社区卫生服务绩效管理信息系统的功能设计

本文按照通用性、科学性、动态性及以用户需求为导向的原则,设计了社区卫生服务绩效管理信息系统,系统的主要功能模块包括绩效计划、绩效考核、绩效评估、绩效反馈、结果应用、模型库管理及系统管理。本研究提出利用信息技术来整合绩效管理各个方面,以提高社区卫生服务的管理水平,并期望能为各地区社区卫生服务绩效管理系统的建设提供参考。     

国外社区卫生服务绩效管理和信息技术应用的现状研究

社区卫生服务（community health service,CHS）在保障居民享有基本医疗资源、提高人口健康水平等方面具有极其重要的作用。绩效管理作为一种先进的管理工具,可以促进社区卫生服务的可持续发展并提高其服务效率。部分发达国家已经在社区卫生服务领域开展了卓有成效的绩效管理机制,值得我国借鉴。本研究梳理了国外的社区卫生服务绩效管理现状,介绍了美国、英国、澳大利亚三个国家的社区卫生服务绩效管理特色以及在该领域信息技术的应用情况。以此为基础,进一步提出我国发展社区卫生服务绩效管理的相关建议。     

社区卫生服务系统绩效评价框架构建

目前绩效研究已完成从个人绩效研究向组织绩效研究的拓展，并开始向系统绩效研究延伸。我国卫生领域绩效评价已在医院、公共卫生机构、社区卫生服务机构、乡镇卫生院等多个层面开展，客观上促进了我国卫生各领域的绩效。社区卫生服务绩效研究目前主要是在机构或个人层面上开展，还未涉及到系统绩效的研究。基于社区卫生服务发展的需要，     

北京市某区社区卫生服务中心内部绩效管理实践研究与效果评价

背景北京市制定了一系列社区卫生服务中心绩效管理方面的政策,多数社区卫生服务中心以考核为主,并未形成绩效管理体系。本研究在原有内部绩效考核体系的基础上,针对存在的问题完善绩效管理,形成一套适用于全区社区卫生服务中心的绩效管理体系。目的 探讨绩效管理体系在社区卫生服务中心的内部实施效果。方法2019年本课题组对北京市通州区18所社区卫生服务中心的中心岗位设置、考核指标与权重、绩效反馈与改进等方面绩效管理现状进行基线调查。通过德尔菲专家咨询法确定绩效管理实施效果的评价指标,最终确定包含6个一级指标（服务数量、服务利用、服务质量、医务人员绩效评价、患者满意度和目标管理）、34个二级指标的《社区卫生服务中心内部绩效管理手册》（以下简称手册）。2021年对手册应用效果进行评价（服务数量、服务利用、服务质量、医务人员绩效评价、患者满意度和目标管理）。结果 2020年重点工作的服务数量、服务利用和服务质量较上年度提高,除家庭医生签约率和老年人体检真实率略低于全区平均水平,其余指标均高于全区水平;医务人员绩效评价：医务人员认为工资与工作量比较匹配和非常匹配上升了29.8%;对中心发展目标、科室发展目标和...     

基于信息化的社区卫生服务基本医疗功能评价体系构建(待续)

社区卫生服务正在向公益性、均等化方面转变,在此过程中,如何提高社区卫生服务的工作效率和管理手段至关重要,因此通过绩效管理促进社区卫生服务发展已经成为当务之急。建立以居民健康档案为核心的区域信息共享平台,在此基础上对社区卫生服务基本医疗功能进行绩效评价,使卫生管理者能动态掌握卫生服务资源和利用信息,实现科学管理和决策,从而达到有效地控制医疗费用的不合理增长、减少医疗差错、提高医疗与服务质量的目的。卫生信息化提供了一把刚性的"尺子",对建立高效、公正、科学的社区卫生服务绩效运行、评估、考核、激励机制有巨大的促进作用。在社区卫生服务管理信息化方面,信息管理系统能很好的通过绩效管理、量化考核分析、星级医患互动、服务评价分析等等相关信息化手段促进了社区卫生服务中心的服务模式和管理模式创新。     

基于组织行为学视角全科医生绩效的实证研究

目的 目前,基层医疗服务状态如同一潭"死水",低水平的社区卫生服务质量阻碍了我国新医改进程。基于此,国家开启了全面提升社区卫生服务工程。提高全科医生工作绩效成为社区卫生服务提升工程的必然选择,本研究旨在探讨社区卫生服务组织内领导风格与全科医生工作绩效的关系,检验组织主人翁行为的中介效应,为提升社区卫生服务质量提供理论依据。 方法 采用分层抽样法先抽取哈尔滨、大庆、绥化、黑河、大兴安岭和齐齐哈尔6个城市,通过会议集中调研方法,对263个社区卫生服务机构参会代表进行问卷调查。采用多元阶层回归分析法检验变量之间关系及中介效应。 结果 变革型领导对组织主人翁行为(β=0.351,P<0.01)以及全科医生绩效(β=0.286,P<0.01)具有显著正向影响,组织主人翁行为对全科医生绩效(β=0.486,P<0.01)具有显著正向影响,组织主人翁行为在二者之间扮演完全中介作用。 结论 变革型领导对全科医生绩效的影响是通过组织主人翁行为的传导从而实现,本研究从"积极心理传递、互惠理论、心理与文化建设"三个理论视角阐述其关系的作用机制,为构建科学的全科医生人力资源管理体系与组织领导力实践提供一些理论参考。      

社康中心绩效核算方法的应用和效果评价

目的探索院办院管模式下的社区卫生服务中心绩效核算方法及实施效果。方法采用数量指标、质量系数、满意度系数3个方面相结合核算社区卫生服务中心的绩效,把不直接产生经济效益的公共卫生服务项目纳入核算指标中,并对实施前后的效果进行比较。结果建立了社区卫生服务中心绩效工资核算公式,实施后基本诊疗量、公共卫生服务量、年度评估分值分别提高了35.13%、34.32%、7.15%,居民满意度和职工满意度均明显提高,与实施前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论以"数量-质量-满意度"三方相结合核算社区卫生服务中心绩效的做法,能提升社区卫生服务中心的整体服务水平和满意度。     

论社区卫生服务中心绩效评估中的效率指标

目的为配合社区卫生服务中心＂收支两条线、医保预付制＂的改革。方法强调科学设计和遴选效率指标,分析各效率指标的价值和意义,开展以效率为核心的绩效评估。结果绩效评估结果更科学,更实际,更有说服力。结论以效率为核心的绩效评估有利于促进和深化社区卫生服务的改革,有利于引导和规范社区卫生服务的行为。     

基于信息技术的社区卫生服务绩效管理研究

本研究基于绩效管理的理论,构建了社区卫生服务绩效管理业务模型,将绩效计划、绩效考核、绩效评估、绩效反馈及结果应用融合成一个有机的整体,解决了当前侧重于绩效考核、绩效管理业务流程不明确的问题;并在绩效管理的关键环节引入了考核方案知识库、评分基准库和经费测算模型库以及异常绩效知识库,以便在实现社区卫生服务绩效全过程管理的同时,提高绩效管理的灵活性和智能性。     

精细化管理提高社区卫生服务机构核心竞争力探讨

随着我国经济和社会的发展,人民群众的社区健康医疗服务需求在持续增长,社会对各社区卫生服务机构的期望值上升,必然推动相关服务功能与任务逐步扩大,由此带来社区卫生服务机构管理内容、管理方法以及管理手段等一系列的变化.同时,随着医药卫生事业体制改革的逐步深入,社区卫生服务机构生存和发展的外部环境和内部机制都发生了很大的变化.社区卫生服务产业有其自身的市场规律,作为一个社区卫生服务机构,从市场定位到产品设计,从市场营销到客户服务,从知识服务到技术支持,从人文关怀到绩效管控等都需要相对专业的人才.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.