甲状腺癌与ABO血型关系分析

甲状腺癌的ABO血型分布情况,国内外文献报告还很少,本文分析本院甲状腺癌患者的血型分布。材料和方法资料系我院1963—1992年间,住院患者浙江籍汉族人,经手术病理学确诊为甲状腺癌患者,并有血型记载共1258例。对照组采用浙江省医科大学61医2班调查统计的杭州地区3358例健康人血型资料。分析比较,先算出全组X~2,以测定显著性意义,再算出各型X~2,以检验各型间     

ABO血型与恶性肿瘤相关性分析

目的 :探讨恶性肿瘤与血型之间的关系。方法 :对 2 0 0 1年至 2 0 0 3年广西肿瘤医院收治的恶性肿瘤患者 5 5 4 2例进行ABO血型分布特征分析 ,并与南宁市中心血站提供的同期健康献血员 4 3919例ABO血型进行比较 ,用相对危险率比值 (OR)和显著性来说明恶性肿瘤与血型抗原的相关强度和相对危险度。结果 :恶性肿瘤患者的血型以O型居多 ,O >B >A >AB ,各种血型发生恶性肿瘤的相对危险度不相同 ,且有显著差别。结论 :恶性肿瘤患者的血型分布和正常人群血型分布有显著差别 ,恶性肿瘤的发生与ABO血型有一定的关系。     

ABO血型与恶性肿瘤相关性分析

目的:探讨恶性肿瘤与血型之间的关系.方法:对2001年至2003年广西肿瘤医院收治的恶性肿瘤患者5542例进行ABO血型分布特征分析,并与南宁市中心血站提供的同期健康献血员43919例ABO血型进行比较,用相对危险率比值(OR)和显著性来说明恶性肿瘤与血型抗原的相关强度和相对危险度.结果:恶性肿瘤患者的血型以O型居多,O＞B＞A＞AB,各种血型发生恶性肿瘤的相对危险度不相同,且有显著差别.结论:恶性肿瘤患者的血型分布和正常人群血型分布有显著差别,恶性肿瘤的发生与ABO血型有一定的关系.     

甲状腺癌与ABO血型关系分析

 本文报告1258例甲状腺癌与ABO血型关系分析，结果显示:甲状腺癌患组与健康对照组比较全组X~2为14.285.两者有显著差异(P<0.05)，其中O型患者与对照组O型比较百分比增加5.52%，X²为12.209，相对危险率1.271，说明O型血者甲状腺癌易感性显著高于其它血型者，按甲状腺癌病理类型进行分析，可见乳头状腺癌患者血型分布与对照组相比有显著性差异，X²为16.472(P<0.05)。     

结直肠癌发病风险与ABO血型分布的关系

目的:探讨结直肠癌患病风险与ABO血型分布的关系。方法:通过LinkDoc数据库（LinkDoc Data）抽取辽宁省肿瘤医院含有ABO血型信息的结直肠癌住院患者的数据2 333例,与本地区另一家三甲医院的血型样本（36 124例）对照,回顾性分析不同血型患结直肠癌的风险。结果:2 333例结直肠癌患者中,A型患者663例（28.42%）,AB型患者689例（29.53%）,B型患者721例（30.90%）,O型患者260例（11.14%）。与对照组比较,AB型较非AB型结直肠癌患病风险升高（OR=3.54,95%CI=3.219~3.893）,O型较非O型结直肠癌患病风险下降（OR=0.299,95%CI=0.262~0.341）。结论:结直肠癌患者ABO血型分布与对照人群ABO血型分布有明显差别,AB型人群较其它血型人群结直肠癌发生风险升高,而O型结直肠癌发生风险降低,血型可能是结直肠癌发生的危险因素之一,但是有地域差别,在本地区AB血型人群应该是结直肠癌重点筛查对象。     

广西壮族恶性肿瘤与ABO血型

本文对570例壮族恶性肿瘤患者的血型进行分析，并与1176例壮族居民血型调查资料比较，采用相对危险率（R）及其显著性来说明恶性肿瘤和血型抗原的相关强度及其危险程度，结果显示壮族胃癌、肝癌、结肠直肠癌的血型分布与B型血密切相关，乳腺癌、肺癌者B型血百分率亦升高。其他类型的恶性肿瘤与ABO血型无明显差异，这些特点在一定程度上反映了恶性肿瘤的发生，与地区和民族间血型分布存在着某些相关性。     

五种常见恶性肿瘤与ABO血型

 我院常见的五种肿瘤计2518例，对其ABO血型进行了统计，并于正常人群作了对照。现报道如下： 资料与结果 (1)患者均系山西汉族人，采胃癌、食管癌、大肠癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌有血型记。     

白血病和淋巴瘤患者ABO血型分布及地区性差异分析

 目的　探讨ABO血型与白血病、淋巴瘤的相关性和地区性差异。方法　采用病例对照研究方法,调查不同类型白血病、淋巴瘤患者和健康对照组ABO血型分布特征,分析不同地区白血病、淋巴瘤患者的ABO血型分布情况。结果　急性非淋巴细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的ABO血型分布与健康人群分布差异有统计学意义（χ2＝21.23、χ2＝8.36、χ2＝9.39,均P＜0.05）。国内不同地区的白血病、淋巴瘤ABO血型分布有差异,其中白血病ABO血型分布差异具有统计学意义（χ2＝50.65,P＜0.05）。结论　ABO血型可能是白血病、淋巴瘤的遗传易感因素,但地理因素可能是主要影响因素之一。     

ABO血型与胃癌发生及其生物学行为关系的研究

关于胃癌发生与ABO血型之间的关系文献中已作了较多的报道[1-7]，但结论尚不一致，而有关ABO血型与胃癌生长方式、分化程度及淋巴结转移之间的关系，文献中则未见报道。为此，我们对ABO血型与上述诸参数之间的关系作了分析，以期探讨胃癌的遗传倾向及ABO血型与诸参数间的关系。材料与方法593例胃癌根治切除标本来自滨州医学院附属医院病理科，系统复习临床病理资料，剔除资料不全者、按以往标准对胃癌生长方式和分化程度作一归类[8]。以健康人群血型分布为对照组[9]，对样本和总体率做“U”检验，对ABO血型分布与肿瘤发生部位、生长…     

幽门螺杆菌与胰腺癌患病风险的关系

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌与胰腺癌患病风险的关系。方法选取2008年1月至2018年1月间无锡市第二人民医院收治的160例胰腺癌患者为观察组进行回顾性分析,病例资料均有ABO血型与幽门螺杆菌检验记录,另选取321例健康体检者为对照组,讨论幽门螺杆菌和ABO血型对胰腺癌患病风险的影响。结果幽门螺杆菌降低胰腺癌患病风险,比值比(OR) 0. 369 (95%CI0. 246～0. 554),经ABO血型校正后,校正OR 0. 364 (95%CI 0. 242～0. 549)。观察组患者非O血型与O血型的幽门螺杆菌感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论幽门螺杆菌可能降低胰腺癌患者患病风险,而与ABO血型无相关性。     

Reaction of immune complexes with Hodgkin's disease tissue cultures: radioimmune assay and immunoferritin electron microscopy.

We examined the binding of soluble immune complexes in sera from patients with Hodgkin's disease to established tissue cultures derived from the tumor. Circulating immune complex levels were determined by the Raji cell assay, and the reaction of serum with cultured cells was examined with a radioimmune assay and by immunoferritin electron microscopy. Serum with elevated immune complexes was found to react with cells of Hodgkin's disease monolayers when tested with radioiodine-labeled antisera against human IgG heavy and light chains and the complement 3 (C3) component. When examined with the electron microscope, monolayers incubated with Hodgkin's disease serum containing immune complex and labeled with ferritin-conjugated antiserum to C3 contained surface-bound ferritin particles with a uniform but discontinuous pattern. Absorption of Hodgkin's disease serum with monolayer cells reduced immune complexes and decreased reactivity of the sample with cultured cells by radioimmune assay. Sera of patients with other disorders and aggregated gamma-globulin with complement, despite markedly elevated immune complex levels, did not react positively with monolayers derived from Hodgkin's disease tumors, and none of the sera reacted with normal cultured spleen. The approximate size of serum components reacting with Hodgkin's disease monolayers was estimated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Sedimentation fractions in the 19S region reacted with monolayer cells when tested with 125I-labeled antisera to both IgG and C3 and contained immunoglobulin-complement complexes by gel diffusion and immunoabsorption. A component sedimenting at 7-9S contained immunoglobulin not complexed with complement; this component reacted with monolayer cells when tested with anti-IgG antiserum but did not react when tested with antibody to C3. The reaction of Hodgkin's disease monolayers with serum containing immune complexes differed from that of two suspension culture lines composed of cells with surface complement and IgG Fc receptors. Inasmuch as cells of our long-term Hodgkin's disease monolayers do not contain these surface receptors, possibly the antibody component of the immune complex reacts with antigens on the surface of cultured cells.     

Combination versus successive single agent chemotherapy in lymphocytic lymphoma

Fifty-three patients with advanced lymphocytic lymphoma were randomly assigned to treatment with the combination cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) or the same agents used successively in maximal doses (C-V-P). Complete remissions occurred in 68% with CVP and 48% with C-V-P. For patients with nodular lymphoma, the complete remission rate was 81% with CVP and 46% with C-V-P. In patients with diffuse lymphoma a complete remission rate of 50% was obtained with both regimens. The median duration of response was longer for patients who obtained complete remission with CVP (37+ months) than for those entering remission with C-V-P (25+ months). More patients treated with CVP still survive. Current results suggest that CVP is a better induction regime than C-V-P in patients with nodular lymphoma. However, in patients with diffuse lympoocytic lymphoma, neither regimen results in more than 50% complete remissions or significant numbers of prolonged responses. More effective therapy is needed.     

Oral capecitabine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine in patients with nonresectable hepatobiliary carcinoma. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) who were ever treated with oral capecitabine. The medical records of 116 patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) between July 1998 and March 1999 were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients were treated with capecitabine (37 with HCC, 18 with CCA, 8 with GBC). Capecitabine 1000 mg/m(2) was administered twice daily for 14 days. Treatment was repeated every 21 days. Each patient received 1-15 treatment cycles. Nine patients (14%)-11% of patients with HCC, 6% of patients with CCA, and 50% of patients with GBC-had either a complete response (CR) or a partial response. A CR was radiologically confirmed in one patient with HCC and in two patients with GBC. The median survival times were 10.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5-15.7 months) for patients with HCC, 8.1 months (95% CI, 7.4-8.9 months) for patients with CCA, and 9.9 months (95% CI, 4.4-15.4 months) for patients with GBC. The most common toxicity was hand-foot syndrome (37%). Grade 3 thrombocytopenia occurred in 8% of patients with HCC. No other significant toxicities were observed. For all patients, response to treatment was positively correlated with survival and decline in tumor markers. CONCLUSIONS: Capecitabine was found to be safe for patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma, including those with cirrhosis. The antitumor activity of single-agent capecitabine was most pronounced in patients with GBC, was modest in patients with HCC, and was poor in patients with CCA.     

Evaluation of neutron irradiation of pancreatic cancer. Results of a randomized Radiation Therapy Oncology Group clinical trial

Between 1980-84, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group conducted a trial in patients with untreated, unresectable localized carcinomas of the pancreas. Patients were randomly chosen to receive either 6,400 cGy with photons, the equivalent dose with a combination of photons and neutrons (mixed-beam irradiation), or neutrons alone. A total of 49 cases were evaluable, of which 23 were treated with photons, 11 with mixed-beam therapy, and 15 with neutrons alone. The median survival time was 5.6 months with neutrons, 7.8 months with mixed-beam radiation, and 8.3 months with photons. The median local control time was 6.7 months with neutrons, 6.5 months with mixed-beam radiation, and 2.6 months with photons. These differences are not statistically significant. Evidence of moderate-to-life-threatening gastrointestinal or hepatic injury was present in three patients treated with neutrons and one patient treated with photons. The causes of this apparent difference are discussed. This study demonstrates there is no evidence to suggest that neutron irradiation, either alone or in combination with photon irradiation, produces better local control or survival rates than photon irradiation.     

The emerging role of Lapatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer

In breast cancer, overexpression of HER2 is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype and poor prognosis. Lapatinib has demonstrated benefit in combination with capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer that has progressed after prior treatment with an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab. It has also demonstrated benefit with paclitaxel in patients with metastatic disease not previously treated with chemotherapy. This review discusses results from clinical trials suggesting an advantage with the use of lapatinib with other treatment modalities in the setting of metastatic and locally advanced disease.     

Irradiation alone or in combination with surgery in stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A nonrandomized comparison.

This is a report of a nonrandomized comparison of treatment results of 244 patients with stage IB carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiation alone and 92 treated with preoperative radiation and surgery and 77 patients with stage IIA treated by radiation alone and 24 treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. The techniques of irradiation and types of operation are described in detail. The five-year tumor free actuarial survival for the patients with stage IB treated either with irradiation alone or combined with surgery was approximately 85% and the ten-year survival, 78%. For stage IIA the tumor free actuarial five-year survival without tumor was 73% and for ten years, 60%. In the 244 patients treated with radiation alone, there were ten central failures (4%) usually combined with distant metastasis. Further, 16 of these patients (6.5%) developed parametrial recurrence, in all but one instance associated with distant metastasis. In the 92 patients with stage IB treated with combined therapy, there were three local recurrences (3.8%), two of them combined with parametrial failures and six parametrial recurrences (6.5%), all of them concomitant with distant metastasis. Of the 77 patients with stage IIA treated by irradiation alone, there was one central recurrence alone and five local and parametrial recurrences, all of them associated with periaortic nodes or distant metastasis. Four additional patients had parametrial recurrences only concurrent with distant metastasis. Of the 24 patients treated with irradiation and surgery, there were two parametrial recurrences combined with distant metastasis (8.2%). There was no significant difference in the survival or recurrence rate of the patients treated with either method. In the group treated with combined therapy, patients with stage IB who showed evidence of microscopic residual tumor after irradiation had a failure rate of approximately 42% (8/18) in contrast to only 8.6% (6/70) in those with negative specimens. In stage IIA there were three failures in eight patients with residual tumor in the specimen in contrast to only two of 16 with negative specimens (12.5%). Major complications were comparable in both groups (radiation alone approximately 8.7% and irradiation combined with surgery approximately 14%), the difference is not statistically significant. The most frequent minor complication in patients treated with radiation alone was vaginal fibrosis (30 patients--9%) or vaginal vault necrosis (10 patients--3%).     

Combined androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: looking back to move forward

In 1989, Crawford and colleagues suggested that combined androgen blockade with castration plus antiandrogen therapy provided significantly improved survival compared with castration alone. Since then, some studies have supported these results, whereas others have not. To resolve this discrepancy, the Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group conducted a metaanalysis of 27 randomized trials to evaluate whether combined androgen blockade has benefits compared with castration alone. The results published in 2000 showed that combined androgen blockade using a nonsteroidal antiandrogen treatment (nilutamide or flutamide) improved survival compared with castration alone, whereas combined androgen blockade using a steroidal antiandrogen agent (cyproterone acetate) reduced survival compared with castration alone. In 2004, an analysis was carried out to evaluate the nonsteroidal antiandrogen agent bicalutamide in the combined androgen blockade setting, by incorporating the data from a trial of combined androgen blockade with bicalutamide versus combined androgen blockade with flutamide with the Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group metaanalysis data for combined androgen blockade with flutamide versus castration. This analysis showed that combined androgen blockade with bicalutamide was associated with a 20% reduction in the risk of death compared with castration alone. The survival benefit associated with combined androgen blockade using a nonsteroidal antiandrogen agent should be weighed against the potential for increased toxicity and expense compared with castration alone. Studies have shown that bicalutamide has a better tolerability profile than flutamide or nilutamide. Furthermore, cost-benefit analyses of combined androgen blockade with bicalutamide suggest it is a cost-effective option versus castration alone and versus combined androgen blockade with flutamide. In summary, the present evidence suggests that combined androgen blockade with a nonsteroidal antiandrogen agent should be a first-line therapy option in patients with advanced disease.     

Coexisting high-grade glandular and squamous cervical lesions and human papillomavirus infections

The frequency of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) genotypes in patients with adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS) with coexisting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), ACIS without coexisting CIN, and high-grade CIN (CIN II/III) was studied, in order to gain more insight into the relation between hr-HPV infections and the development of coexisting squamous and glandular lesions. The SPF(10) LiPA PCR was used to detect simultaneously 25 different HPV genotypes in biopsies obtained from 90 patients with CIN II/III, 47 patients with ACIS without coexisting CIN, and 49 patients with ACIS and coexisting CIN. hr-HPV was detected in 84 patients (93%) with CIN II/III, 38 patients (81%) with ACIS without CIN, and in 47 patients (96%) with ACIS and coexisting CIN. A total of 13 different hr-HPV genotypes were detected in patients with CIN II/III, and only five in patients with ACIS with/without coexisting CIN. HPV 31, multiple hr-HPV genotypes, and HPV genotypes other than 16, 18, and 45 were significantly more often detected in patients with CIN II/III, while HPV 18 was significantly more often detected in patients with ACIS with/without CIN. There were no significant differences in the frequency of specific hr-HPV genotypes between patients with ACIS with or without coexisting CIN. In conclusion, the frequency of specific hr-HPV genotypes is similar for patients with ACIS without CIN and patients with ACIS and coexisting CIN, but is significantly different for patients with CIN II/III without ACIS. These findings suggest that squamous lesions, coexisting with high-grade glandular lesions, are aetiologically different from squamous lesions without coexisting glandular lesions.     

Fluorescent antibody studies in malignant melanoma

Sera from 57 patients with malignant melanoma and 39 control patients were tested by immunofluorescence techniques against 6 melanoma cell lines. Thirty-two per cent of tests with sera from melanoma patients showed fluorescence with these cell lines whereas only 17% of tests with control sera were positive. Reactions occurred in 21% of tests with sera from patients with primary melanoma compared with 40% with secondary melanomata and 54% with “cured” melanomata. The cell lines varied in antigenicity but this did not correlate with either pigmentation or length of time in culture. The cell lines which were most reactive with sera from melanoma patients were also most reactive with control sera.     

A phase II pilot study of the combined application of hyperthermia and intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy using cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil

Fourteen patients (group A) with unresectable metastasis to the liver from colorectal cancers (11 patients) and gastric cancers (3 patients) were treated with the combined application of hyperthermia and intra-hepato-arterial (IHA) chemotherapy with cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil. Ten patients were treated with regional hyperthermia applied with a radiofrequency capacitive heating system and four patients were treated with total-body hyperthermia concurrently with IHA chemotherapy. Thirty-one patients (group B) with liver metastases from colorectal and gastric cancers received only IHA chemotherapy with the same chemotherapeutic regimen. In group B, partial responses (PRs) were obtained in 8 of 17 evaluable patients with colorectal cancer and in 1 of 10 evaluable patients with gastric cancer. In group A, PRs were found in 6 of 11 patients with colorectal cancer and in 2 of 3 patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, improvements due to the combination of chemotherapy with hyperthermia were noted in 3 of 6 patients with colorectal cancer who had received unsuccessful prior IHA chemotherapy. The 50% survival period was prolonged to 23 months in group A from 11 months in group B, for patients with colorectal cancer. Toxicity of IHA chemotherapy was not potentiated by combination with hyperthermia. These results indicate that the combination of hyperthermia with IHA chemotherapy has a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of unresectable metastatic liver tumors derived from colorectal and gastric cancers.