集束化护理在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎中的效果干预

目的:研究机械通气患者集束化护理策略在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的干预效果,探讨机械通气中预防VAP有效的护理方法。方法:呼吸ICU收治74例行机械辅助通气治疗的患者,随机分为集束化护理组(观察组35例)和常规护理组(对照组39例)。比较两组患者机械通气时间和住ICU时间长短,并对VAP发生率、病死率的结果进行统计对比分析,分析集束化护理对呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果干预。结果:观察组患者机械通气时间、住ICU时间、VAP发生率、病死率均低于对照组。经统计学分析,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:集束化护理策略较常规的护理方法临床护理效果更佳,对预防VAP有重要的意义。     

集束化护理预防重症患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果分析

目的探究集束化护理提前预防重症患者(VAP)呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果。方法选取我院2019年2月收治VAP患者40例,采用随机数表法进行分配观察组和对照组,观察组20例,采用常规护理基础之上加入集束化护理干预,对照组20例,采用常规护理,对比两组VAP发病率以及入住ICU时间。结果对比两组患者VAP发病率,对照组患者明显高于观察组患者,P0.05,ICU住院时间对比,对照组患者入住时间明显长于观察组,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论采用集束化护理干预对VAP患者进行护理,不仅缩短了患者的住院时间,同时预防了重症患者VAP发生,临床治疗效果显著,值得推行。     

集束化护理干预措施对ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响分析

目的探讨集束化护理干预措施对于预防重症监护病房(ICU)患者发生呼吸机相关性肺炎(Ventilator Associated Pneumonia,VAP)的有效性和实用性。方法选取2012年10月-2013年11月入住我科ICU的252例机械通气患者为研究对象,并随机分为两组。其中实验组128例,采用集束化护理干预措施;对照组124例,采用常规护理干预措施。观察两组患者发生VAP的人数、机械通气(Mechanical Ventilation,MV)时间、入住ICU天数和住院费用。结果实验组与对照组相比,VAP发生率明显降低(P<0.05),接受MV治疗的时间及入住ICU天数明显缩短(P<0.05),住院费用明显降低(P<0.05)。结论把集束化护理干预措施应用于ICU行MV的患者,能够有效降低患者VAP发病率,缩短接受MV治疗的时间和ICU入住天数,降低住院费用,表明集束化护理干预措施是一种非常有效的综合性护理方法,值得在ICU进一步推广应用。     

ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎通过集束化护理干预后的成效

目的探讨集束化护理干预对ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响。方法将ICU2016年103例使用呼吸机的患者实行集束化护理干预作为干预组,将ICU 2015年全年96例使用呼吸机的患者作为对照组,观察两组患者呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率。结果通过集束化护理干预使VAP发生率由2015年的37.5%降至2016年的20.4%;干预组机械通气时间和住院时间较对照组有较大缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论集束化护理干预对预防呼吸机相关性肺炎效果显著,应该推广。     

集束化护理预防重症患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果观察

目的:探讨集束化护理预防重症患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的临床效果,降低VAP发生率。方法:选择符合标准的患者100例,随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,两组患者均给予常规护理,观察组加用集束化护理,比较二者VAP发生率及入住ICU时间。结果:观察组患者VAP发生率19.12‰,明显低于对照组的34.48‰,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者入住ICU时间(14.57±6.49)d,对照组患者入住ICU时间(18.39±6.84)d,观察组患者入住ICU时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组发生及未发生VAP的患者入住ICU时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:集束化护理有效预防重症患者VAP的发生,缩短入住ICU时间,提高临床治疗效果,促进患者康复。     

集束化护理干预策略对预防老年患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的作用

目的分析集束化护理干预策略对预防老年患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的作用。方法应用数字随机法,抽取本科室2016年9月至2018年9月收治的60例ICU60岁及以上机械通气患者作为本次研究的对象,将其分为两组,即对照组26例、观察组34例。对照组使用一般护理方法,观察组实施集束化护理干预策略,对比分析两组患者的护理效果。结果研究组患者VAP发生率、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间显著低于对照组,且P 0.05,两组比较存在统计学意义。结论集束化护理干预策略用于预防老年患者呼吸机相关性肺炎中效果比较显著,对预防及降低VAP的发生有重要意义,可显著缩短患者的机械通气时间及住院时间,值得临床推广与应用。     

集束化综合护理对预防ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果观察

目的探讨集束化综合护理用于重症监护室(ICU)预防呼吸机相关性肺炎效果。方法选取我院2016年1月至2018年12月ICU收治的机械通气患者102例,随机分2组,各51,对照组予以常规护理,观察组予以集束化综合护理。观察效果。结果观察组呼吸机使用时间及ICU住院时间均较对照组短,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组VAP发生率及死亡率均较对照组低,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论集束化综合护理用于ICU护理可降低VAP发生率及死亡率,同时还能有效缩短呼吸机使用时间及ICU住院时间。     

集束化护理干预对预防ICU机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响

目的分析集束化护理干预对预防ICU机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的影响。方法将2016年2月至2018年3月于我院收治的132例ICU行机械通气患者纳入研究样本,依据随机数据表法分为实验组(n=66)和对照组(n=66),对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组实施集束化护理干预,观察两组患者气管切开及VAP发生情况,记录两组患者ICU住院时间和机械通气时间。结果对照组患者气管切开及VAP发生率均明显高于实验组(P0.05),实验组患者ICU住院时间和机械通气时间较于对照组均有所缩短(P0.05)。结论针对ICU机械通气患者给予集束化护理干预能明显减少患者VAP的发病率,较大的缩短了患者总住院时间和ICU住院时间,临床效益较高。     

集束化措施防治重型颅脑损伤合并呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床观察

目的：探讨集束化措施对重型颅脑损伤呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）的预防及治疗作用。方法：将2008年3月～2012年6月间我科收治的需呼吸机治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者作为观察组（n=122）,以2005年4月～2008年2月间收治需呼吸机治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者作为对照组（n=107）。对照组患者采用常规护理、治疗,观察组患者采用VAP集束化管理方案,比较2组患者的VAP发生率、机械通气时间、住ICU时间、病死率及ICU住院费用。结果：与对照组比较,观察组患者的VAP发生率明显降低26．1％比41．7％,机械通气时间明显缩短6．39±3．12天比9．41±4．90天,住ICU时间明显减少10．02±3．71天比16．34±4．97天,病死率明显降低17．9％比29．3％,ICU住院费用明显降低6．49±2．43比8．90±2．91万元。以上比较差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。结论：采用集束化措施对重型颅脑损伤使用呼吸机治疗的患者进行干预,可降低VAP的发生率,缩短呼吸机使用时间,缩短住ICU时间,降低病死率,节约住ICU费用。     

集束化护理方案预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎的研究

目的探讨呼吸机集束化护理方案在预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的应用效果。方法采用回顾性研究方法,按集束干预实施前后将158例机械通气患儿分为对照组80例和观察组78例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组除常规护理外,制订集束化护理措施进行干预。对比观察两组VAP发生率及相关指标。结果观察组的机械通气时间、住院时间短于对照组,住院费用少于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组的VAP发生率、二次机械通气率低于对照组,治愈好转率高于对照组,病死率低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论呼吸机机械通气集束化护理方案预防新生儿VAP疗效显著,方案科学、合理、规范,值得推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.