The trophic influence of the salivary glands on the oral mucosa

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 2, pp. 139–140, February, 1993.     

The role of salivary glands in the removal of excessive blood plasma norepinephrine

Standard high-performance liquid chromatography was used to study the contents of epinephrine and norepinephrine in rat submaxillary salivary glands, oral cavity mucosa, and in saliva during background and evoked secretion as well as in plasma after parenteral injection of norepinephrine solution. The pilocarpine-induced stimulation of secretory function of the salivary glands increases epinephrine content in the oral cavity mucosa, while in the salivary gland its concentration decreases, although the norepinephrine content remains at the control level. The concentrations of these amines do not vary in saliva, but their release with saliva increases. Presumably, the salivary glands accumulate and release catecholamines during the secretion cycle. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 15–17, January, 1998     

Role of saliva in supply of esophageal and gastric mucosa by catecholamines

Norepinephrine and epinephrine contents in oral, esophageal, and gastric mucosa are studied in rats by high-performance liquid chromatography 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after removal of the main salivary glands. A 24-h deficiency of saliva leads to a sharp decrease in the norepinephrine contents in oral and esophageal mucosa. Three days after the surgery, norepinephrine content is normalized in the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The most pronounced changes in the contents of both catecholamines in the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract were observed on day 7. Severe insufficiency of salivation caused pronounced phasic changes in the catecholamine contents, indicating that the mucosa of the esophagus and lesser and greater curvatures of the stomach receive catecholamines from saliva. Insufficient supply of saliva leads to the development of inflammatory and dystrophic processes in esophageal and gastric mucosa. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 143–145, February, 1998     

Effect of stimulation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors on norepinephrine accumulation in esophageal and gastric mucosa in rats

An hour and half after injection of norepinephrine its concentration in the mucosa of the lesser curvature of the stomach increases and in the greater curvature decreases. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors with pilocarpine leads to a marked rise of norepinephrine concentration in the esophageal mucosa and in the mucosa of the lesser curvature. It is supposed that stimulation of muscarinic receptors of the gastrointestinal tract after injection of exogenous norepinephrine induces accumulation of this transmitter in structures with abundant cholinergic innervation. Selective norepinephrine accumulation in the mucosa of the esophagus and lesser gastric curvature is apparently due to its high permeability for norepinephrine contained in saliva. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp. 378–379, April, 1998     

Ultrastructure of epitheliocytes oral mucosa from washings

Electron microscopy of the main forms of epitheliocytes in washings from the oral cavity of patients with contact denture stomatitis and denture intolerance showed that most epitheliocytes were in a state of parakeratosis. These data are important for dynamic evaluation of the oral mucosa status during orthodontic treatment. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 352–355, March, 2000     

Catecholamines and their metabolites in the brain and urine of rats with experimental Parkinson's disease

The content of catecholamines and their metabolites in the brain and the relationship between cerebral catecholamine levels and their urinary excretion were studied in rats with 6-OHDA-induced hemiparkinsonism. 6-OHDA reduced brain concentrations of dopamine, DOPAC, and homovanilic acid and urinary excretion of dopamine, dioxyphenilalanine, and DOPAC by more than 90%. A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of these metabolites in the urine and striatum. Measurement of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites is a perspective test for evaluating the status of the dopaminergic nigrosostriate system of the brain in experimental parkinsonism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 8, pp. 223–227, August, 2000     

Effect of malaben on catecholamine content in organs of animals with experimental myocardial infarction

The content of adrenalin and noradrenalin was determined in tissues of the heart, adrenals, spleen, and brain of rats with experimental myocardial infarction. A considerable fall in the tissue catecholamine level was found. Malaben restores the normal catecholamine content in the tissues in myocardial infarction, posibly as a result of the antihitamine properties of the compound.Department of Pharmacology, Leningrad Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 49–51, July, 1977.     

Reaction of oral mucosa depends on surface physicochemical characteristics of acrylic resins of plate dentures

The reactions of oral mucosa (denture bed) contacting with removable plate dentures made of acrylic resins were studied. The reaction depended on physicochemical characteristics of denture surface. Glow discharge treatment of denture improved their hygienic characteristics and biocompatibility. Microscopic study of oral mucosa scrapings from patients with modified dentures showed normalization of cytogram and increased keratinization index. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 109–112, January, 2000     

Cytological analysis of surface epithelial layers of oral mucosa

Various methods of cytological analysis of surface epithelial layers of the buccal mucosa are compared in patients in need of dentures. Different informative value of cytological prints, scrapings, and washings off the oral cavity for analysis of exfoliated epitheliocytes is shown. The described methods help to evaluate the regeneration potentialities of the buccal mucosa epitheliaum in the course of treatment. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 113–116, January, 2000     

Effect of glucocorticoids on catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals and heart of rats during physical fatigue

The effect of adrenocortical hormones on catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals and heart of rats was studied after prolonged swimming (8 h). Catecholamine synthesis during incubation of the adrenals with L-tyrosine was sharply depressed after swimming. Addition of hydrocortisone or prednisolone in vitro (50 g per sample) and also injection of these hormones in vivo (50 mg/kg intramuscularly, 3 h before decapitation) increased catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals of the swimming rats but not of intact rats. On incubation of the adrenals of swimming rats in the presence of L-dopa and L-noradrenalin catecholamine synthesis was reduced compared with that in intact animals and was not restored on the addition of glucocorticoids. No stimulating effect of aldosterone on catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals could be detected in the presence of L-tyrosine. On incubation of the heart tissue of swimming rats in the presence of L-tyrosine and L-dopa, catecholamine synthesis was depressed and was not restored by glucocorticoids invitro or in vivo. It is concluded that glucocorticoids can restore catecholamine synthesis when depressed by intensive physical fatigue by acting on the tyrosine hydroxylase stage.Laboratory of Sport Endocrinology, All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Physical Culture, Moscow. (Presented by Academician V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 11–13, July, 1977.     

Effect of mesodiencephalic modulation on small intestinal mucosa after massive blood loss in rats

Effect of mesodiencephalic modulation on small intestinal mucosa was studied in rats subjected to massive blood loss. Massive blood loss induced structural changes in intestinal epitheliocytes typical of tissue hypoxia: intraintestinal edema, mitochondrial alterations, and microcirculation disturbances. A single session of mesodiencephalic stimulation carried out 60 min after massive blood loss produced a pronounced adaptive effect, restored disturbed structure of the intestinal villi, and induced compensatory hypertrophy of the mitochondria. This suggests that mesodiencephalic modulation promotes normalization of intracellular energy metabolism, improves the absorption capacity of bordered enterocytes, and restores the disturbed intestinal barrier. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 519–523, November, 2000     

Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on some functional and morphological properties of the heart and on catecholamine metabolism in compensatory hypertrophy of the myocardium

Less-marked hypertrophy and signs of myocardial degeneration developed in rabbits exposed for one month to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) after the formation of stenosis of the ascending aorta, and the contractile power of the left ventricle was increased more than in animals with stenosis of the aorta kept under ordinary conditions. In rabbits with hypertrophy of the heart developing under conditions of HBO increased powers of adaptation of the myocardium to physical exertion were accompanied by an increase in the functional reserve of the sympathetic control apparatus. HBO evidently favors the development of optimal adaptation of the heart to an increased pressure load.Department of Hyperbaric Oxygenation, All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Moscow. (Presented by Academician B. V. Petrovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 19–22, July, 1977.     

Ultrastructural analysis and autoradiography of the gastric mucosa in chronic gastroduodenal ulcer

The mucosa of the fundal and pyloric portions of the stomach in chronic gastroduodenal ulcer is shown to exhibit structural and functional heterogeneity. Regularities of the regenerative-plastic reactions in the epithelium are revealed from the indexes of³H-uridine and³H-thymidine incorporation. Inflammatory-sclerotic changes of the gastric mucosa showed different proliferative and metabolic activity of epitheliocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 198–202, August, 1994 Presented by L. D. Sidorova, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Interrelationship between the membrane potential of adrenocorticocytes and functional activity of the adrenal glands in adult and old rats

Experiments on adult (5–7 months old) and old (28–30 months old) male rats reveal that ACTH induces a hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane of adrenocorticocytes from the fasciculate zone in both age groups of animals 24 hours after a single administration of the hormone. Actinomycin D, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, prevents the development of hyperpolarization. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, № 3, pp. 302–303, March, 1994 Presented by D. F. Chebotarev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.