化妆品中铅的流动注射-氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定

目的建立流动注射-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定化妆品中铅的方法。方法样品经高压消解后，选用以重铬酸钾-铁氰化钾为氧化剂与盐酸作介质的分析溶液混合进行氧化反应发生铅烷，氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定化妆品样品中铅。结果对各种分析条件进行优化和探讨。方法线性范围为0～50μg／L，检出限为0．12μg／L。应用于实际样品的检测．加标回收率在99．0％～103．0％，RSD为1．8％～3．6％。结论实际样品的中铅的测定，取得满意结果。     

氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定尿中砷

本文提供了一个尿砷的氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法。改进了氢化物发生装置,该发生器具有操作简便快速,重现性好,记忆效应小等特点,系统地研究了砷化氢发生的反应条件及原子化条件,确定了最佳实验参数。方法精密度和准确度好,适用于尿砷的常规分析。用本法对120例正常人尿液进行分析,尿砷含量范围为7.5～249μg/L(95％可信上限为108)。建议尿砷正常值暂订为110μg/L     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定茶水中砷和汞

目的 建立同时测定茶水中砷和汞的氢化物发生-原子荧光法.方法 采用硝酸-高氯酸微机消解仪恒温消解.结果 砷和汞的线性检测范围分别为0～50μg/L和0～2μg/L.方法 检出限分别为0.042μg/L和0.038μg/L,样品加标回收率分别为92.3%～102.0%、92.5%～98.8%.结论 本法适用批量样品消解,同时测定砷和汞含量的优点,方法简单、快速、灵敏度高、检出限低,节省试剂,结果可靠,仪器性能稳定,适合茶水中痕量砷、汞的检测分析.     

流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收分光光度法测定水中微量锡

目的 快速准确检测水中微量锡。方法 流动注射氢化物发生-原子吸收分光光度法。结果 r=0．9988．检出限0.35μg／L，RSD2．3％～9．5％，回收率93．6％-107．7％。结论 本法具有灵敏度高，选择性强，简便快速，适合于基层化验室。     

流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定酱油中砷

目的:寻找一种既节省原料又方便快捷的测定砷的方法.方法:采用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收法测定酱油中砷.结果:方法的检出限是0.014ng/ml,线性范围是0～20ng/ml,变异系数是2.8%～11.7%.结论:用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收法测定酱油中砷具有操作简便,灵敏度高,精密度和准确度好等优点.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中微量铝

目的采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,加入重铬酸钾基体改进剂,测定水中微量铝。方法通过改进铝的灰化温度、原子化温度以及基体改进剂来测定水中铝的含量。结果本方法检出限为0．85μg/L,相关系数为0．9996;线性范围为0～100μg／L;相对标准偏为1．08％～1．4％,加标回收率为91％-102％。结论显示研究方法干扰少,灵敏度高,精密度和准确度均能满足测定要求,适合水样中铝的测定。     

湿法消解氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定尿中砷

目的建立原子荧光光谱法测定尿砷浓度的方法。方法尿样品经混合酸消化后,加入硫脲和抗坏血酸使五价砷预还原为三价砷,再加入硼氢化钠或硼氢化钾还原生成砷化氢,由氩气载入石英原子化器中分解为原子态砷,在砷空心阴极灯发射的光的激发下产生原子荧光,荧光强度可与标准系列比较定量。分析样品的消化、预还原剂浓度、还原剂浓度、酸度等因素对测定的影响。结果砷的浓度在0.0～50.0μg/L内线性关系较好,相关系数为0.999 0～0.999 9;最低检出限为0.068μg/L;相对标准偏差为2.1%～3.1%;加标回收率为92.5%～102.0%。结论湿法消解氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定尿砷具有操作简单、实用、快速、准确、灵敏度高、基体干扰少,便于推广运用,特别适用于大批量人尿砷的测定。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定丹参、川芎中的铅

目的：建立中药丹参、川芎中铅的测定方法。方法：采用HNO3-H2O2体系和高压釜消解中药样品，应用AFS-2202a型双道原子荧光分光光度计和断续流动的氢化物发生技术，进行样品中铅含量测定。结果：丹参中铅含量为18．72μg／g，川芎中铅含量为17．74μg／g。铅的检出限为0．08μg／L，回收率89．2％～106．6％。结论：该方法用于中药样品中铅的测定简便、快速、灵敏，结果满意。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定食品中砷

目的：建立简便、快速、灵敏的测定食品中砷的测定方法。方法：采用原子荧光法测定食品中的砷。结果：砷在0～10．00μg／L范围内线性关系较好,回归方程Y=156．28x-22．45,相关系数r=0．9991,检出限为0．11μg／L,加标回收率为94％～105％,RSD在2．1％～3．5％之间。结论：本方法快速、准确、灵敏、简便,适用于食品样品中砷的测定。     

微波消解－原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的铅和镉

目的：建立微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅和镉含量的方法。方法利用硝酸－盐酸－氢氟酸作消解液,土壤样品经微波消解,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅和镉的含量。结果在优化实验条件下,铅（2．0～50μg／L）、镉（0．1～1．0μg／L）的吸光度（A）与浓度（C）呈良好的线性关系（r值分别为0．9962,0．9971,）,检出限分别为1．48μg／L和0．062μg／L ,回收率为92．40％～102．6％,RSD为2畅63％～5畅62％。结论该方法样品处理效率高、准确性好,用于土壤中铅和镉的测定,结果令人满意。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.