魔芋的保健功能及其加工

魔芋具有较高的食用、药用价值。现代研究表明魔芋具有抗衰老、调节胃肠道、降血脂、减肥、降血糖、补钙、抗肿瘤和调节免疫等作用。魔芋食品种类繁多,味美,食用方便。此文主要介绍魔芋微粉胶囊、魔芋豆腐、魔芋黄豆豆腐、魔芋玉米糊、香辣魔芋黄豆干、魔芋豆奶、魔芋面条等几种常见魔芋食品的加工方法。     

魔芋是保健佳品

据现代药理研究发现,魔芋的球状块茎中所含甘露聚糖高达15%左右,含蛋白质12%以上。魔芋治疗肿瘤,颈淋巴结核、痈疔和毒蛇咬伤,无论内服外敷都有较好的效果。但是目前很多人对经磨粉、溶解、加热凝聚制成的食用魔芋的保健作用,却仍没有足够的认识。魔芋还是一种低热量、高纤维素食品,有降血脂、降血压和通大便的作用。多吃一些魔芋对高血脂、糖尿病有肯定的治疗和预防作用。魔芋不失为一种理想的保健佳品。据报道,华西医科大学专家用食用魔芋,对成都地区两所老年大学183名高血脂症患者进行了试用治疗,发现服食者的血清甘油三酯、血清胆固醇、…     

魔芋食品对糖尿病患者血糖影响的研究

用含低蛋白质、低脂肪、低热能、高膳食纤维的魔芋精粉添加制成的食品,对72名Ⅱ型糖尿病患者(包括糖耐量降低者)进行研究。经多元方差分析,受试者食用魔芋食品30天及65天的空腹血糖(FBG),餐后二小时血糖(PBG)均比食用前显著下降(P=0.001,P<0.001);试验末的糖化血红蛋白(GHb)比试验前也有显著下降(P<0.05),FBG-0(试验前空腹血糖)≥200mg％者在试验末FBG,PBG分别平均下降51.8及84.6mg％,150mg％≤FBG-0<200mg％者分别平均下降24.7及68.67mg％,FBG-0<150mg％者分别平均下降4.83及21.42mg％,有关血脂的指标在试验前后无明显变化,但13例高甘油三酯者在试验末有显著改善(P<0.05)。结果表明,魔芋食品是糖尿病人的一种较为理想的食品,它不仅可以作为食品享用,还有降低血糖,改善症状和控制病情的效果。     

魔芋低聚甘露糖通便功能研究

[目的]研究魔芋低聚甘露糖对小鼠的通便作用。[方法]采用动物实验,选用雄性ICR小鼠,按体重随机分为空白对照组、便秘模型对照组和250 mg/kg.bw、500 mg/kg.bw、750 mg/kg.bw 3个实验组。进行小肠推进实验,测量小鼠体重,测量并计算小鼠小肠墨汁推进率;排便实验,记录首次排便时间、6 h排便粒数和重量。[结果]各组小鼠实验结束时体重差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。与空白对照组比较,便秘模型对照组小鼠小肠墨汁推进率降低,首次排黑便时间延长,6 h排便粒数和6 h粪重均减少,差异均有统计学意义。500 mg/kg.bw和750 mg/kg.bw魔芋低聚甘露糖组小鼠小肠推进率高于便秘模型对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);500 mg/kg.bw和750 mg/kg.bw魔芋低聚甘露糖组小鼠首次排黑便时间早于便秘模型对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01,P﹤0.05),250 mg/kg.bw魔芋低聚甘露糖组小鼠6 h排便粒数多于便秘模型对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。[结论]魔芋低聚甘露糖对小鼠具有通便作用。     

魔芋食品对便秘者肠道功能的影响

本文观察便秘者食用加魔芋精粉的食品前后肠道功能的变化。结果表明,魔芋食品能增加平均每日粪湿重(相当于1g魔芋精粉增重11.4g)和粪便含水量,能缩短肠道运转时间和平均一次排便时间。肠道细菌总数基本稳定,需氧活菌数和厌氧活菌数增加,以双歧杆菌为指示菌的厌氧菌占优势。     

魔芋属四种植物的营养成分分析

魔芋属四种植物的营养成分分析崔熙，李松林，周平，任延军（南京军区药品检验所，南京２１０００２）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＮｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｉｎＡｎｏｔｈｅｒＦｏｕｒＡｍｏｒｐｈｏｐｈａｌｌｕｓＲｉｖｉｅｒｉ￥ＣｕｉＸｉ；ＬｉＳｈｏｎ...     

魔芋精粉对五种二价金属离子的体外结合研究

本研究采用体外模拟体内胃肠道环境某些条件用透析方法研究了魔芋精粉与Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋的结合。并探讨了加热处理、ｐＨ改变及环境共存离子的竞争作用对结合的影响。结果表明，魔芋精粉与五种离子的结合具ｐＨ依赖性，ｐＨ５￣５．６时发生不同程度的结合，ｐＨ１．５时无结合，ｐＨ６．５时随离子浓度增加魔芋精粉与Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋的结合降低，与Ｃａ＾２＋的结合增加，与Ｚｎ     

氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

目的研究氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖(oxidized konjac glucomannan,OKGM)对小鼠免疫功能的影响,探讨其对小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法 200只雌性昆明种小鼠随机分成正常对照组(灌胃蒸馏水)和阳性组(灌胃具有免疫增强功能的保健食品氨基酸口服液)及OKGM低、中、高剂量组(0.075、0.75、2.25g/kg bw)共5个试验组。每日1次进行灌胃,其间进行小鼠生长情况观察,连续30d后进行脏器/体重比值测定、NK细胞活性、碳廓清实验及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞(cock red blood cells,CRBC)的实验、抗体生成细胞检测和血清溶血素实验。结果对小鼠的体重增长和胸腺及脾脏指数无影响。小鼠NK细胞活性:在低、中、高剂量组、阳性对照组与正常对照组间比较有显著的差异(P<0.05),且具有剂量差异性。小鼠碳廓清实验:在低、中、高剂量组、阳性组与正常对照组间比,吞噬指数均差异非常显著(P<0.01),且呈现明显的剂量效应。腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验:吞噬率和吞噬指数在中、高剂量组、阳性对照组与正常对照组间比均差异非常显著(P<0.01),而低剂量组与正常对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。抗体生成细胞数:在低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组与阴性对照组间比均差异非常显著(P<0.01),且产生的空斑数呈剂量效应,但各剂量组的抗体生成细胞数均不及阳性对照组高。小鼠血清溶血数(血凝法)实验:与阴性对照组比,低剂量组和阳性组均差异显著(P<0.05),而中、高剂量组则差异非常显著(P<0.01),且呈剂量效应。说明小鼠NK细胞活性、小鼠单核-巨噬细胞实验、小鼠体液免疫功能实验结果均呈阳性。结论OKGM能增强小鼠免疫功能。     

减肥食品——L肉碱、魔芋精粉

国外的健身房里女孩们常喝的一种饮料包装上写着：L-carnitine．这就是国内流行用来减肥的L-肉碱。L-肉碱真的有减肥功效吗？下面我们就来具体地剖析一下。[编者按]     

魔芋葡甘聚糖对肥胖及糖尿病小鼠的治疗作用

魔芋 (Konjac)为天南星科 (Araceae)魔芋属(Amorphophallus blume)多年生草木植物的块茎 ,广泛分布于长江流域及以南广大地区。中医用于治疗痈肿风毒等。近年研究发现其中含有丰富的葡甘聚糖 (glucomanan,KGM) ,具有多方面的生理活性和广泛的应用价值 ,并能降低血脂、防治糖尿病 [1]。　　本实验建立谷氨酸单钠盐 (MSG)小鼠肥胖模型和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型 ,观察 KGM对小鼠肥胖症和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　动物　　正常昆明种小鼠 ,体重 (1 9± 2 ) g,购自华中科技大学同济医学院医学实验动物中心…     

魔芋葡甘聚糖防治代谢综合症开发前景

目的探讨魔芋葡甘露聚糖防治代谢综合症开发前景。方法分析和总结相关的魔芋葡甘露聚糖文献。结果魔芋葡甘露聚糖是有明显的抗癌、通便、降血糖、降血压、降血脂、减肥等功效。结论魔芋葡甘露聚糖防治代谢综合症开发前景广阔。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖对鹌鹑脂肪肝的实验性治疗

魔芋(Konjac)为天南星科(Araceae)魔芋属(Amorphophallus blume)多年生草木植物的块茎，广泛分布于长江流域及以南广大地区。近年发现其中含有丰富的葡甘聚糖(Konjac glucomanan，KGM)，具有多方面的生理活性和广泛的应用价值。如能降低实验动物血清胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平，并似有抑制高血脂动物肝脏脂变的作用。本实验观察KGM对实验性鹌鹑脂肪肝模型的治疗作用。     

Association between Ultra-processed Food Consumption and Dietary Intake and Diet Quality in Korean Adults

BackgroundFood environments have changed rapidly, and the global interest in ultra-processed foods has increased. Ultra-processed foods are typically energy dense, high in sugars and fat, and low in fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins.ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of Korean adults and to examine the association between ultra-processed food consumption and dietary intake and diet quality.DesignThis study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018).Participants/settingsA total of 16,657 adults aged ≥19 years who completed a 1-day 24-hour recall.Main outcome measuresAbsolute and relative intake of energy and nutrients were measured and dietary quality was assessed using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI).Statistical analysisMultiple regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used to examine the association between quintiles of ultra-processed foods dietary energy contribution and dietary intake and quality.ResultsMean reported daily energy intake was 2,031 kcal, with 25.1% of calories coming from ultra-processed foods. Mean energy contribution from ultra-processed foods ranged from 3.6% kcal (Q1) to 52.4% kcal (Q5). Energy contribution of ultra-processed foods was positively associated with reported intake of daily energy, total sugars, and total and saturated fat and inversely associated with reported intake of carbohydrates, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. Both sodium and potassium were negatively associated with percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods. However, the sodium-to-potassium ratio was high regardless of quintile of energy contribution from ultra-processed foods, and the ratio was positively associated with percentage of total energy from ultra-processed foods. Although the KHEI score was inversely associated with percentage of daily energy from ultra-processed foods, all levels of ultra-processed food consumption were associated with poor diet quality.ConclusionsThe ultra-processed foods consumption of Korean adults accounted for one fourth of daily energy intake, and a higher dietary energy contribution from ultra-processed foods was associated with poorer dietary intakes and a lower dietary quality. Further studies are needed to understand factors influencing selection and consumption of ultra-processed foods and to identify effective strategies to promote healthy food choices.     

浅谈转基因食品的安全性问题

随着国际间贸易往来及新型食品的飞速发展,国内外各类食品安全事件接连不断,转基因食品的安全性问题也成为当今各国政府、消费者和科技界广为关注的焦点问题之一,成为了国家公共安全体系中的一个重要组成部分。本文就转基因食品对人类健康及生态环境可能存在的潜在危害进行了分析,并就有关转基因食品的安全性争论进行了讨论。     

宁波市休闲食品中食品添加剂使用状况分析

目的:了解宁波市休闲食品中食品添加剂使用状况。方法:对2009年-2010年3类休闲食品的9类食品添加剂使用情况进行分析。结果:合格率最高为糖果类(100%),其次是膨化食品类(92.2%),最低为蜜饯凉果类(48.1%)。不合格原因主要存在防腐剂和甜味剂的使用上。其中二氧化硫残留量是超标的最重要原因,其他分别是甜蜜素、苯甲酸、糖精钠、安赛蜜、胭脂红。结论:建议食品监管部门加强对休闲食品的食品添加剂过量、超范围使用管理。     

Processing,cooking, and cooling affect prebiotic concentrations in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)

Lentil is an important staple food crop in many regions and is a good source of protein and various micronutrients. Lentil also contains raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO), resistant starch (RS), and other prebiotic compounds essential for maintenance of healthy gastrointestinal microflora. However, there is a lack of information about concentrations of prebiotics in commercially available, cooked, and processed lentil market classes. This study assessed concentrations of RFO and RS in two commercially available lentil market classes (medium green and small red) and determined changes associated with dehulling, cooking, cooling, and reheating. Mean total RFO concentrations ranged from 5.5 to 6.1% in raw lentils. Total RFO concentration decreased from raw to reheated seeds in two of the four lentil products: whole red (6.1–4.9%) and whole green (5.5–4.3%). Mean RS concentrations in raw, cooked, cooled, and reheated lentil (3.0, 3.0, 5.1, and 5.1% (dry weight), respectively) clearly demonstrate cooling-induced synthesis of RS from gelatinized starch. These results highlight the impact and importance of processing techniques on lentil nutritional quality for both consumer and food industry use.     

Country food sharing networks,household structure,and implications for understanding food insecurity in Arctic Canada

We examine the cultural context of food insecurity among Inuit in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada. An analysis of the social network of country food exchanges among 122 households in the settlement reveals that a household’s betweenness centrality—a measure of brokerage—in the country food network is predicted by the age of the household. The households of married couples were better positioned within the sharing network than were the households of single females or single males. Households with an active hunter or elder were also better positioned in the network. The households of single men and women appear to experience limited access to country food, a considerable problem given the increasing number of single-adult households over time. We conclude that the differences between how single women and single men experience constrained access to country foods may partially account for previous findings that single women in arctic settlements appear to be at particular risk for food insecurity.