人血浆中尼美舒利的高效液相色谱法测定及其药代动力学研究

以对羟基联苯为内标设计了血浆中尼美舒利的高效液相色谱测定法。色谱柱为Ｈｙｐｅｒｓｉｌ ＯＤＳ２ ２０ｃｍ×４．６ｍｍ ＩＤ５μｍ，流动相为甲醇－水－冰醋酸（６０：４０：１），流速１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，检测波长为２３０ｎｍ。血样经盐酸溶液酸化反以乙醚提取，回收率为８１．５３％￣８９．１７％，血浆中尼美舒利的最低检出浓度为０．０２μｇ／ｍｌ，线性范围为０．１￣２０μｇ／ｍｌ。１０名志愿者随机交叉ｐｏ单剂量２     

海南地区新生儿肾上腺的观测

从海南地区固定的足月新生儿尸体４４例中取肾上腺８８个（男的４２个，女的４６个），男女合计，测得新生儿肾上腺的高、宽、厚，左侧分别是１８．７１±３．６４ｍｍ（下同）、２９．６２±４．３２ｍｍ、５．５３±１．４１ｍｍ，右侧分别是２１．２７±３．８７ｍｍ、２８．７６±４．４２ｍｍ、５．４５±１．４７ｍｍ；测得新生儿肾上腺重量、体积，左侧分别是２．８３±０．９６ｇ、２．７３±０．９６ｃｍ３，右侧分别是２．６２±０．８７ｇ、２．５３±０．８８ｃｍ３。     

HPLC法测定冬虫夏草中腺苷含量

采用甲醇为溶剂,提取冬虫夏草及其虫体、子座中的核苷类成分,用ＨＰＬＣ法测定腺苷的含量;色谱条件以μＢｏｎｄａｐａｋ Ｃ_(１８)（４．６ ｍｍ × ２５０ ｍｍ,１０μｍ）为色谱柱,０．０１ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钠-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液（ｐＨ６．５）－ 甲醇（８５： １５）为流动相,检测波长 ＵＶ２６０ ｎｍ,ｒ＝０．９９９９,线性范围 ０．２～１μｇ,回收率１０４．５％。     

阻滞大鼠面神经后核内侧区对节律性呼吸的影响

用氨基甲酸乙酯（１．０ｇ／ｋｇ体重）腹腔麻醉ＳＤ大鼠，以膈肌放电和气管内压作为呼吸的指标。脑内注入微量１％ｐｒｏｃａｉｎｅ，双侧对称地阻滞闩前１．８－２．０ｍｍ，中线旁开１．８－２．０ｍｍ，背侧表面下２．８－３．３ｍｍ区域后，全部动物都出现了可逆性呼吸停止。用同样方法阻滞孤束核区，疑核区和延髓头端区对节律性呼吸无明显影响。经组织学检查，阻滞引起呼吸停止的区域为面神经后核及其内侧的区域，其范围为０．８ｍｍ×０．８ｍｍ×０．８ｍｍ。     

核素显像法测定肾小球滤过率及其临床应用的价值

用９９ｍ锝－二乙三胺五乙酸（９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＴＰＡ）显像法测定了８４例受检者的肾小球滤过率（ＧＦＲ）。１５例正常人ＧＦＲ为１１４．５±１２．９ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１／１．７３ｍ２；泌尿系结石组及慢性肾炎组病人ＧＦＲ分别为６７．６±３７．２ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１／１．７３ｍ２及５３．２±３６．５ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１／１．７３ｍ２，与正常组比较差异有极显著意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）；原发性高血压组病人ＧＦＲ为８８．１±４０．３ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１／１．７３ｍ２，较正常组有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。５３例病人的自身对比研究证实，ＧＦＲ明显比尿素氮和肌酐灵敏（Ｐ＜０．００１），且该方法在测定总肾功能的同时，可显示分肾功能及肾脏形态学方面的资料。讨论了该法测定ＧＦＲ的注意事项。     

反相HPLC法测定兰索拉唑原料及片剂的含量

介绍反相ＨＰＬＣ法测定兰索拉唑及片剂的含量，以Ｃ１８为色谱柱（４．６ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ），流动相为甲醇－水－三乙胺－磷酸（７００：３００：５：１．５），用磷酸（１－１０）调ＰＨ＝７．３±０．１，检测波长２８４ｎｍ，线性范围在０．５－４．０μｇ，ｒ＝０．９９９９；平均回收率为９９．８％，ＲＳＤ＝０．５％。     

快速石蜡制片经验介绍

快速石蜡制片经验介绍吴绮明（病理解剖教研室南昌３３０００６）１材料和方法１．１取材要求：取材时，要求组织标本≤１．０ｃｍ３×１．０ｃｍ３×０．１５ｃｍ３。１．２制片程序１）甲醛－乙醇混合液（４０％甲醛９５％乙醇＝１９）固定２～３ｍｉｎ，７０～８０℃。...     

离体人冠状动脉球囊损伤后血小板沉积量的实验研究

建立了离体人冠状动脉球囊损伤模型，用１２５Ｉ标记血小板，观察损伤后的人冠状动脉内皮下血小板沉积量。结果显示：未损伤段冠状动脉内表面沉积血小板数为１．２２±０．３４×１０￣６／ｃｍ￣２和４９．３６±１５．８６×１０￣６／ｇ（标本干重，下同）；损伤段为１１．８８±２．６７×１０￣６／ｃｍ￣２和３５７．２８±７２．５３×１０￣６／ｇ，较前者显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１，ｎ＝４）。     

延髓腹面降压区与肾血管阻抗的关系（Ⅰ）

实验用３００～３５０ｇ雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，氨基甲酸乙酯腹腔麻醉。电刺激（０．２ｍｓ４０μＡ１００Ｈｚ８ｓ）并经兴奋性氨基酸Ｌ－谷氨酸（Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）检测性验证，提示大鼠延髓尾端Ⅻ对脑神经丛第三支根部１ｍｍ×１ｍｍ区域为降压区（ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｏｒａｒｅａｉｎｖｅｎｔｒａｌｓｕｒｆａｃｅｏｆｍｅｄｕｌｌａｏｂｌｏｎｇａｔａ，ＶＳＭｄ）。电刺激该区可见平均动脉血压（ＭＡＰ）以１６．９９的斜率下降，最大百分数为２６．８２±８．９３（Ｐ＜０．０１　。ｎ＝１０）．其下降率与刺激时间呈对数式关系。Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ微量注射后。在降压的同时心率（ＨＲ）减慢，分别为２．６７±０．４７ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０１）和３０．３３±４．２３ｍｉｎ￣（－１）（Ｐ＜０．００１，ｎ＝６）。切断双侧迷走神经后降压和减心率反应减弱，分别为１．４６±０．４５ｋＰａ和５．６±４．８ｍｉｎ￣（－１）（Ｐ＜０．０１；ｎ＝５）；双侧损毁肾交感神经，基础ＭＡＰ下降，同时降压反应被削弱，为１．８１±０．４９ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０１）但对减心率反应无影响（Ｐ＞０．０５，ｎ＝５）。     

小剂量IL－2促进大鼠脑损伤后记忆功能恢复

目的：为探讨白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）对脑损伤后记忆功能恢复的作用机理。方法：采用测方液压大鼠脑损伤模型，观察侧脑室注射（ｉｃｖ）ｒｈＩＬ－２对大鼠记忆功能和组织病理变化的影响。实验选用雄性ＳＤ大鼠，伤后１～３ｄ连续ｉｃｖｒｈＩＬ－２，分３组（３０，６０，３００Ｕ），ＮＳ治疗为对照组。水迷宫试验测定大鼠记忆功能。结果：发现ｒｈＩＬ－２能明显改善大鼠脑损伤后学习记忆功能，尤以６０Ｕ治疗效果最为显著；并且能缩小皮层空洞，６０Ｕ组伤后２周时的空洞面积为０．０７ｍｍ×０．１０ｍｍ，ＮＳ组为０．５１ｍｍ×１．０ｍｍ，相差显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ｒｈＩＬ－２治疗组海马ＣＡ２，ＣＡ３区神经元死亡较少。结论：小剂量ＩＬ－２对神经元具有显著保护作用和促进创伤修复作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.