesions in a 25 year old patient. Besides the commonly reported injuries of the knee joint due to directly applied valgus force, forceful quadriceps muscle contraction, external rotation at flexed knee causing combined lesions such as rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament and rupture of the medial collateral ligament, a rare combination of the above mentioned lesions and a rupture of the lateral meniscus, an osteochondral fracture of the lateral femur condylus, a rupture of the medial patellofemoral retinacula as well as a complete rupture of the superficial pes anserinus and a partial rupture of the patellar ligament was encountered.     

自体半腱肌肌腱重建膝内侧副韧带浅层的临床应用

目的分析自体半腱肌肌腱重建膝内侧副韧带浅层治疗陈旧性膝内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤的临床疗效。 方法回顾性研究十堰市太和医院骨1科自2013年4月至2016年4月收治的28例陈旧性Ⅲ度膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的患者,新鲜断裂的内侧副韧带、Ⅰ度和Ⅱ度损伤患者排除。术前应力位拍X片检查可见膝关节内侧间隙较健侧>5 mm,磁共振检查可见膝关节内侧副韧带皱缩或断裂。手术方法为取自体同侧的半腱肌,编织缝合,编织好的肌腱从胫骨的内侧脊前方穿入,从脊的后方穿出。然后将肌腱的两个尾端用导引针穿入股骨隧道,可吸收界面螺钉固定。术后在可调支具保护下行膝关节功能锻炼,术后随访12个月左右,拍摄膝关节内侧应力位片、应用Lyshlom评分、国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC)评分评判采用配对t检验分析比较。 结果患者术后Lyshlom评分(t＝7.449)、IKDC评分(t＝8.915)、膝内侧应力位片开口距离与健侧距离的差值(t＝5.014)均改善,术前术后差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。 结论应用自体半腱肌肌腱重建膝内侧副韧带浅层对治疗膝内侧副韧带陈旧性损伤短期临床效果显著。     

Non-operative management of acute grade III medial collateral ligament injury of the knee: a prospective study

In a prospective study, 25 patients who had acute complete rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the knee with associated anterior cruciate ligament injury were treated by cast bracing and physiotherapy. Their average age was 27.6 years (range 15-53 years) with average follow-up of 24.2 months (range 12-48 months). All 25 patients had good or excellent results, with return to the pre-injury level of sporting activities by 1 year and with restoration of medial stability. This study shows that conservation treatment of this injury can restore stability to the medial side of the knee, even in the presence of anterior cruciate ligament damage.     

急性完全性前交叉韧带损伤的膝关节镜下早期重建治疗

目的　探讨膝关节镜下对急性完全性前交叉韧带 (ACL)断裂的早期重建治疗 ,以尽早恢复膝关节稳定性。　方法　ACL急性断裂早期在关节镜下应用挤压螺钉固定骨 髌腱 (中 1/ 3) 骨复合体自体移植重建ACL ,止点重建或缝合修复治疗内侧副韧带断裂。　结果　 1998年 2月～ 1999年 3月共治疗急性完全性ACL断裂合并内侧副韧带断列患者 10例 ,术后平均随访 10个月 ,近期效果良好。　结论　急性ACL损伤早期可以在关节镜下完成重建 ,手术创伤小 ,治疗及时 ,可同时处理合并损伤 ,能早期恢复膝关节稳定性和运动功能。     

In vivo and in vitro investigation of the long-term behavior and fatigue strength of carbon fiber ligament replacement

The long-term behavior of carbon fiber ligament replacements was evaluated in sheep. In vitro assessments of both isolated carbon fiber prostheses and resected animal ligaments were performed. The right knee in 45 sheep was reconstructed. In 30 animals, only the medical collateral ligaments were replaced, but with different systems of anchorage to bone. In 15 animals, a combined replacement of medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament was performed. In the first group the animals were sacrificed three months postoperation, while in the latter group evaluation was performed one year after surgery. After one year the strength of the medial collateral ligament complex was higher than that of the normal sheep ligaments. The elasticity and extensibility were similar to those of the normal ligaments. No case of partial rupture or rupture of the medial collateral ligament replacements was seen, but four of 12 anterior cruciate replacements showed signs of partial rupture. In vitro testing showed that rupture is more likely to occur where movement occurs around a small radius of bending, and this may be a factor in these cases where the anterior cruciate ligament enters a bony tunnel at an acute angle. Histologic assessment showed good biocompatibility, similar to that reported by other authors. With an operative technique designed to increase the radius of bending where the carbon fiber enters bone, these ligament replacements have a fatigue strength and elasticity adequate for long-term survival.     

Decrease in valgus stiffness after medial knee ligament injury: A 4-year clinical and mechanical follow-up study in 38 patients

The clinical outcome after partial rupture of the medial collateral knee ligament is reported to be good, but there is a lack of objective assessment of persistent valgus laxity. We prospectively followed 38 consecutive patients with an isolated partial medial ligament rupture. After diagnostic arthroscopy, all patients were treated by early functional rehabilitation. At 4 years, besides clinical routine laxity tests, varus/valgus rotation, internal/external tibial rotation, initial and endpoint valgus stiffnesses, initial and endpoint internal/external rotational stiffnesses were measured by instrumented computerized passive motion analysis (Genucom). Most patients had normal knee function and muscle strength as early as 3 months after injury and returned to their pre-injury activity level without problems. At 4 years, 2 knees had minor residual valgus laxity at the manual examination, all other knees appeared stable. The instrumented tests also showed equal varus/valgus rotations and internal/external rotational stiffnesses in injured and healthy knees, but a decrease in the initial valgus stiffness and a decrease in the internal/external tibial rotation of the injured knee.     

Clinical and radiological long-term results after primary knee ligament surgery

A total of 77 patients were reviewed 2 to 7 years (average 40 months) after primary operative treatment of an acute knee ligament injury. Fifty percent of the injuries occurred during sports events, the other causes were traffic in 29% of cases and accidents at work, home etc. in 21% of the cases. Cross-country skiing was the cause in half of the sports accidents. There were two annual peaks in the distribution of the injuries: January-March (40% of the cases) and August-October (29%). The total number of operations increased steeply during our observation period; 57% of the operations were performed from 1980 to 1981. The most common types of injury were a combination rupture of the anterior cruciate and the medial collateral ligaments (36% of the cases) and a medial collateral ligament rupture alone (31%). According to the follow-up study, excellent or good results were obtained in 59% of the cases and fair or poor in 41%. The pathological clinical and radiological changes after knee ligament injury accumulated markedly under some specific findings. Characteristic of the patients with excellent healing results was that they were younger, received isolated ligament injury and played a great amount of sport, and of the patients with fair or poor results that they were older, received combined ligament injury, suffered quadriceps muscle atrophy and had diminished sporting activity.     

Early expression of marker genes in the rabbit medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments: the use of different viral vectors and the effects of injury.

Gene therapy is a technique that may offer advantages over current methods of cytokine delivery to ligaments. To determine if implanted genes could be expressed in normal and injured knee ligaments, the medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament were studied in 18 rabbits. A retroviral ex vivo technique using allograft medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and an adenoviral in vivo technique were compared as methods for delivering the LacZ marker gene to knee ligaments. Bilateral knee surgeries were performed, and the rabbits were equally divided into three groups. Group 1 received the retrovirus and the medial collateral ligament was ruptured, Group 2 received the adenovirus and the medial collateral ligament was ruptured, and Group 3 received the adenovirus and the medial collateral ligament was not injured. The anterior cruciate ligament was not injured in any group. The medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments of the right knees received 10(6) allografted, transduced ligament fibroblasts or 10(9) adenovirus particles, whereas the ligaments of the left knee received a similar volume of saline solution only. Equal numbers of rabbits were killed at 10 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks following the procedure. Ligament samples were stained with X-gal to detect the expression of the LacZ gene product, beta-galactosidase. LacZ gene expression was evident in ruptured and uninjured medial collateral ligaments as well as in the anterior cruciate ligament. The expression lasted between 10 days and 3 weeks in the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments with use of the retrovirus and between 3 and 6 weeks in the medial collateral ligament and at least 6 weeks in the anterior cruciate ligament with the adenovirus. The length of gene expression in the ruptured and uninjured medial collateral ligaments did not differ. These preliminary studies indicate that gene transfer to normal and injured knee ligaments is possible.