微量元素制剂对放烧复合伤小鼠造血功能的影响

<正> 放射损伤复合烧伤对造血功能可产生明显的抑制作用。并且,造血障碍是放烧复合伤最基木的病理改变之一.它决定着病程的转归.因此,保护造血、促进造血恢复就成为放烧复合伤治疗的主要环节。微量元素在体内含量虽极少,但对机体细胞的增殖、分化、组织器官的功能均有重要作用.本文研究了微量元素制剂对放烧复合伤小鼠造血功能的影响,以期能     

放烧复合伤对鼠骨髓基质细胞的影响

目的：研究重度放射损伤复合烧伤对骨髓基质细胞的影响。方法：健康雄性小鼠^60Coγ射线一次全身照射6Gy，照后即刻用3％凝固汽油烧7s，致成体表面积15％Ⅲ度烧伤；骨髓基质细胞贴壁培养、粒系祖细胞培养、流式细胞术测定骨髓基质细胞细胞周期、DNA含量和粘附分子表达。结果：①放烧复合伤后骨髓基质细胞贴壁率和基质祖细胞显著降低；②伤后3d，骨髓基质细胞贴壁层对正常鼠CFU-GM产率表现出抑制作用，琼脂隔开可减弱或消除此抑制作用；③随伤后时间的延长，复合伤组G0/G1期细胞比例由高到低，S、G2 M比例由低到高，出现“G2期阻滞“；④复合伤组骨髓基质细胞DNA含量以伤后第3d最低，至伤后第14d仍低于正常；⑤复合伤组骨髓基质细胞表达VCAM-1、Fn、Cn和ColⅣ的水平降低，以伤后3d、7d最低。结论：骨髓造血微环境基质细胞损伤可能是影响放烧复合伤造血功能障碍的重要原因之一。     

苯中毒致重度造血功能损伤

苯中毒致重度造血功能损伤青岛医学院附属医院（青岛市江苏路，２６６００３）张民生化工部化工劳动保护研究所李玫苯致造血功能损伤多以白细胞减少最常见，主要是中性粒细胞减少，重度中毒可致严重造血功能损伤。我们收治了因苯中毒引起的再生障碍性贫血两例及难治性贫血...     

苯对骨髓造血干细胞和造血微环境的毒作用

本文从造血干细胞和造血微环境方面综述了苯对实验动物造血机能的毒作用。苯及其代谢物在骨髓代谢转化和聚集，它们不仅能抑制造血干细胞的复制，也可削弱造血细胞赖以依托的造血微环境的支架能力，并通过干扰骨髓间质细胞分泌造血生长因子的能力，抑制骨髓的造血机能。     

苯对骨髓造血细胞和造血微环境的毒作用

本从造血干细胞和造血微环境方面综述了苯对实验动物造血机能的毒作用。苯及其代射物在骨髓代谢转化和聚集，它们不仅能抑制造血干细胞的复制，也可削弱造血细胞赖以依托的造血微环境的支架能力，并通过干扰骨髓间质细胞分泌造血生长因子的能力，抑制骨髓的造血机能。     

脐带及胎盘血的造血活性和治疗应用

脐带及胎盘血的造血活性和治疗应用四川省自贡市东方锅炉厂职工医院（６４３００１）覃渝平再障和白血病等多种骨髓造血功能障碍性疾病，多由于化学因素（如苯、烷化剂、药物）、物理因素（如电离辐射）及生物因素等所致造血干细胞和微环境损伤引起，一般药物治疗效果差，...     

造血干细胞在辐射损伤中的应用

电离辐射在工业、医学的广泛应用可造成机体严重造血损伤,造血干细胞移植是救治的重要措施。本文概述了4种造血干细胞移植方法在辐射损伤中的应用,并重点介绍了4种造血干细胞移植的优缺点及研究进展。     

自体造血干细胞移植后的康复护理

近年来，干细胞移植技术应用于临床，使许多血液病患者获得了新生。然而在此过程中，由于大剂量的化疗和放疗，使患者的骨髓造血功能和免疫功能都受到严重损害，极易发生感染、出血等严重并发症。除保持高洁净度环境外，康复护理是移植成功的关键之一。我们通过对16例自体造血干细胞移植患者的观察，实施针对性的有计划的康复护理，取得了良好的效果。     

中华人民共和国卫生部通告 卫通〔2007〕11号

现发布《放冲复合伤诊断标准》等3项强制性国家职业卫生标准和《放射性疾病诊断名词术语》推荐性国家职业卫生标准。其编号和名称如下:一、强制性国家职业卫生标准GBZ102-2007放冲复合伤诊断标准(代替GBZ102-2002)GBZ103-2007放烧复合伤诊断标准(代替GBZ103-2002)GBZ190-2007放     

造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓型急性放射病的研究进展

核武器爆炸或核物质泄漏导致的核事故,短时间内会造成急性放射病.人体接受剂量＞0.7Gy辐射可导致骨髓持久抑制即急性放射病,引起全血细胞减少、出血、感染等损伤.大量研究显示,造血干细胞移植是治疗骨髓型急性放射性疾病的主要手段.造血干细胞可以修复骨髓造血损伤,改善造血微环境,促进造血重建.在使用造血干细胞移植术前选择供者、...     

Benzene and hematopoietic malignancies

In certain countries outside of the United States, benzene remains a significant occupational hazard. This article provides a brief historical perspective of benzene use and general aspects of benzene toxicology, focusing primarily on benzene-induced hematotoxicity and leukemogenesis. Although the causal relationship between benzene and acute myelogenous leukemia is unequivocal, there has been considerable debate regarding the potential role of benzene exposure in the development of other hematopoietic malignancies, including chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The relationship between benzene and these other diseases also is discussed briefly.     

Long-term hematopoietic stem cell damage in a murine model of the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome

ABSTRACT: Residual bone marrow damage (RBMD) persists for years following exposure to radiation and is believed to be due to decreased self-renewal potential of radiation-damaged hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Current literature has examined primarily sublethal doses of radiation and time points within a few months of exposure. In this study, the authors examined RBMD in mice surviving lethal doses of total body ionizing irradiation (TBI) in a murine model of the Hematopoietic Syndrome of the Acute Radiation Syndrome (H-ARS). Survivors were analyzed at various time points up to 19 mo post-TBI for hematopoietic function. The competitive bone marrow (BM) repopulating potential of 150 purified c-Kit+ Sca-1+ lineage- CD150+ cells (KSLCD150+) remained severely deficient throughout the study compared to KSLCD150+ cells from non-TBI age-matched controls. The minimal engraftment from these TBI HSCs is predominantly myeloid, with minimal production of lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. All classes of blood cells as well as BM cellularity were significantly decreased in TBI mice, especially at later time points as mice aged. Primitive BM hematopoietic cells (KSLCD150+) displayed significantly increased cell cycling in TBI mice at all time points, which may be a physiological attempt to maintain HSC numbers in the post-irradiation state. Taken together, these data suggest that the increased cycling among primitive hematopoietic cells in survivors of lethal radiation may contribute to long-term HSC exhaustion and subsequent RBMD, exacerbated by the added insult of aging at later time points.     

Dating the divergence of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an economically significant rhabdovirus that can cause severe disease to most salmonid fish. Phylogenetic analyses of worldwide IHNV isolates have defined five major genogroups. Herein, to further the understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution of IHNV, Bayesian coalescent analyses were conducted to the time-stamped coding sequences of the N, G and NV genes. The nucleotide substitution rates and the divergence times were assessed. Among the three genes, NV, the smallest one coding for a non-virion protein, was conferred the highest mean rate. Estimates for the G subsets based upon the five genogroups indicated that L and U evolved much slower than the others. Age calculations suggested that the first diversification event of the IHNV isolates analyzed might have happened before the notification of the disease during the early 1950s. Selection analyses suggested that the three genes were mainly subject to purifying selection. In addition, surveys of codon usage variation showed that the three genes had influences other than mutational bias.     

Lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer in teachers

A recent study found high rates of leukemia and related disorders among teachers. This finding may be related to exposure to childhood infections. Therefore, epidemiologic studies on the risk of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer among teachers were systematically reviewed. Altogether 26 relevant investigations were identified, most from ad hoc publications rather than from scientific journals. Elevated risks of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were found in studies using proportional mortality or mortality odds ratios as outcome measures. However, these observations may reflect low overall mortality and do not necessarily indicate high death rates from the cancers of interest. In studies deriving standardized mortality or incidence ratios, the risk estimates were generally lower. The most striking finding was for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (approximate summary relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.62), but it was likely to have been exaggerated by publication bias. In conclusion, no compelling epidemiologic evidence exists for a hazard of leukemia or related diseases among teachers.     

微波照射对大鼠造血系统影响的实验研究

目的探讨微波照射对大鼠造血系统影响的程度和时相性。方法采用血细胞分析和瑞姬氏染色的方法对不同微波辐射剂量照射组的Wistar大鼠在不同时间段(1天、7天、14天)的外周血细胞及骨髓象进行分析。结果微波照射组大鼠血液中的各种细胞参数相对于空白对照组有不同的改变,骨髓象破坏现象明显;以辐射剂量为200 mW/cm2照射后的第7d改变更为显著。而第14d时除WBC、LY#、MID#、N#升高,PLT和PCT仍然减低外其他参数均恢复至空白对照组。结论微波辐射对大鼠的血液系统有影响,且随着辐射剂量的加大,影响越显著。