经胸乳途径全腔镜下甲状腺手术的临床分析

目的探讨腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺疾病的可行性、安全性及临床引用价值。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年10月共开展完全经乳晕入路甲状腺手术53例患者的临床资料。结果53例患者均完成腔镜手术,无中转开放手术。行甲状腺单叶切除术20例,单叶次全切除术5例,甲状腺双叶次全切除术6例,单叶全切除＋对侧叶次全切除术。术后病理诊断均为良性,其中结节性甲状腺肿41例,腺瘤12例,术后无饮水、呛咳,无手足麻木、抽搐及其他并发症。平均手术时间116min（93～147min）。术后2—3d拔出引流管,平均住院时间5．5d（4—7d）,切口均甲级愈合,1例结节性甲状腺肿伴甲状腺功能亢进术后未出现甲状腺危象,1例甲状腺结节肿块直径6．5cm完整切除。结论完全经乳晕入路的甲状腺腔镜手术是一种疗效可靠、美容效果极佳的手术。     

胸乳入路完全腔镜下行甲状腺切除术与传统开放手术的疗效比较

目的对比分析胸乳入路完全腔镜下行甲状腺切除术与传统开放手术的疗效。方法将该院2014-02~2016-10收治的87例甲状腺结节患者分为腔镜组(n=42)和传统组(n=45),腔镜组采取胸乳入路完全腔镜下行甲状腺切除术,传统组行传统开放手术。比较两组患者手术治疗效果。结果腔镜组手术时间、住院费用明显高于传统组(P0.05),而术中出血量、术后颈部恢复活动时间、住院时间、术后镇痛药使用率均少于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。腔镜组颈部皮肤紧张感及美容满意度评分均明显优于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸乳入路完全腔镜下甲状腺切除术具有术中出血量少、术后恢复快、美容效果好等优点,值得临床推广。     

经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的临床应用观察

目的观察经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的临床效果。方法甲状腺疾病患者127例,68例选择乳晕入路行腔镜甲状腺切除术（腔镜组）,59例行开放甲状腺切除术（开放组）,比较两组手术时间、出血量、术后引流量、术后并发症及患者满意度。结果两组出血量、术后引流量、术后并发症及患者满意度相比,P均〈0.05。结论经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺疾病安全、有效。     

传统开放甲状腺切除术与腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的临床效果比较

目的比较传统开放甲状腺切除术与腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的临床效果。方法95例甲状腺良性疾病患者根据手术方式不同分为腔镜组55例和开放组40例,分别采用经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术和传统开放甲状腺手术治疗。结果两组手术均能顺利完成。与开放组比较,腔镜组美容满意度较高、手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后住院时间短、住院费用高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。两组术中、术后均未发生明显并发症。结论经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术具有美容效果显著、手术创伤小、术后恢复快、术后住院时间短等优势。     

胸乳晕入路胸腔镜下甲状腺切除术应用效果观察

目的观察胸乳晕入路胸腔镜下甲状腺切除术的疗效。方法胸腔镜下为50例甲状腺疾病患者行经胸乳晕入路甲状腺切除术,术后病理检查提示其中甲状腺腺瘤30例,结节性甲状腺肿15例,甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）1例,甲状腺乳头状癌4例。结果 50例手术均获成功,其中4例因病理提示为甲状腺乳头状癌,遂中转行传统甲状腺癌根治术。平均手术时间100 m in,术中出血约50 m l,术后平均48~72 h拔除引流管,术后5 d出院。术后3例出现短暂声音嘶哑,3个月后恢复,可能与超声刀切割时过分靠近喉返神经导致喉返神经热损伤所致。结论胸乳晕入路胸腔镜下甲状腺切除术疗效满意。     

经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术与传统手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的效果比较

目的比较经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术与传统手术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析136例接受手术治疗的甲状腺良性肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中观察组经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术68例,对照组行传统开放性甲状腺手术68例,对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、切口疼痛、术后并发症、住院时间,住院费用等。结果观察组手术时间长,术中出血量少,引流量少,住院时间短,住院费用高,切口疼痛比例少,并发症发生率低,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访半年,未出现甲状腺功能减退和复发。结论经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术出血量少、住院时间短、疼痛轻、无瘢痕,是一种安全、可靠的手术方式,值得临床推广。     

经胸乳入路的腔镜甲状腺肿瘤切除术-附56例报告

目的探讨腔镜甲状腺肿瘤切除术的方法与优缺点。方法采用胸部乳晕入路行腔镜甲状腺切除术56例,其中结节性甲状腺肿53例、甲状腺癌3例。结果成功完成手术54例。手术时间88.5(50~210)min,行单侧甲状腺肿瘤切除术12例,甲状腺单叶大部分切除16例,甲状腺双叶大部分切除24例,甲癌行甲状腺单叶并峡部全切除2例。中转开放手术2例。无神经或甲状旁腺损伤等严重并发症。术后住院时间4.2(3~7)天,术后随访1~13月,无复发,病人均对手术的美容效果满意。结论内镜甲状腺手术是一种安全、理想的手术方法,微小切口选择在身体的隐蔽位置,具有很好的美容效果。     

经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗良性甲状腺病变的疗效分析

目的分析经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术对良性甲状腺病变的治疗效果。方法选取2014-03~2016-03间该院良性甲状腺病变手术患者52例,随机分为观察组26例,采取经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术;对照组26例,采取开放式甲状腺手术。对两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、住院时长及手术并发症进行比较。结果两组治疗有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、住院时长相比对照组均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组手术并发症发生率较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论临床上对良性甲状腺病变患者采取经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术,可明显减少手术并发症的发生,有利于手术伤口愈合,且能缩短住院天数,减少患者痛苦及经济负担。     

经胸骨前入路腔镜下甲状腺手术保留颈前肌筋膜的可行性研究

1997年Huscher等〔1〕完成了首例腔镜下甲状腺手术,因其具有术后美观、创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点,在临床中已得到广泛应用,但其术后患部肿胀、紧迫感等并发症及存在中转开放手术等不足亦逐渐显露出来。我们对经胸骨前入路腔镜下甲状腺手术方法进行了改良,术中保留了颈前肌筋膜,术后并发症明显减轻,取得了较好效果。1临床资料1.1一般资料对照组(切除颈前肌筋膜)15例,男4例,女11例,年龄32～60岁(平均43.4岁),其中甲状腺腺瘤10例,左侧6例,右侧4例;结节性甲状腺肿5例,肿瘤直径1.2～4.3cm。保留组(保留颈前肌筋膜)30例,男6例,女24例。年龄33…     

经口腔前庭入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术与传统开放手术的疗效比较

目的比较经口腔前庭入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术与传统开放手术的疗效。方法将该院2019-01～2020-01收治的50例早期甲状腺乳头状癌患者按手术方式分为腔镜组(n=22)和开放组(n=28)。腔镜组采取经口腔前庭入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术,开放组行传统开放手术。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、美容满意度评分及术后并发症等情况。结果腔镜组手术时间、术后引流量均长于或多于开放组(P均0. 05),腔镜组术后视觉模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分低于开放组、美容满意度评分高于开放组(P均0. 05)。但两组术中出血量、住院时间、淋巴结清扫数量比较差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05)。两组均未出现永久性声嘶、血肿、永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,腔镜组1例出现感染,开放组1例出现积液。结论经口腔前庭入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术是安全、可行、有效的手术方式,且美容效果好,值得临床推广。     

Evaluation of voice function after BABA robotic thyroid lobectomy: A comparative analysis with endoscopic thyroid lobectomy

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of robotic thyroid lobectomy via Bilateral Axlio-Breast Approach (BABA) and endoscopic thyroid lobectomy on the voice function. A total of 125 patients with thyroid cancer from March 2021 to July 2022 were divided into the robotic thyroid lobectomy group and the endoscopic thyroid lobectomy group. Acoustic index and voice handicap index (VHI-10) were compared between the 2 groups before and after (1 week, 1 month, 3 month) the surgery. In the robotic group, VHI-10 score was not significantly different before and after the surgery. In the endoscopic group, VHI-10 score after the surgery was significantly higher than that before the surgery. In the endoscopic group, the fundamental frequency (F0) declined significantly 1 week and 1 month after the surgery compared with that before the surgery. One week after surgery, F0 in the endoscopic group was (197.91 ± 24.15) Hz, which was significantly lower than that (206.77 ± 20.13) Hz in the robotic group. In the robotic group, there was no obvious decline in F0 and MPT in each follow-up period after surgery compared with those before surgery. In the endoscopic group, MPT declined significantly 1 week after the surgery compared with that before surgery. One week after surgery, MPT in the endoscopic group was (13.02 ± 9.28) s, which was significantly lower than that (17.55 ± 9.25) s in the robotic groups. There were no significant differences in Shimmer, Jitter, DSI and NHR during all postoperative follow-up periods compared with those before surgery in both groups. The voice function of robotic thyroid lobectomy via BABA is superior to endoscopic thyroid lobectomy.     

Minimally invasive thyroid surgery

Endoscopic surgery is often considered to be 'minimally invasive surgery' in the light of recent technical developments. Endoscopic neck surgery, including thyroid and parathyroid surgery, has developed rapidly over the past 2 years. The various techniques of thyroid surgery, including sites of incision and procedures for creating adequate working space, are described here. The cosmetic benefits of endoscopic versus conventional open surgery were evaluated by questionnaires sent to two groups of patients. The lower invasiveness of endoscopic surgery in terms of operating time and amount of bleeding is also discussed. Endoscopic surgery with a new, totally gasless anterior neck skin lifting method, with which we have now had much experience, will be described and its advantages discussed.     

Mini-invasive video-assisted surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands: A 2011 update

Thyroid surgery during the last century was characterized by a development of Kocher's concepts: through a relentless work of surgeons from all over the world thyroidectomy reached a standard of quality in terms of overall results which was unimaginable in the first half of the XX century. The flattering data collected in the literature until the 90's were all concordant in assuming that there would be little space for a real improvement in the quality standard of thyroid surgery. The introduction of laparoscopic surgery, though, changed very quickly the attitude of surgeons towards their operative behavior and countless new mini-invasive techniques were soon proposed for almost any field of surgery. In 1994, Gagner published the first series of laparoscopic adrenalectomies. Soon after, parathyroid adenomas seemed to offer an ideal field of application of these new surgical concepts. The first report of an endoscopic parathyroidectomy was in 1996. One year later other videoscopic procedures were described whose results seemed quite encouraging so as to push surgeons to try the same access and the same technique also for operations on thyroid. During the following decade several endoscopic or video-assisted approaches were proposed for the removal of thyroid gland. This paper aims to evaluate the results of minimally invasive thyroid and parathyroid surgery through an extensive review of the literature, in particular as far as minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy is concerned.     

Endoscopic thyroidectomy for solitary thyroid nodules.

Conventional thyroidectomy often leaves an undesirable scar on the anterior neck. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic thyroidectomy, a new minimally invasive technique for thyroid surgery. Between September 1998 and February 2000, 18 patients with a solitary thyroid nodule underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy utilizing CO2 insufflation. There were 16 females and 2 males with a mean age of 43 years (range 17-66 years). Indications for surgery included indeterminate cytology (n = 8), follicular neoplasm (n = 8), Hürthle cell neoplasm (n = 1), and toxic thyroid nodule (n = 1). The mean nodule diameter was 2.7 cm (0.6-7 cm). Analgesic requirement, return to normal activity, and cosmetic results were compared to 18 consecutive patients who had conventional thyroidectomy. Sixteen of 18 cases were successfully completed endoscopically with a mean operating time of 220 minutes (range, 120-330 minutes). There were no major complications, but 3 patients developed mild hypercarbia and 1 patient had an incidental parathyroidectomy. When compared to conventional thyroidectomy, patients undergoing endoscopic thyroidectomy had a significantly superior cosmetic result (p < 0.005) and a quicker return to normal activity (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in analgesic requirement. Endoscopic thyroidectomy is a technically feasible and safe procedure that leads to an improved cosmetic result and a quicker recovery. Open completion thyroidectomy is recommended for thyroid carcinoma until more data are available.     

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in an adolescent girl with hypertrophic lingual thyroid

We present a 14‐year‐old girl whose initial diagnosis was obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with symptoms of habitual snore, sleep breath holding, shortness of breath, and lump in throat. Lingual thyroid was diagnosed by thyroid scan and histology, and was treated by radioactive iodine therapy and endoscopic carbon dioxide laser therapy. Her OSAS completely subsided after lingual thyroid surgery. Physicians should be aware of rare causes of OSAS in children, such as lingual thyroid and certainly if accompanied by difficulties in swallowing and speech problems. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:93–95. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Advances in surgical therapy for thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and its incidence has dramatically increased over the past three decades. Well-differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) are the main focus of this article, as they represent >90% of thyroid malignancies. This Review provides an overview of the controversies surrounding the optimal choice of surgery and extent of resection for patients with low-risk DTC or with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, and the role of prophylactic central lymph node dissection. This Review also outlines the current surgical management of DTC and presents updated results for these techniques, along with important advances and current dilemmas in surgical approaches to treatment of these cancers. For example, endoscopic and robotic thyroidectomy are the two most recent innovations to present technical and other challenges to the endocrine surgeon; in addition, the risks as well as the advantages of same-day thyroid surgery, which has gained some acceptance, are detailed. Arguments for and against each approach are presented, along with supporting evidence. The authors' personal opinions are also provided for each topic.     

A case of hemangiosarcoma in thyroid with severe anemia due to bone marrow metastasis

A 56-year-old woman presented with rapidly enlarging thyroid mass and deep anemia. There was no history of gastrointestinal bleeding, and endoscopic examinations of the gastrointestinal system were normal. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the thyroid nodule was suspicious. After blood transfusion, total thyroidectomy was performed. Postoperative histopathological examination of the specimen revealed hemangiosarcoma of the thyroid. After establishment of the diagnosis chemotherapy was started. But hemoglobin values decreased again and hepatosplenomegaly developed at the second month of surgery. Bone marrow aspiration cytology which was performed demonstrated the same tumoral cells infiltrating bone marrow. The patient died at 12th week after surgery. Thyroid hemangiosarcoma can metastasize to the bone marrow and anemia may be an indicator of the advanced disease. In the differential diagnosis of the anemia, bone marrow metastasis and bone marrow biopsy should be considered in suspected cases.     

Endoscopic thyroid surgery today: a diversity of surgical strategies.

The advancement of video-assisted minimally invasive surgery in this decade fostered the successful attempt at endoscopic thyroidectomy in 1997. This technically demanding surgery is now being evaluated in a small number of specialized centers. The procedure earned the most attention in Japan and is performed in more than 20 centers; a conference dedicated to the technique was held in Japan in 2001. By retrieving information from published or presented articles and direct personal communications, we report on the multitude of surgical strategies designed by different experts to enable relocalization of the surgical wounds to optimize cosmesis to the patient while complying with the gold standard of thyroid surgery.     

Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from downhill esophageal varices

Two cases of proximal esophageal varices due to a primary and a recurrent goiter are reported. One of the patients presented with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 44 years after subtotal resection of a thyroid gland. Downhill esophageal varices may serve as collaterals either to bypass superior vena caval obstruction via the azygous vein or to drain the superior systemic system to the portal vein when both the superior vena cava and the azygous vein are occluded. They may also arise, as in our bleeding patient, from previous thyroid surgery without any symptoms of superior vena caval congestion. Therefore, downhill varices should be suspected as the origin of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage not only in patients with obvious superior vena caval obstruction, but also in any case of thyroid disease or a history of thyroid surgery. If conservative measures are insufficient, emergency management may include balloon tamponade or endoscopic sclerotherapy.