缬沙坦和培哚普利对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心室重塑和心功能的影响

目的 :观察血管紧张素 受体拮抗剂缬沙坦和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂培哚普利对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心室重塑和心功能的影响。方法 :5 6例慢性充血性心力衰竭患者在常规治疗基础上随机分成两组 ,缬沙坦组加用缬沙坦 80 mg/d和培哚普利组加用培哚普利 4mg/d。在治疗前和治疗 6个月后分别测定心功能 ( NYHA分级 ) ,心脏彩色超声测定左室射血分数 ( LVEF)、左室收缩末容积 ( LVESV)、左室舒张末容积 ( LVEDV)、测试6min步行距离。结果 :治疗 6个月后 ,两组心功能 ( NYHA分级 )、6min步行距离较治疗前明显改善 ,左室射血分数上升 ,左室收缩末容积明显下降 ,左室舒张末容积下降。结论 :缬沙坦和培哚普利可明显改善 CHF患者左室重塑和心功能。     

米力农治疗重度心衰患者对左室重构及血液相关指标的影响

目的:研究米力农治疗重度心力衰竭患者对左室重构以及相关血液指标的影响。方法:观察左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左室射血分数(LVEF),比较血清BNP和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统变化。结果:治疗10d后米力农组LVEDD、LVESD、LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF均较常规治疗组改善明显,血清BNP和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统水平下降。结论:米力农能明显改善重度心衰患者左心室功能和形态,能改善心室重构,从而改善患者的预后。     

培哚普利和氯沙坦治疗心肌梗死抑制心肌重构的前瞻性随机对比研究

目的：比较血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）培哚普利和血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）受体拮抗剂氯沙坦治疗冠心病心肌梗死抑制左室重构的效果。方法：将277例冠心病心肌梗死患者随机分为常规治疗组64例、培哚普利治疗组108例、氯沙坦治疗组105例，并于治疗前及治疗一年后分别进行超声心动图，测定左室内径、左室肌重量指数和左室射血分数等指标，并对患者的心功能在相应时间进行NYHA评级，以了解三者对心肌梗死患者左室心功能的影响和左室重构的阻抑作用，同时对服药的耐受性进行观察记录。结果：一年后培哚普利组和氯沙坦组与常规治疗组比较室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室舒张末内径、左室舒张末期容积和左室心肌重量指数均明显降低；与治疗前比较，培哚普利组和氯沙坦组LVEF有明显提高，与常规治疗组比较，左室射血分数分别增加8．58和8．91（20．6％和21．5％）；培哚普利组和氯沙坦组心衰评级明显改善，而常规治疗组在上述指标上有加重趋势；培哚普利组与氯沙坦组间各主要指标的在相同时期比较差异无显著性，但培哚普利组在咳嗽副作用上高于氯沙坦及常规治疗组；常规治疗组有较高死亡率。结论：ACEI类药物培哚普利和AngⅡ受体拮抗剂氯沙坦均能明显减轻心肌梗死后心肌肥厚和左室重塑，阻抑左室重塑过程，提高左室收缩的同步性，改善左室功能，改善预后，且其效果相近。     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂卡托普利治疗心力衰竭的临床观察

目的 探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）卡托普利治疗心力衰竭的临床效果。方法应用卡托普利6．25±12．5mg,3次／d．连用4周。结果治疗前心脏指数（CI）为（2．10±0．47）、心脏每分射血量（c0）为（3．12±0．21）L／min、左室射血分数（LVEF）（38．58±4．6）％、左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）为（124．40±11．20）mL、左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）为（202．30±12．60）mL,治疗后心脏指数（cI）为（2．89＋0．40）、心脏每分射血量（CO）为（4．75±0．32）L／min、左室射血分数（LVEF）为（50．02±5．02）％、左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）为（71．50±8．70）mL、左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）为（146．80±10．20）mL,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,显效36例,显效率为66．7％,有效14例,有效率为25．9％,无效4例,无效率为7．4％,总有效率为92．6％。结论血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂卡托普利治疗心力衰竭疗效显著,值得推广。     

缬沙坦治疗心功能不全临床观察

目的探讨血管紧张素(Ang)II受体拮抗剂缬沙坦在治疗心功能不全中的临床疗效。方法选择NYHA心功能分级为II-V级、左室射血分数(LVEF)≤50%的患者60例,随机分为缬沙坦和卡托普利组,于服药前及服药6个月后观察临床症状,超声心动图。结果2组用药后左室射血分数(LVEF),心输出量(CO),心脏指数(CI)及左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)等指标均有改善(P<0.05)。结论缬沙坦和卡托普利均能改善左心室收缩舒张功能。     

美托洛尔联合卡托普利治疗48例扩张型心肌病临床观察

目的观察美托洛尔联合卡托普利治疗扩张型心肌病（DCM）的临床效果。方法 48例DCM患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组为24例患者,在常规治疗基础上,观察组给予美托洛尔联合卡托普利,对照组仅给予美托洛尔治疗,用药并随访6个月。治疗前、后检测血清电解质、肾功能以及做超声心动图等检查。结果治疗6个月后两组左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）均有显著改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论美托洛尔联合卡托普利治疗DCM的疗效优于单用美托洛尔,有利于改善心功能以及心脏结构。     

ACEI合用钙拮抗剂对左室肥厚及心功能的影响

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）和钙离子拮抗剂（CaA）合用对改善左室肥厚（LVH）及对心功能的影响。方法52例高血压伴LVH患者，随机分成A、B两组，A组给予卡托普利75—150mg／d，B组给予尼群地平20～30mg／d及卡托普利50～100mg／d。分别于用药后3、6个月进行超声心动图检查，采用Devereux倡导的公式计算左室重量，再除以体表面积得出LVMI及心功能指标。结果两组降压幅度无显著差异（P〉0．05），两组患者用药后6个月均显示逆转LVH，B组较A组更为显著（P〈0．05），B组对LVH逆转出现在治疗后3个月，提示尼群地平与卡托普利合用，对LVH逆转效果可能有协同作用，两组E／A比值显著增加，B组较A组显著提示随着LVH的逆转，左室舒张功能亦改善。结论血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）和钙离子拮抗剂（CaA）合用对改善左室肥厚（LVH）及心功能比单一用药显著。     

卡托普利与螺内酯联合治疗高血压性心力衰竭

高血压是心力衰竭常见的病因，导致心力衰竭发生发展的基本机制是心室重塑，肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RASS）在心室重塑中起关键作用。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）和醛固酮拮抗剂均是治疗高血压和心力衰竭的有效药物。ACEI和醛固酮拮抗剂均可有效地对抗RAA的激活，但是单独用ACEI3～12个月即出现所谓‘醛固酮逃逸’现象。我们采用ACEI卡托普利与醛固酮拮抗剂螺内酯联合治疗高血压性心力衰竭60例，疗效较好，报道如下。     

氯沙坦钾治疗慢性心力衰竭35例效果观察

目的 观察血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂氯沙坦钾治疗慢性心力衰竭(cHF)的效果.方法 把35例CHF患者在用药前按NYHA(纽约心脏病协会)标准心功能分级随机分为治疗组和对照组.在对照组常规治疗的基础上加用氯沙坦钾25～50mg/d,平均现察4个月.结果 治疗组心功能改善优于对照组(P＜0.05).两组治疗前后血压、SV(每搏输出量)、CO(心排出量)、LVEF(左室射血分数)差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 氯沙坦钾用于CHF效果确切,不良反应少,可作为一线用药.     

螺内酯联合依那普利治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭

目的评价醛固酮拮抗剂螺内酯联合血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂依那普利治疗缺血性心肌病(ICM)心力衰竭的有效性和安全性.方法以120例ICM心力衰竭患者做研究对象,按随机化原则分为观察组(60例)和对照组(60例).观察组为螺内酯联合依那普利,加上常规用药(地高辛、双氢克尿噻、消心痛);对照组为依那普利,加上常规用药(地高辛、双氢克尿噻、消心痛).治疗6周后复查两组的动态心电图、超声心动图.结果治疗后两组的左室射血分数(LVEF)均有增加,左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)均有减少,24小时室性早搏数(VA)也均有减少;但观察组与对照组比较,各指标差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).两组均未发现高血钾及肝肾功能损害.结论在ICM心力衰竭常规用药基础上,加用螺内酯联合依那普利的治疗有效、安全,可显著改善左室重塑和防治猝死.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.