人巨细胞病毒对腮腺导管上皮细胞表型的影响及其机制

目的　研究人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染对腮腺导管上皮细胞表型所产生的影响及其可能的机制。方法　用免疫组织化学方法研究腮腺巨细胞包涵体病石蜡包埋组织中巨细胞病毒立即早期抗原、广谱角蛋白、组织蛋白酶D等的表达。结果　腮腺导管上皮细胞感染HCMV后,作为上皮性标志物的角蛋白表达转为阴性,而组织蛋白酶D的表达转为强阳性。结论　HCMV感染后腮腺导管上皮细胞角蛋白丢失,其机制可能与组织蛋白酶D的表达增强有关。     

感染HCMV的腮腺导管上皮细胞CK和EMA丢失

目的 研究人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染对腮腺导管上皮细胞表型产生的影响。方法 用免疫组化方法检测腮腺巨细胞包涵体病石蜡包埋组织中巨细胞病毒以及早期抗原、CK、EMA等的表达．结果 腮腺导管上皮细胞感染人巨细胞病毒后，作为上皮性标志物的CK和EMA表达呈阴性。结论 人巨细胞病毒感染腮腺导管上皮细胞使其CK和EMA丢失。单层上皮角蛋白网具有维持上皮细胞机械力学完整性的功能。     

HCMV对涎腺导管上皮细胞组织蛋白酶D表达的影响

目的研究HCMV对涎腺导管上皮细胞组织蛋白酶D表达的影响。方法用免疫组化方法研究腮腺巨细胞包涵体病(PCID)石蜡包埋组织中组织蛋白酶D的表达;用Westernblot法研究HCMV感染对体外培养的涎腺导管上皮细胞组织蛋白酶D表达的影响;用半定量RT-PCR法研究HCMV对体外培养的涎腺导管上皮细胞组织蛋白酶D转录水平的影响。结果 PCID组织包涵体巨细胞组织蛋白酶D表达呈阳性。HCMV感染体外培养的涎腺导管上皮细胞0～96h,组织蛋白酶D前体和有活性的重链组织蛋白酶D缓慢上调但一直保持在正常水平以下;有活性的单链组织蛋白酶D很快上调,而且在96h达到正常水平的1.91倍;导管上皮细胞组织蛋白酶D的mRNA水平和蛋白水平呈反向平行关系。结论 HCMV可诱导涎腺导管上皮细胞活性单链形式组织蛋白酶D的表达上调。     

涎腺导管上皮细胞体外感染HCMV模型的建立

目的　建立涎腺导管上皮细胞体外人巨细胞病毒 (HCMV)感染模型。方法　用免疫细胞化学方法初步鉴定涎腺导管上皮细胞 (HSG)角蛋白 8(cytokeratin 8,CK8)和角蛋白 18(CK18)抗原的表达 ;观察HCMV感染HSG后导致的病变 ;观察宿主细胞中病毒颗粒的超微结构 ;用RT PCR及nest RT PCR检测HCMVIE1(即刻早期 1) /IE2基因的转录 ;用免疫细胞化学法检测HCMV感染细胞中IE1/IE2蛋白的表达。结果　呈上皮样贴壁生长的HSGCK8和CK18阳性表达 ;HCMV感染后 12小时 ( 12h .p .i.)即可见细胞病变 ,6 0h .p .i.CPE已极为明显 ,72h .p .i.绝大部分细胞出现病变。感染的HSG细胞在细胞核、内质网、细胞质中出现数量不等的 3种不同形态的疱疹病毒样颗粒。宿主细胞中可检测到HCMVIE1/IE2的转录以及IE1/IE2蛋白的表达。结论　成功建立了涎腺导管上皮细胞体外HCMV感染模型     

人巨细胞病毒包涵体--病毒核酸和特异阶段表达抗原的产物

目的 探讨人巨细胞病毒包涵体的组成及意义。方法 采用显微切割技术结合PCR和Southern杂交及免疫组织化学的催化信号扩增法，检测人巨细胞病毒的核酸和3种不同阶段表达的抗原。结果 通过液压显微切割系统将组织中巨细胞病毒包涵体游离出来，PCR扩增出预期长度的DNA片段，Southern杂交证实为HCMV的核酸片段，催化信号扩增法检测结果显示包涵体主要表达立即早期和早期抗原DDG9／CCH2，而基质蛋白AACl0则为阴性。结论 人巨细胞病毒包涵体的成分包含有病毒DNA和特异阶段表达的抗原产物。     

抗桥粒单抗在石蜡切片诊断上皮性肿瘤的应用研究

应用抗桥粒Desmoplakin I(简称DPI)单克隆抗体,采用多重PAP及多重PAP ABC法提高检测方法的敏感性,借以显示常规石蜡切片中的桥粒多肽DPI抗原,并结合角蛋白和上皮细胞膜抗原对上皮性肿瘤中DPI的表达情况作了对比研究。结果表明:阳性染色呈弥漫颗粒状或包涵体样形态分布在瘤细胞浆内。多数上皮性肿瘤中与Keratin及EMA染色结果一致,部分Keratin和EMA阴性肿瘤中也有表达。间叶组织及其肿瘤呈阴性反应。     

巨细胞病毒宫内感染与预后研究现状

巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)是一类在自然界普遍存在但又有严格种属特异性的病毒,属β疱疹病毒亚科,致人类疾病的为人巨细胞病毒(CMV)人群中感染非常普遍,但大多数呈临床不显性感染或潜伏感染,多数人在儿童期或少年期受HCMV感染后获得免疫.HCMV宫内感染可导致胎儿畸形、智力低下和发育迟缓等,严重者可引起全身性感染综合征,称为巨细胞包涵体病(cytomegalic inclusion diseses,CID).     

抗桥粒单抗在石蜡切片诊断上皮性肿瘤的应用…

应用抗桥粒ＤｓｅｍｏｐｌａｋｉｎⅠ单克隆抗体，采用多重ＰＡＰ及多重ＰＡＰ＋ＡＢＣ法提高检测方法的敏感性，借以显示常规石蜡切片中的桥粒多肽ＤＰＩ抗原，并结合角蛋白和上皮细胞膜抗原对上皮性肿瘤中ＤＰＩ的表达情况作了对比研究，结果表明：阳性染色呈弥漫颗粒状或包涵体样形态分布在瘤细胞浆内，多数上皮性肿瘤中与Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ及ＥＭＡ染色结果一致，部分Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ和ＥＭＡ阳性肿瘤中也有表达。间叶组织及其肿瘤呈     

人巨细胞病毒对体外培养的人涎腺导管上皮细胞周期的影响及其相关机制

目的 研究人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）对人涎腺导管上皮细胞（HSG）细胞周期的影响及其相关机制.方法 体外培养HSG;用RT-PCR及nest-RT-PCR法检测感染HCMV的HSG中立即早期基因（ie1/ie2）的转录;用流式细胞仪检测HCMV对HSG细胞周期的影响;用蛋白印迹技术检测HCMV感染细胞中周期素D1的表达.结果 感染HCMV的HSG中可检测到HCMV ie1/ie2的转录;HCMV通过影响细胞周期的G1/S关卡,使HSG阻滞于G1期;感染HCMV的HSG周期素D1表达下调.结论 在体外HCMV通过作用于细胞周期的G1/S关卡及下调周期素D1抑制涎腺导管上皮细胞的增殖.     

成人食管上皮细胞的体外培养及生物学特性

目的 培养成人正常食管上皮细胞,建立能够体外长期培养的食管上皮细胞系,为上皮细胞的体外研究提供实验材料.方法 取食管癌患者正常食管上皮,用0.25%Dispase酶和0.25%胰蛋白酶/0.02?TA消化获取成人食管上皮细胞,使用无血清角化细胞培养液培养,通过细胞形态学观察和角蛋白、上皮膜抗原(EMA)免疫组织化学染色鉴定细胞.结果 原代培养8d后,细胞汇合成片呈铺路石样生长,细胞角蛋白、上皮膜抗原表达阳性,可连续传代.结论 为体外分离培养成人正常食管上皮细胞建立了方便可行的方法.     

Heterogeneity of keratin expression in epithelial tumor cells of adenolymphoma in paraffin sections

Immunohistochemical expressions of keratin polypeptides detected by monoclonal antibodies were described in tumor cells of adenolymphoma, and the possibility of intercalated duct and ductal basal cells in the salivary glands being the progenitors was discussed. Basal cells in the tumor showed positive staining for keratin nos. 8, 13, 16, 18 and 19 detecting for monoclonal keratin antibodies (PKK 1, K 4.62, K 8.12, K 8.13), columnar tumor cells displayed strongly positive reactions with RPN 1164 and K4.62 suggesting keratin nos. 8 and 19. Great heterogeneity of distribution for keratin polypeptides was displayed by epithelial cells of adenolymphoma. Intercalated duct cells of normal salivary glands reacted with RPN 1164, RPN 1165, K 4.62 and K 8.13 monoclonal antibodies, which indicates the presence of keratins 8 and 19; and ductal basal cells reacted with PKK 1, K 4.62 and K 8.12, suggesting nos. 8, 13, 16, 18 and 19 keratins. Distribution of involucrin was variable in tumor epithelium of adenolymphoma, and was negative in the normal gland. The immunohistochemical distribution of keratin types between basal tumor cells of adenolymphoma and ductal basal cells of the normal salivary gland was compared.     

Cytokeratin expression in normal salivary glands and in cystadenolymphomas demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies against selective cytokeratin polypeptides

Summary The distribution of selective cytokeratin polypeptides, vimentin, and glial fibrillary protein (GFP) in 5 human cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland was compared with normal human parotid (n=5) and submandibular (n=4) glands using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against diverse and selective cytokeratin polypeptides, vimentin and glial fibrillary protein (GFP). A biotin-streptavidin method was used on cryostat sections. The immunocytochemical finding of identical cytokeratin polypeptides Nos. 7, 8, 18 and 19 and basal cells selectively labeled by the monoclonal antibody KS 8.58, in both the epithelial part of the cystadenolymphomas and in the duct epithelium of the parotid gland, confirms the hypothesis that the epithelial compartment of cystadenolymphomas is derived from the duct system. The triple expression of cytokeratin, vimentin and GFP in myoepithelial cells of the parotid gland is discussed.     

Demonstration of intermediate cells during human prostate epithelial differentiation in situ and in vitro using triple-staining confocal scanning microscopy

In human prostate epithelium, morphologically basal and luminal cells can be discriminated. The basal cell layer that putatively contains progenitor cells of the secretory epithelium is characterized by the expression of keratins (K) 5 and 14. Luminal cells represent the secretory compartment of the epithelium and express K8 and 18. We developed a technique for the simultaneous analysis of K5, 14, and 18 to identify intermediate cell stages in the prostate epithelium and to study the dynamic aspects of its differentiation in vitro. Nonmalignant prostate tissue and primary epithelial cultures were immunohistochemically characterized using triple staining with antibodies for K5, K14, and K18. Antibodies for K18 and K5 were conjugated directly with fluorochromes Alexa 488 and 546. K14 was visualized indirectly with streptavidin-Cy5. Keratin expression was analyzed by confocal scanning microscopy. The occurrence of exocrine and neuroendocrine differentiation in culture was determined via antibodies to prostate-specific antigen (PSA), chromogranin A, and serotonin. We found that basal cells expressed either K5(++)/14(++)/18+ or K5(++)/18+. The majority of luminal cells expressed K18(++), but colocalization of K5+/18(++) were recognized. Epithelial monolayer cultures predominantly revealed the basal cell phenotype K5(++)/14(++)/18+, whereas intermediate subpopulations expressing K5+/14+/18(++) and K5+/18(++) were also identified. On confluence, differentiation was induced as multicellular gland-like buds, and extensions became evident on top of the monolayer. These structures were composed of K18(++)- and K5+/18(+)-positive cell clusters surrounded by phenotypically basal cells. Few multicellular structures and cells in the monolayer showed exocrine differentiation (PSA+), but expression of chromogranin A and serotonin was absent. We conclude that simultaneous evaluation of keratin expression is useful for analyzing epithelial differentiation in the prostate. During this process, putative stem cells phenotypically resembling K5(++)/14(++)/18+ differentiate toward luminal cells (K18(++)) via intermediate cell stages, as identified by up-regulation of K18 and down-regulation of K5 and 14.     

Lymphoepithelial duct lesions in Sjögren-type sialadenitis

It is not clear, whether the so-called basal cells of the salivary striated ducts are an independent cell-type distinct from myoepithelial cells, making characterization of the cell proliferation typical of the duct lesions in Sjögren-type sialadenitis/benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLEL) difficult. An immunohistochemical investigation including different cytokeratin subtypes, α-actin, Ki-67 and Bcl-2 was directed at the epithelial cytoskeleton in normal parotid parenchyma (n=8), BLEL (n=12), HIV-associated lymphoepithelial cysts (n=8) and palatine tonsils (n=8). There are profound morphological and functional differences between basal and myoepithelial cells in the normal salivary duct. Development of duct lesions in BLEL arises from basal cell hyperplasia of striated ducts with aberrant differentiation into a multi-layered and reticulated epithelium, characterized by profound alteration of the cytokeratin pattern. This functionally inferior, metaplastic epithelium is similar to the lymphoepithelial crypt epithelium of palatine tonsils. The often postulated participation of myoepithelial cells in duct lesions of Sjögren disease/BLEL cannot be supported. We regard the designations lymphoepithelial lesion and lymphoepithelial metaplasia as the most appropriate.     

Pilus Production, Hemagglutination, and Adhesion by Porcine Strains of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Lacking K88, K99, and 987P Antigens

Three strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli which adhered, colonized intensively, and caused disease in pig intestine, but which did not produce pili of the K88, K99, or 987P antigen types were designated 3P(-) ETEC. The 3P(-) ETEC caused mannose-resistant hemagglutination, adhered to porcine intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, and produced pili. However, most bacteria taken directly from the intestine of pigs infected with 3P(-) ETEC appeared to be nonpiliated. Two preparations were isolated from the 3P(-) ETEC. One (material A) contained pili, caused mannose-sensitive hemagglutination, and did not inhibit adhesion of whole bacteria to epithelial cells in vitro. The other (material B) had no demonstrable pili, caused mannose-resistant hemagglutination, and blocked ahesion of bacteria to epithelial cells in vitro. Antiserum against an acapsular mutant (K(-)) of one 3P(-) ETEC strain was absorbed to remove antibodies directed against somatic (O) antigen. The absorbed antiserum agglutinated all three 3P(-) ETEC strains grown in the K(-) form at 37 degrees C, but not when they were grown at 18 degrees C. The absorbed antiserum blocked the hemagglutinating activity of material B, but not of material A. It also reacted (via indirect immunofluorescence) with all of the 3P(-) ETEC when they were grown in pig intestine. The results were interpreted to indicate that: (i) the epithelial adhesive and mannose-resistant hemagglutinating activities of the 3P(-) ETEC strains may be mediated by an antigen contained in material B; (ii) this antigen either is not pilus associated or is associated with pili that are not demonstrable by the methods used here; (iii) the 3P(-) ETEC strains produce type 1 pili which do not mediate their adhesion to intestinal epithelium of pigs.     

Characterization of ductular hepatocytes in end-stage cirrhosis

The existence of facultative stem cells in the liver has been advocated based on observations from models of carcinogenesis in rat liver. Observations of human liver material from cases of fulminant hepatitis have shown the presence of ductular hepatocytes expressing markers of both hepatocytes and bile duct cells. We describe the morphologic features and antigenic expression of a population of ductular hepatocytes identified in a patient with end-stage cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis B infection and secondary biliary cirrhosis. By conventional light microscopy and electron microscopy, ductular hepatocytes were seen to form pseudoductules within periportal areas. Using immunohistochemical methods, these ductular hepatocytes were found to be positive for both the hepatitis B surface antigen and bile duct epithelial cytokeratin, phenotypic markers classically restricted to expression on hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium, respectively. These findings show definitively that ductular hepatocytes are intermediate cells bearing morphologic and phenotypic characteristics of both hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium. The presence of these cells indicates the existence of facultative stem cells in the adult mammalian liver.     

MALIGNANT LYMPHOEPITHELIAL LESION

A case of undifferentiated carcinoma arising from benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLEL) of the parotid gland was studied by light and electron microscopy. Histopathologically, the carcinoma was composed of pleomorphic anaplastic cells showing an undifferentiated type among abundant lymphoid tissue forming germinal center. Among the prominent lymphoid tissue, epithelial hyperplasia, dysplasia, and squamous metaplasia of the duct epithelium were found. Dysplastic epithelium revealed a transition with carcinomatous component in some areas. On the electron microscopic observation, the tumor cells were poorly differentiated, possessing desmosomes and intracytoplasmic filaments. The patient is alive and well 2 months after resection of the tumor, but has a high titer of serum Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen in IgG. Eighty five cases of the malignant lymphoepithelial lesion (MLEL) including the present case are summarized.