广州市儿童个人过敏原与哮喘症状及气道高反应性的相关性研究

目的 探讨广州在校儿童中个人过敏原与哮喘症状及气道高反应性(BHR)间的关系，明确个人过敏原在儿童哮喘进展中的作用．方法 采用整群抽样的方法，对广州市l0岁在校学龄儿童应用ISAAC(the Intemational Study of Asthma and Allergies of Childhood)第二阶段研究方案进行研究，内容包括家长书面问卷(n=3565)，皮肤过敏原点刺试验(n=1094)及乙酰甲胆碱支气管激发试验(n=177)．结果 问卷调查近期喘息率为3．4％，特应性阳性率为30．8％。过敏原阳性率以尘螨最高，其次为蟑螂。第三为猫毛．多因素logistic回归分析显示。特应性(即≥1种过敏原阳性)不是儿童近期喘息及(BHR)独立的危险因素，屋尘螨、粉尘螨与近期喘息及(BHR)显著相关，猫毛与近期喘息也有显著的关联性，蟑螂过敏与近期喘息及(BHR)均无关．结论 广州市儿童特应性并非哮喘症状及BHR独立的危险因素，尘螨仍是当前广州市儿童哮喘的主要病因之一．     

藜草花粉过敏与支气管哮喘的研究

为了确定藜草花粉过敏原对哮喘患者的致敏作用。对外源性哮喘患者用藜草花粉过敏原进行了皮肤挑刺试验（SPT）和支气管激发试验（BPT）。结果藜草花粉SPT阳性者为28.2％,18例BPT阳性者中,14例出现哮鸣音。藜草花粉BPT与SPT的符合率为85％。提示藜草花粉过敏原是我国哮喘患者的一个重要吸入性过敏原。     

2012年国家级继续教育项目“儿童免疫性疾病研讨班及新技术新项目推广应用会议”

2012年国家级继续教育项目“儿童风湿及免疫性疾病研讨班及新技术新项目推广应用会议”[2012-06-01-016（国）]定于2012年12月21～24日在广东省广州市珠江新城召开。本次学习班将邀请国内10余名知名专家授课，主要内容包括：幼年特发性关节炎及巨噬细胞活化综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、过敏性紫癜、川崎病、呼吸道过敏、消化道过敏、皮肤过敏、免疫缺陷病等疾病的诊断治疗新进展，过敏原检测及脱敏治疗的应用.     

广州市儿童个人过敏原与哮喘症状及气道高反应性的相关性研究

目的探讨广州在校儿童中个人过敏原与哮喘症状及气道高反应性(BHR)间的关系, 明确个人过敏原在儿童哮喘进展中的作用.方法采用整群抽样的方法,对广州市10岁在校学龄儿童应用ISAAC(the International Study of Asthma and Allergies of Childhood)第二阶段研究方案进行研究,内容包括家长书面问卷(n=3565),皮肤过敏原点刺试验(n=1094)及乙酰甲胆碱支气管激发试验(n=177).结果问卷调查近期喘息率为3.4%,特应性阳性率为30.8%,过敏原阳性率以尘螨最高,其次为蟑螂,第三为猫毛.多因素 logistic回归分析显示,特应性(即≥1种过敏原阳性)不是儿童近期喘息及(BHR)独立的危险因素,屋尘螨、粉尘螨与近期喘息及(BHR)显著相关,猫毛与近期喘息也有显著的关联性,蟑螂过敏与近期喘息及(BHR)均无关.结论广州市儿童特应性并非哮喘症状及BHR独立的危险因素,尘螨仍是当前广州市儿童哮喘的主要病因之一.     

牧区蒙族儿童行为问题的流行病学调查

牧区蒙族儿童行为问题的流行病学调查内蒙古精神卫生中心李秀连，王文瑞，萨仁塔娜，张云艳，白永贵指导老师：赵竹林儿童行为问题发达国家报告已累积学龄儿童的５～１５％￣（１－２），我国王玉凤报道￣（３、４），北京市城区教师问卷儿童行为问题检出率为８．３４％。...     

848例儿童过敏性疾病血清样本过敏原检测分析

目的 通过对过敏性疾病血清样本过敏原检测结果分析,初步了解现阶段儿童过敏性疾病中过敏原的种类及特点,为临床预防和治疗过敏性疾病提供参考.方法 采用德国Mediwiss过敏原体外检测系统,对848份过敏性儿童的血清样本进行总IgE和19种过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)定量检测.结果 848份过敏患儿血清样本中总IgE阳性率为83.96％,19种过敏原检测阳性率为76.77％,最常见的过敏原是点青霉(246例,29.0％)、牛奶(211例,24.9％)、羊肉(119例,14.0％)、猫毛、狗毛(110例,13.0％)、鸡蛋白、蛋黄(87例,11.3％);在＜3、4～6、7～10岁,不同年龄段儿童过敏原物质检出率存在差异性及相关性.结论 北京地区过敏性疾病儿童最主要的过敏原是尘螨,其次是牛奶、猫狗毛皮屑、鸡蛋白;不同年龄段,儿童过敏原检出存在差异,在不同过敏原之间又有一定的相关性.     

北京市城区1994名学龄儿童感觉统合失调的调查报告

本文对北京市城区１９９４名学龄儿童进行感觉统合失调的调查。结果表明：感觉统合严重失调率为１０．３％；其中男孩感觉统合失调率（１４．６％）明显高于女孩（６．４％）；各年龄组间感觉统合失调率无明显差异。在行为问题儿童中有３４．２％伴有严重的感觉统合失调；学习成绩差儿童的感觉统合失调率明显地高于学习成绩中等和优秀者。感觉统合失调与父母受教育水平、家庭关系、父母期待等因素有关。     

上海市区学龄儿童行为问题及相关因素研究

目的：研究学龄儿童的行为问题及相关因素。方法：用Ｒｕｔｔｅｒ儿童行为问卷及自编的相关调查表对上海市区小学一年组至初中二年级（７－１４岁）学生８６１名,男４４５名,女４１６名进行调查,结果：显示行为问题父母问检出率为６．３％,教师问检出率为１０．５％。相关分析表明,Ａ因子两问卷均与性别有关,父母问卷还与母孕期健康状况有关。Ｎ因子在教师问卷中有与儿童照料者,考试压力、课外读书环境有关;在父母问卷中与考     

几种常用的过敏原提取溶液对户尘螨放射过敏原吸附抑制实验荧光值的影响

目的 探讨几种常用的过敏原提取溶液对户尘螨（Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus）放射过敏原吸附抑制实验（RAST抑制实验）荧光值的影响。方法 将20例户尘螨过敏患者血清等量混合成阳性血清。其RAST实验荧光值为12505～24776。提取溶液分别是：SDS、PBS、NH4HCO3和Coca’S液。采用UniCAP 100过敏原检测系统进行RAST实验。结果 当SDS浓度为≥0．25％时,户尘螨过敏原RAST荧光值下降〉5％;当PBS浓度为1mol／L,0．1mol／L,0．01mol／L时,户尘螨过敏原RAST荧光值分别下降9．2％,2．9％和0．9％;用0．125mol／LNH4HCO3时,户尘螨过敏原RAST荧光值下降4．5％;使用Coca’s液时,户尘螨过敏原RAST荧光值下降3．4％。结论 在进行过敏原提取后,使用助溶剂复溶过敏原沉淀进行RAST抑制实验时,应当重视表面活性剂（如SDS）对RAST抑制实验的影响。另外,常用的0．1mol／L和0．01mol／L PBS,对RAST抑制实验无显著影响。Coca’s液和NH4HCO3对RAST抑制实验影响也不大。     

中山市暗娼性病或性病相关症状的发生率及其影响因素

目的获得广东省中山市暗娼（female sex workers,FSWs）性病或性病相关症状的发生情况（简称性病发生）及其影响因素,为性病的科学防治提供依据。方法2009年,在中山市9个镇区通过外展服务的方式招募FSWs,对其进行面对面的问卷调查,并抽取其静脉血进行HIV抗体检测和梅毒血清学试验,采用SPSS进行数据分析。结果共招募543名FSWs,HIV和梅毒抗体阳性率分别为0．18％（1／543）和0．92％（5／543）。最近1年,FSWs性病发生率为45．2％（235／520）。多因素Logistic回归模型提示,来自低档场所、饮酒是性病发生的危险因素,而FSWs自己决定安全套的使用、第一次性行为年龄晚是保护因素。结论中山市暗娼艾滋病尚处于低流行阶段,但是性病发生率高,存在多种导致艾滋病流行的危险因素;在下一步的干预工作中,应将性病防治与艾滋病防治结合起来,对来自于街头、洗脚屋、发廊、路边店等低档场所的FSWs给予重点关注。     

Prevalence of allergy and anaphylactic symptoms in 210 adult and pediatric patients with mastocytosis in Spain: a study of the Spanish network on mastocytosis (REMA)

BACKGROUND: Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in allergic diseases through the release of inflammatory mediators, which are responsible of allergic symptoms. Mastocytosis is characterized by an abnormal proliferation and accumulation of mast cells, in which mediators are released intermittingly or continuously. Despite these clinical similarities, few studies have addressed the presence of allergic symptoms in mastocytosis patients, including anaphylaxis. OBJECTIVE: A prospective evaluation was carried out to study the prevalence of allergic diseases in patients with mastocytosis and their impact on the natural history of mastocytosis. METHODS: A questionnaire was given to 210 patients with mastocytosis to evaluate the history of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and anaphylaxis. Patients underwent total IgE, Phadiatop infant (aeroallergens and food allergens), specific IgE to latex and to Anisakis simplex determinations. Skin tests were done to 72 patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of allergy, as defined by clinical symptoms associated to specific IgE, was 23.9%. Total IgE level was significantly higher in patients with allergy as compared with patients without allergy (median 58 vs. 16.5 kU/L, P<0.0001). Anaphylactic symptoms were present in 36 patients (22%), in nine the allergen was identified. Males had more allergy and anaphylactic symptoms than females (61.5% vs. 38.5% and 72% vs. 28%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Allergic diseases coexist in patients with mastocytosis with similar frequency as compared with the general population. Anaphylactic symptoms are more prevalent in males with mastocytosis and in patients with elevated IgE. CAPSULE SUMMARY: The prevalence of allergy in mastocytosis is similar to the general population. Anaphylactic symptoms are more prevalent in males and in patients with elevated IgE. The coexistence of atopy does not influence mastocytosis-associated symptoms.     

Trends in hospitalizations for anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria in Australia, 1993-1994 to 2004-2005

BACKGROUND: Recent investigations in developed countries have found marked increases in the prevalence of allergic conditions. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine recent time trends in the prevalence of anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria by describing trends and age and sex differentials in hospitalizations for these conditions in Australia. METHODS: Data on hospital admissions and deaths for anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria were extracted for the periods 1993-1994 to 2004-2005 and 1997-2004, respectively. For hospital admissions, age-standardized rates were calculated. Time trends and sex differences were quantified by using negative binomial models. RESULTS: During the study period, there was a continuous increase in the rate of hospital admissions for angioedema (3.0% per year), urticaria (5.7% per year), and, most notably, anaphylaxis (8.8% per year). There was a particularly steep increase in the incidence of hospitalization for food-related anaphylaxis among children aged less than 5 years. Admissions for non-food-related anaphylaxis occurred predominantly in adults, particularly those more than 35 years of age. Among children, admission rates were higher in boys, but the sex difference was reversed among adults. Over an 8-year period, there were 106 deaths associated with anaphylaxis or angioedema. CONCLUSION: Hospitalization rates for allergic conditions are on the increase, but the nature and causative factors differ between adults and children. The relation of these changes to those in the prevalence of specific allergen sensitization in the community requires further investigation in population studies. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Among older persons, angioedema is becoming an increasing problem. Among children, hospitalization because of food-induced anaphylaxis is a growing concern.     

Prevalence of allergy, patterns of allergic sensitization and allergy risk factors in rural and urban children

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in children living in urban and rural areas and to identify potential risk/protection factors associated with allergy. METHODS: School children 12-16 years old, from urban community (n = 201) and rural area (n = 203) were recruited. The data obtained by questionnaire were referred to doctors' diagnosis, skin prick tests (SPTs), and serum specific and total IgE assessment. RESULTS: The prevalence of allergic diseases in urban children was significantly higher as compared with rural children [asthma 16.42%vs 1.97% (P < 0.001) allergic rhinitis 38.81%vs 10.84% (P < 0.001)]. Positive SPTs to at least one allergen was found in 63.7% of urban and 22.7% rural children (P < 0.001). Significantly higher percentage of allergic rural than urban children were monosensitized or sensitized to 2-4 allergens, but almost a fourfold higher percentage of allergic urban children was found to be sensitized to five or more allergens (P < 0.0001). The history of frequent upper respiratory factor (URT) infections, antibiotic therapy, tonsiltectomy/adenoidectomy were positively associated with development of atopy and sensitization. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that residence of rural area is associated with a significant lower prevalence of allergic sensitization and symptoms in school children. Several risk and protective factors related to environment and style of life could be identified in both environments.     

Prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in 13- to 14-year-old children in Taipei, Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in children has increased worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To perform the phase 3 survey of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) to report the time trend of the prevalence and severity of asthma and allergic diseases in children in Taipei. METHODS: Two junior high schools in each of the 12 school districts in Taipei were randomly chosen to enter the study. All students aged 13 to 14 years in the chosen schools were invited to participate in written and video questionnaires in Chinese (identical to those of the ISAAC phase 1 survey). The study was performed between December 1, 2001, and January 31, 2002. All data analysis followed the protocol of the ISAAC and then was submitted to the ISAAC International Data Center. RESULTS: Of 6653 eligible children from 23 high schools (1 school refused participation), 6381 (95.9%) participated. The prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in the past 12 months in 13- to 14-year-old children increased by 37%, 51%, and 193%, respectively, on written questionnaires during a 7-year period. The severity of asthma symptoms, including more than 4 wheezing attacks in the past 12 months, wheezing that disturbs sleep more than once per week, and wheezing that limited speech in the past 12 months, did not show any significant changes on written questionnaires during the 7 years. CONCLUSION: The increasing prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in 13- to 14-year-old children in Taipei in a 7-year period is a significant burden on public health systems in Taiwan.     

Small percentage of anaphylactic reactions treated with epinephrine during food challenges in Dutch children

Background

Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, occur during oral food challenges (OFCs) and the first-line treatment of anaphylaxis is epinephrine.

Asthma and other allergic conditions in Colombia: a study in 6 cities.

BACKGROUND: No detailed information is available on the burden and impact of allergic diseases simultaneously for adults and children in Colombia and most Latin American countries. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis symptoms in 6 cities in Colombia; to measure patient expenses and school days and workdays lost; to describe disease severity; and to determine levels of total and specific IgE in asthmatic subjects. METHODS: A multistage stratified random sample selection of schools with subjects aged 5 to 18 years in each city was used. Guardian subjects selected were contacted, and home visits were arranged. Subjects aged 1 to 4 years and older than 19 years were also selected randomly by systematic sampling based on the addresses of the subjects aged 5 to 18 years. Subjects with asthma symptoms were invited to provide a blood sample. RESULTS: Information was obtained from 6,507 subjects. The prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis symptoms in the past 12 months was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7%-11.1%), 22.6% (95% CI, 21.6%-23.6%), and 3.9% (95% CI, 3.4%-4.4%), respectively. Thirty-eight percent of asthmatic subjects had visited the emergency department or have been hospitalized, and 50% reported lost school days and workdays. Seventy-six percent of sampled asthmatic patients were considered to be atopic. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of disease and societal consequences of allergic entities in urban settings in countries such as Colombia are of concern but are largely ignored, perhaps because of the misconception that these diseases are of public health importance only in industrialized nations.     

Development of allergies and asthma in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis--a prospective follow-up to 7 years of age

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of atopic dermatitis is usually good, but the risk of developing asthma and allergic rhinitis is very high. The aim of this study was to follow children with atopic eczema up to school age to chart the course of sensitization and development of clinical allergy, as well as to study risk factors of sensitization. METHODS: Ninety-four children with atopic dermatitis were followed up to 7 years of age. The children were examined twice a year up to 3 years of age, and thereafter once yearly. At each visit, a clinical examination was performed, and a blood sample was taken. After 3 years of age, skin prick tests (SPTs) with inhalation allergens were performed at each visit. Information was obtained about atopy in the family, feeding patterns during infancy, symptoms of atopic disease, infections, and environmental factors. RESULTS: During the follow-up, the eczema improved in 82 of the 94 children, but 43% developed asthma and 45% allergic rhinitis. The risk of developing asthma was higher in children with a heredity of eczema. Presence of severe eczema at the time of inclusion in the study was associated with an increased tendency to produce food-specific IgE. An early onset of eczema was associated with an increased risk of sensitization to inhalant allergens, and development of urticaria. Early allergic reactions to food were associated with later reactions to food, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and sensitization to both food and inhalant allergens. Early feeding patterns, time of weaning, and introduction of solid food did not influence the risk of development of allergic symptoms. A large number of periods or days with fever during the follow-up was associated with an increased risk of developing allergic rhinitis and urticaria. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the good prognosis for the dermatitis and the increased risk of developing asthma and allergic rhinitis. Development of other allergic symptoms or sensitization was associated with the following factors: a family history of eczema, age at onset of eczema and its severity, early adverse reactions to foods, and proneness to infections.     

Familial occurrence of atopic disease: genetic versus environmental factors

Cumulative life prevalence of atopic disease (any of reported symptoms of asthma/wheezy bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, eczema and urticaria) was studied by means of a questionnaire in 19814 (7-, 10- and 14-year-old) Swedish school children and their parents. Maternal history was found to be twice as common as paternal history. The children of affected mothers contracted atopic disease in the same proportion as the children of affected fathers yielding twice as many affected children with affected mothers than with affected fathers. The strongest parental influence on childhood disease was seen for multiple symptoms and for congruent symptoms with both parents. The number of children with both parents affected was 1.6 times larger than expected. A possible dose-response effect in polygenic inheritance is discussed as well as assumed impact of environmental factors with a tendency to familial clustering.     

Prevalence of asthma,asthma-like and allergic symptoms in the urban and rural adult population in Eastern Turkey

There is no study assessing the prevalence rates for asthma, asthma-like symptoms, and allergic symptoms in Eastern Turkey. In this study, we investigated these rates in the urban and rural adult population of Elazig Region in Eastern Turkey. A questionnaire was prepared based on the standard inquiry form of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. The survey included 3,591 consented adults who were randomly selected. Each questionnaire was interviewed face-to-face by a physician. It was found that the cumulative prevalence rates of asthma and asthma-like symptoms of the rural and the urban respondent groups were 29.6% and 25.8%, respectively. The periodic prevalence rates of the same symptoms were 27.3% and 19.3%, respectively. The percentages of the patients living in rural and urban areas diagnosed as asthma by a physician were 5.5% and 3.1%, respectively. The proportions of patients with a history of at least one allergic disorder were 36.4% and 23.7% in the rural and urban groups, respectively. Asthma and asthma-like symptoms in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were significantly higher than those without (p < 0.01). The cumulative rates of a previous diagnosis of asthma among respondents with a history of asthma-like symptoms were 18.4% in the rural and 11.2% in the urban groups (p < 0.05). Among those who had had periodic asthma-like symptoms, the rural and urban rates of previous asthma diagnosis were 18.6% and 14.3%, respectively (p < 0.01). Unexpectedly, the prevalence rates for asthma, asthma-like and allergic symptoms in adults living in the rural areas of Elazig Region in Eastern Turkey were significantly higher than the rates in the urban population.     

Celecoxib tolerability in patients with hypersensitivity (mainly cutaneous reactions) to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

BACKGROUND: Adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly observed in clinical practice, particularly among patients with chronic urticaria or asthma. The identification of a safe and reliable alternative is a frequent problem for both general practitioners and allergists. METHODS: We assessed 120 patients (83 women and 37 men) who had experienced adverse reactions to one or more NSAIDs; 64 (53.3%) of them had reacted to only one NSAID (single reactors) and 56 (46.7%) to multiple NSAIDs (multiple reactors). Among our subjects, 76.7% reported cutaneous reactions, 8.3% respiratory symptoms, 10.8% both cutaneous and respiratory symptoms, and 4.2% anaphylaxis. All patients were subjected to a single-blind, placebo-controlled oral challenge with two different doses of celecoxib (50 + 150 mg 1 h later = cumulative dose of 200 mg). RESULTS: None of the patients reacted to the placebo and only one (0.8%) suffered a reaction (urticaria) after the second dose of celecoxib. CONCLUSIONS: Celecoxib showed a 98.9% rate of tolerability in the 92 patients with exclusively cutaneous reactions and was well tolerated by all 28 subjects with NSAID-related respiratory or anaphylactic symptoms.