腹部手术后胃瘫综合征的诊治分析

目的:探讨手术后胃瘫综合征发生的病因,诊断方法和治疗手段。方法:分析28例腹部手术后出现胃瘫患者,分析其临床表现、发生时间、恢复时间和诱发因素。结果:高龄、接受全麻及近端胃大部切除术、术后应用镇痛泵的患者发病率高,临床表现、泛影葡胺造影检查及胃镜检查是诊断本病的主要手段;大部分患者经保守治疗,9周内恢复正常。结论:高龄、麻醉及手术方式、术后应用自控镇痛泵及精神因素与手术后胃瘫发生密切相关。综合保守治疗是治疗胃瘫的有效方法。     

腹部非胃十二指肠手术术后发生胃瘫综合征的危险因素分析

术后胃瘫综合征(postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome,PGS)是胃十二指肠手术后常出现的一种早期并发症,是以术后胃动力紊乱、胃流出道非机械性梗阻为主要征象的一种功能性疾病.随着手术量的增加,发生率也相应增高,有报道胰十二指肠术后胃瘫的发生率可高达20%～50%[1].胃大部切除术后发生PGS的相关报道较多,但腹部非胃十二指肠术后也可发生PGS,这方面的相关报道较少.     

胃癌根治术后胃瘫综合征的诊断与治疗(附24例报告)

目的 探讨胃癌根治切除术后胃瘫综合征的病因、诊断及治疗方法.方法 对1990～2005年585例胃癌根治术后的病例资料进行回顾性分析.所有患者术前均经纤维胃镜及病理活检明确诊断,手术方式均为根治性胃大部切除、残胃-空肠毕Ⅱ式结肠前吻合.结果 585例中有24例(年龄46～81岁,平均58.6岁)出现胃瘫综合征表现,发生率为4.1%,均发生在由流质饮食改为半流质饮食期间.患者出现上腹部饱胀、恶心、呕吐及顽固性呃逆,呕吐物为大量胃内容物及少量胆汁.胃肠减压量24h为800～2 000ml.24例患者均行38%泛影葡胺口服或胃管内注入上消化道造影检查,见残胃扩张无力,胃蠕动减弱或消失,造影剂排空延缓,无吻合口梗阻.18例行胃镜检查,可见胃内大量液体残留,吻合口不同程度水肿,但胃镜均能顺利通过吻合口进入十二指肠或空肠输出襻,未见机械性梗阻征象.经保守治疗后,均于10～38天内治愈.结论 术后胃肠道运动的改变及吻合口水肿可能是发生胃排空障碍的主要原因,而高龄、营养不良、水电解质失衡、腹腔感染可能为其诱因.胃肠道造影及胃镜检查是诊断本病的重要方法.采取非手术保守治疗一般均可治愈.     

胃电图联合多参数对腹部术后胃瘫的预测及其机制研究

目的 通过观察腹部术后患者的体表胃电图(electrogastrogram,EGG)波形变化,结合数字肠胃影像学、上腹部临床症状分度评分以及生化指标等多参数探讨腹部术后胃瘫发生的可能性。方法 47例腹部手术患者,根据其术后是否发生胃瘫分为胃瘫组和对照组。比较2组间术前24 h、术后72、96 和120 h体表EGG的差异。同时对47例患者进行数字肠胃影像学检查、上腹部临床症状分度评分以及生化指标检测。结果 胃瘫组术后EGG波形中正常胃电慢波消失,呈胃电节律紊乱;胃电节律紊乱患者的数字肠胃影像学报告考虑胃瘫可能;胃瘫组在术后72 h的恶心、呕吐和反酸评分均较同阶段的对照组显著升高（均P<0.01）;胃瘫组术前24 h的血红蛋白和总胆红素含量显著低于对照组（P<0.01和P<0.05）,术后24 h的白细胞计数显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 EGG联合多参数对预测腹部术后胃瘫发生的可能性有一定参考。胃瘫发生可能与患者自控镇痛的耐受性有关。     

胃管状成形重建在食管癌切除术中应用效果观察

目的：观察胃管状成形重建（管状胃）在食管癌切除术中的应用效果。方法：选择食管癌、贲门癌116例,随机分为管状胃组和胸腔胃组各58例,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中术后输血量、术中清除淋巴结数量及住院时间,并观察术后吻合口瘘、胸胃综合征等并发症发生情况。结果：管状胃组手术时间、术中出血量、术中术后输血量均显著或非常显著少于胸腔胃组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;两组清除淋巴结数量及术后住院时间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。管状胃组发生颈部吻合口瘘1例,胸胃综合征1例;胸腔胃组发生颈部吻合口瘘1例,肺不张2例,肺部感染4例,胸胃综合征6例;死亡1例。结论：食管癌切除术中,胃管状成形重建食管术式优于胸腔胃术式。     

胰头十二指肠切除术后胃瘫15例临床分析

目的探讨胰头十二指肠切除术后胃瘫的临床诊治经验。方法回顾性分析我科近年收治的15例胰头十二指肠切除术后胃瘫患者的临床资料,对其病因、临床症状、诊断及治疗进行分析。结果所有患者均经肠内营养为主的综合疗法治愈,恢复时间为15～98d,平均33．2d。15例中,2例术后15-20d恢复,8例21-28d恢复,3例30-35d恢复,2例80～98d恢复。结论胰头十二指肠切除术后胃瘫属功能性病变,保守治疗可以治愈。     

糖尿病胃轻瘫患者的空腹胃电改变

目的 观察老年糖尿病患者体表胃肌电活动情况,分析胃动力障碍状况。方法 用ＷＣＤＦ体表胃电图分析仪,记录３０例老年糖尿病患者和３０例健康对照组的体表胃电活动。结果：①糖尿病胃轻瘫组的ＦＰ和ＦＺ显示明显异常,与健康对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）;②糖尿病胃轻瘫组的胃电节律紊乱明显高于健康对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：①糖尿病胃轻瘫患者的胃动力障碍主要表现在胃电节律紊乱;②异常的胃肌电活动可预测     

胃大部切除术后胃瘫的观察及护理

胃瘫是指胃大部切除术后继发的非机械性梗阻引起的胃排空延迟，是胃手术后比较少见的近期并发症之一。我院2001年1月-2005年12月行胃大部切除术98例，术后出现胃瘫并发症6例，现分析报告如下：     

胃癌术后胃瘫的诊断和治疗

胃癌术后胃瘫是指胃大部分切除术后出现胃流出道非机械性梗阻的一种功能性疾病,其诊断标准:①经1项或多项检查提示无胃流出道机械性梗阻,但有胃潴留,尤其是固体食物;②胃引流量>800ml/d,并且持续时间>10 d;③无明显水电解质酸碱失衡;④无引起胃瘫的基础疾病,如糖尿病、甲状腺     

结肠癌根治术后胃瘫7例临床分析

目的探讨结肠癌根治术后胃瘫的病因、临床表现、诊断及治疗。方法对我院2000—2007年间296例结肠癌根治术后发生胃瘫的7例病人的临床诊断和治疗过程进行回顾分析。结果结肠癌根治术后发生胃瘫是由综合因素所致,发病与神经-精神因素、手术创伤因素和手术后胃解剖结构改变等因素相关,全部病人均经非手术治疗治愈。结论结肠癌根治术后胃瘫通过综合治疗如消除患者紧张情绪、胃肠持续减压、加强营养支持、适当合理应用胃肠动力药物等,均可获得满意治疗效果。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.