Development and evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire for Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

The objectives of this study were to develop a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea and to evaluate the validity of the FFQ. A total of 80 food items were selected in developing the FFQ according to consumption frequency, the contribution of energy and other nutrients, and the cooking methods based on one-day 24 hour recall (24HR) from 918 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2006 and November 2007. The FFQ was validated by comparison with 24HR of 425 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2008 and August 2009. The absolute nutrient intake calculated from the FFQ was higher than that estimated by 24HR for most nutrients. The correlation coefficients between 24HR and FFQ ranged from 0.10 (vitamin C) - 0.36 (energy) for crude intake, 0.05 (vitamin E) - 0.32 (calcium) for per 1000 kcal, and 0.08 (zinc) - 0.34 (calcium) for energy-adjusted, respectively. More than 70% of subjects were classified into the same or adjacent agreement groups for nutrients other than fiber, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, while less than 10% of subjects were classified into complete disagreement groups. We conclude that the FFQ appears to be an acceptable tool for estimating nutrient intake and dietary patterns of Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea. Future studies to validate the FFQ using various biomarkers or other dietary assessment methods are needed.     

Effects of Marital Status and Income on Hypertension: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

Objectives:This study aimed to analyze the associations of income, marital status, and health behaviors with hypertension in male and female over 40 years of age in the Korea.Methods:The data were derived from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES; 4851-302) which included 211 576 participants. To analyze the relationships of income, marital status, and health behaviors with hypertension in male and female over 40 years of age, multiple logistic regression was conducted with adjustments for these variables.Results:The prevalence of hypertension increased linearly as income decreased. The odds ratio for developing hypertension in people with an income of <0.5 million Korean won (KRW) compared to ≥6.0 million KRW was 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 1.93) in the total population, 1.58 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.98) in male, and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.35 to 3.28) in female. The combined effect of income level and marital status on hypertension was significant. According to income level and marital status, in male, low income and divorce were most associated with hypertension (1.76 times; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.08). However, in female, the low-income, married group was most associated with hypertension (1.83 times; 95% CI, 1.71 to 1.97).Conclusions:The results of this study show that it is necessary to approach male and female marital status separately according to income in health policies to address inequalities in the prevalence of hypertension.     

Association between Dietary Patterns and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korean Adults: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

In addition to smoking, dietary habits may contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns and lung function in a Korean community cohort. A total of 5436 participants were included from the Ansan–Ansung cohort study. To identify the dietary patterns, we performed principal component factor analysis using the results of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio were measured by spirometry. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and lung function after adjusting for confounders. We identified four major dietary patterns; ‘prudent’, ‘coffee, fat, and sweet’, ‘westernized’, and ‘white rice’. After adjusting for potential confounders, the ‘coffee, fat, and sweet’ dietary pattern was negatively associated with lung function, particularly the FEV1/FVC ratio. Participants with high scores for the ‘coffee, fat and sweet’ pattern had a higher risk of COPD among men but not women. Therefore, these results indicate that the ‘coffee, fat and sweet’ dietary pattern is inversely related to lung function in Korean adults. Our results indicate that dietary habits may be modifiable risk factors for COPD.     

NUTRIOSE1膳食纤维补充剂对男性超重者的体重，体成分，能量摄人量和饥饿感的影响

目的评估NUTRIOSE水溶性膳食纤维对中国成年男性超重者的体重、体成分、能量摄入量和饥饿感的影响。方法在双盲条件下,将受试者随机分成两组,分别摄入含17gNUTRIOSE锄水溶性膳食纤维（实验组,n=60）和含17g麦芽糊精（对照组,n=60）的果汁250ml,每天2次,为期12周。在试验的第0周,第4周,第8周和第12周测量受试者的体重和体成分,每3天评估1次受试者的日均能量摄入量和饥饿感。结果12周后,实验组受试者平均体重较对照组轻1．5kg（P〈0．001）,体质指数平均减少0．5kg／m^2（P〈0．001）,身体脂肪率平均降低了0．3％（P〈0．001）。且在试验开始的第3天,NUTRIOSE水溶性膳食纤维组的日均能量摄入量就低于对照组（12周平均日能量摄入量,实验组较对照组低3079kJ／天,P〈0．001）。试验过程中,实验组受试者的饥饿感比对照组受试者的饥饿感小（P〈0．001）。结论NUTRIOSE膳食纤维补充剂有助于男性超重者改善体成分,降低体重和日均能量摄人量,减少饥饿感。     

‘Joining the Dots’: Individual,Sociocultural and Environmental Links between Alcohol Consumption,Dietary Intake and Body Weight—A Narrative Review

Alcohol is energy-dense, elicits weak satiety responses relative to solid food, inhibits dietary fat oxidation, and may stimulate food intake. It has, therefore, been proposed as a contributor to weight gain and obesity. The aim of this narrative review was to consolidate and critically appraise the evidence on the relationship of alcohol consumption with dietary intake and body weight, within mainstream (non-treatment) populations. Publications were identified from a PubMed keyword search using the terms ‘alcohol’, ‘food’, ‘eating’, ‘weight’, ‘body mass index’, ‘obesity’, ‘food reward’, ‘inhibition’, ‘attentional bias’, ‘appetite’, ‘culture’, ‘social’. A snowball method and citation searches were used to identify additional relevant publications. Reference lists of relevant publications were also consulted. While limited by statistical heterogeneity, pooled results of experimental studies showed a relatively robust association between acute alcohol intake and greater food and total energy intake. This appears to occur via metabolic and psychological mechanisms that have not yet been fully elucidated. Evidence on the relationship between alcohol intake and weight is equivocal. Most evidence was derived from cross-sectional survey data which does not allow for a cause-effect relationship to be established. Observational research evidence was limited by heterogeneity and methodological issues, reducing the certainty of the evidence. We found very little qualitative work regarding the social, cultural, and environmental links between concurrent alcohol intake and eating behaviours. That the evidence of alcohol intake and body weight remains uncertain despite no shortage of research over the years, indicates that more innovative research methodologies and nuanced analyses are needed to capture what is clearly a complex and dynamic relationship. Also, given synergies between ‘Big Food’ and ‘Big Alcohol’ industries, effective policy solutions are likely to overlap and a unified approach to policy change may be more effective than isolated efforts. However, joint action may not occur until stronger evidence on the relationship between alcohol intake, food intake and weight is established.     

Evaluation of 8-week body weight control program including sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) supplementation in Korean female college students

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a body weight control program with supplementation of sea tangle (20 g/day) on 22 female college students. The contents of the program for 8 weeks contained diet therapy, exercise and behavioral modification through nutrition education. Body composition, dietary habit scores, serum lipid profiles, daily nutrient intakes and the quality of life were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the program. Average age of subjects and height were 20.8 years and 161.9 cm, respectively. After 8 weeks, there were significant reductions in body weight, body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and BMI. The dietary habit score such as a balanced diet, regularity of mealtime, overeating, eating while watching TV or using the computer and eating salty food were increased significantly. Serum lipid levels such as total cholesterol level, LDL-cholesterol level and triglyceride level were decreased but not significantly. There were decreases in intake of energy, protein and fat and increases in intakes of dietary fiber, folic acid, calcium and potassium from the beginning to the end of the program. There were significant improvements on subcomponents of quality of life; physical functioning, general-health and vitality. The limitation of this study was the fact that there was no control group, but an overall evaluation suggests the 8-week body weight control program consisting of diet therapy, exercise and behavioral modification with supplementation of sea tangle would be helpful to improve the body composition, dietary habits, daily nutrient intakes and quality of life in Korean female college students.     

The Relationship between Restrained Eating,Body Image,and Dietary Intake among University Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aims to explore the association between restrained eating, body image, and dietary intake among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study included 1301 college students at two universities in Hunan Province. Electronic questionnaires were used to collect information including students’ demographic characteristics, restrained eating, perception of body weight, body satisfaction, and dietary intake. Anthropometric measurements were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of high restrained eating was 52.8%. Students who were dissatisfied with their bodies or overestimated their body weight showed a higher tendency toward high restrained eating (p < 0.05). Students with high restrained eating tended to eat fruits and eggs more frequently, while the frequency of eating domestic animals and poultry, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast food were the opposite. Moreover, high restrained eating was a risk factor for low dietary diversity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.384, 95% confidence interval: 1.002~1.912). The high incidence of restrained eating among Chinese college students and its energy-restricted diets that may lead to possible health implications require attention. Further studies are needed to investigate the characteristics of college students’ restrained eating to tailor appropriate interventions for forming positive body images and promoting healthy eating behaviors, thus, improving dietary quality.     

2013年中国18岁及以上超重肥胖患者采取体重控制措施情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解2013年我国≥18岁超重肥胖患者采取体重控制措施情况,分析其影响因素。方法 2013年在中国慢性病及其危险因素监测的302个监测点,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法调查≥18岁成年人179 570人。问卷调查获取人口学特征、采取体重控制措施情况等信息;通过体格检查获取个体的BMI、腰围和血压;采集调查对象静脉血,检测FPG、餐后2 h血糖、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C。剔除关键信息缺失者152人,最终对87 545名调查对象资料进行分析。经复杂加权后分析不同特征超重肥胖患者采取体重控制措施情况及其影响因素。结果 我国≥18岁超重肥胖患者采取体重控制措施率为16.3%（95% CI：14.9%～17.7%）。在所有采取体重控制措施的12 133名患者中,采取体重控制措施的构成比例由高到低依次为：饮食（40.9%,95% CI：38.4%～43.3%）、饮食运动组合（31.5%,95% CI：28.9%～34.0%）、运动（22.8%,95% CI：21.0%～24.6%）和药物（1.3%,95% CI：1.0%～1.7%）。有利于采取体重控制措施的因素有女性（OR=1.26,95% CI：1.15～1.38）、低年龄（18～44岁,OR=1.51,95% CI：1.31～1.74）、高文化程度（大专及以上,OR=4.52,95% CI：3.76～5.43）、高年收入（2.4～万元,OR=1.94,95% CI：1.63～2.30）等;不利因素有农村（OR=0.63,95% CI：0.55～0.72）等。结论 我国超重肥胖患者采取体重控制措施率较低,且受性别、年龄、文化程度、收入水平等因素影响,应针对不同特征群体,开展针对性干预措施。     

Energy Intake,Profile, and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings of the ANIBES Study

Energy intake, and the foods and beverages contributing to that, are considered key to understanding the high obesity prevalence worldwide. The relative contributions of energy intake and expenditure to the obesity epidemic, however, remain poorly defined in Spain. The purpose of this study was to contribute to updating data of dietary energy intake and its main sources from food and beverages, according to gender and age. These data were derived from the ANIBES (“Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance in Spain”) study, a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population (from 9–75 years old). A three-day dietary record, collected by means of a tablet device, was used to obtain information about food and beverage consumption and leftovers. The final sample comprised 2009 individuals (1,013 men, 996 women). The observed mean dietary energy intake was 7.6 ± 2.11 MJ/day (8.2 ± 2.22 MJ/day for men and 6.9 ± 1.79 MJ/day for women). The highest intakes were observed among adolescents aged 13–17 years (8.4 MJ/day), followed by children 9–12 years (8.2 ± 1.80 MJ/day), adults aged 18–64 (7.6 ± 2.14 MJ/day) and older adults aged 65–75 years (6.8 ± 1.88 MJ/day). Cereals or grains (27.4%), meats and derivatives (15.2%), oils and fats (12.3%), and milk and dairy products (11.8%) contributed most to daily energy intake. Energy contributions from non-alcoholic beverages (3.9%), fish and shellfish (3.6%), sugars and sweets (3.3%) and alcoholic beverages (2.6%) were moderate to minor. Contributions to caloric profile were 16.8%E from proteins; 41.1%E from carbohydrates, including 1.4%E from fiber; 38.5%E from fats; and 1.9%E from alcohol intake. We can conclude that energy intake is decreasing in the Spanish population. A variety of food and beverage groups contribute to energy intake; however, it is necessary to reinforce efforts for better adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet.     

Postpartum weight retention in relation to gestational weight gain and pre-pregnancy body mass index: A prospective cohort study in Vietnam

BackgroundThe prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity is increasing in Asia. This study prospectively investigated the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and 12-month postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in a large cohort of Vietnamese mothers.MethodsOf the 2030 pregnant women recruited from three cities in Vietnam at 24–28 weeks of gestation, a total of 1666 mothers were followed up for 12 months after delivery and available for analysis. The outcome variable PPWR was determined by subtracting the pre-pregnancy weight from the 12-month postpartum measured weight, while GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI were classified according to the Institute of Medicine and WHO criteria for adults, respectively. Linear regression models were used to ascertain the association between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and PPWR accounting for the effects of plausible confounding factors.ResultsBoth pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were significantly associated with PPWR (P < 0.001). The adjusted mean weight retention in underweight women before pregnancy (3.71 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.37–4.05) was significantly higher than that in those with normal pre-pregnancy weight (2.34 kg, 95% CI 2.13–2.54). Women with excessive GWG retained significantly more weight (5.07 kg, 95% CI 4.63–5.50) on average at 12 months, when compared to mothers with adequate GWG (2.92 kg, 95% CI 2.67–3.17).ConclusionsBeing underweight before pregnancy and excessive GWG contribute to greater weight retention twelve months after giving birth. Interventions to prevent postpartum maternal obesity should target at risk women at the first antenatal visit and control their weight gain during the course of pregnancy.     

Effect of a 12-week weight management program on the clinical characteristics and dietary intake of the young obese and the contributing factors to the successful weight loss

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The objectives were to investigate the effect of a 12-wk intervention with behavioral modification on clinical characteristics and dietary intakes of young and otherwise healthy obese and to identify factors for successful weight loss. The goal was to lose 0.5 kg per week by reducing 300-500 kcal/day and by increasing physical activities.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Forty four obese subjects (BMI > 25) and 19 normal weight subjects (BMI 18.5-23) finished the 12-week intervention. Obese subjects participated in 5 group educations and 6 individual counseling sessions. Normal weight subjects attended 6 individual counseling sessions for evaluations of dietary intake and exercise pattern. Anthropometric and clinical characteristics and 3-day dietary records were evaluated at baseline and week12.

RESULTS

Weight and serum triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations in obese group decreased significantly with intervention. Intakes of energy, fat, and cholesterol decreased significantly in the obese. Active participation, realistic weight loss goal setting, and weight gain after high school graduation not during childhood were identified as key factors for successful weight loss.

CONCLUSIONS

The 12-week intervention with behavioral modification resulted in reduced energy and fat intakes and led to significant weight loss and improvements of clinical characteristics in the obese. The finding that those who became obese during childhood lost less weight indicates the importance of ''early'' intervention.     

Central microinjection of phytohormone abscisic acid changes feeding behavior,decreases body weight,and reduces brain oxidative stress in rats

Objectives: Natural products have a potential role on food intake in mammals. It has been reported that phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has a regulatory role on metabolic processes. Here, the effects of ABA on feeding behavior and brain oxidative stress were investigated in male Wistar rats.

Methods: ABA was injected intracerebroventricularly. Experimental groups were included (n = 9): control (received no injection), ABA vehicle (received normal saline), and ABA-treated groups were injected with different doses of ABA (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/rat for 7 days). Daily cumulative daytime and nighttime food consumption, meal frequency, meal duration, and alteration in body weight were recorded. At the end of behavioral experiment, catalase and peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels were assayed.

Results: The results showed that ABA (5 and 10 μg) increased the meal frequency. Moreover, ABA could decrease body weight and MDA and H₂O₂ levels and increased the catalase and peroxidase activities in diencephalon. It also decreased the MDA concentration in the brain stem.

Discussion: Taken together, ABA has an important effect on feeding behavior and body weight in rats likely via increasing antioxidant capacity. However, further studies are still required to determine the underlying mechanisms of ABA on the feeding behavior.     

Genome-wide interaction study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on blood pressure: The Ansan and Ansung study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

Hypertension is a common disease worldwide. Alcohol consumption is one of the risk factors for hypertension, however, it is unclear how alcohol consumption elevates blood pressure. Blood pressure could be affected by interactions between genetic variations and alcohol consumption. Thus, we performed a genome-wide interaction study (GWIS) to assess the effect of gene-alcohol consumption interaction on blood pressure among adults aged ≥40 years from the Ansan and Ansung cohort study (n = 6,176), a part of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES). As a result, rs1297184, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in locus LGR5 was significant (P_GWIS = 8.78 × 10⁻⁹) in GWIS analysis on diastolic blood pressure, but not on systolic blood pressure. However, there was a heteroscedasticity of alcohol consumption. In the GWIS analysis, applying the inverse-variance weighting to correct the systematic inflation slightly attenuated the strength of interaction (P_{GWIS_IVW} = 7.14 × 10⁻⁸). This interaction was replicated in the Health Examinees cohort (p = .026), a large-scale community-based cohort (n = 18,708). In conclusion, we identified a possible novel interaction between an SNP (rs1297184) and alcohol consumption on blood pressure.     

Study on Obesity and Influence of Dietary Factors on the Weight Status of an Adult Population in Jamnagar City of Gujarat: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Background:

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic diseases. Dietary factors are the major modifiable factors through which many of the external forces promoting weight gain act.

Objectives:

The objectives were to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the urban population of Jamnagar and to explore the effect of dietary factors on the weight status of the people.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult population of Jamnagar city. Cluster sampling technique was used to select study samples. Data were collected in a prestructured questionnaire by interviewing subjects through house-to-house visits. Data were analyzed in Epi Info and appropriate statistical methods were used.

Results:

The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 22.04% and 5.20%, respectively. Overweight was more prevalent in females than males. The prevalence rose with an increase in age up to 60 years. Among dietary factors, the total calorie intake and habit of snacking had a positive association with weight gain (P < 0.05). The mean intake of oil was more and the mean intake of vegetables was less among overweight subjects than nonoverweight subjects (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the urban population in Jamnagar was found to be 22.04% and 5.20%, respectively. Total calorie intake as well as composition of diet was the important dietary factor affecting weight gain.     

(Mis)interpretation of body weight in adult women and men

INTRODUCTION: This study examined what methods people use to determine and interpret their body weight, and what factors are associated with either an underestimation of overweight or an overestimation of a healthy body weight. METHOD: The study used self-reported data on weight and height. Data were collected by means of questionnaires (n = 722). RESULTS: In comparison with unaware overweight individuals, aware overweight respondents had a significantly lower score on comparing their body to that of others and on listening to remarks from others as methods to determine and interpret their body weight. The same was true for respondents with a correct perception of their healthy body weight compared with respondents who overestimated their healthy body weight. Respondents with a correct perception also had a significantly lower score on using the need to change to a different clothing size to determine body weight. Underestimation of overweight was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), intense physical activity, knowledge of a healthy weight range and body comparison; overestimation of healthy body weight was significantly associated with gender, BMI, weight loss history and media influences. DISCUSSION: The study had a cross-sectional design, and therefore no causal relations could be determined. Despite this, the study provided more insight into the way people estimate and judge their body weight.     

Changes in Dietary Intake Patterns and Weight Status during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study Focusing on Young Adults in Malaysia

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) isolation has altered individuals’ food purchasing behaviour and dietary intake patterns. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the changes in dietary intake patterns and their impacts on the weight status of young adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1045 young adults in Malaysia. The changes in dietary intake patterns were assessed using the Dietary Diversity Questionnaire with slight modifications, while anthropometric measurements including body height, body weight before the pandemic and current body weight were self-reported. Results: Overall, nearly half of the respondents (48.8%) gained weight during the confinement, with an average increment of 4.06 ± 3.23 kg. Of 1045, 45.3% reported consuming more fruits and 60.2% had higher plain water intake during the pandemic. It is observed that 41.0% to 66.8% of the young adults changed their dietary intake patterns during the pandemic. Increased consumption in cereals and grains (β = 0.084, p = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.017–0.160), as well as oils and fats (β = 0.123, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.059–0.241), was positively associated with weight gain during the pandemic. On the contrary, an increased plain water intake was negatively associated with weight gain during the lockdown (β = −0.100, p = 0.003, 95% CI = −0.171–−0.034). Findings in the current study also suggested that cutting back cereals and grains (β = 0.156, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.122–0.288), as well as oils and fats (β = 0.091, p = 0.012, 95% CI = 0.022–0.183), contributed significantly to weight loss during the pandemic confinement. Conclusion: In conclusion, the enforcement of the Movement Control Order (MCO) drove up the prevalence of overweight/obesity among young adults in Malaysia. Increased consumption of cereals and grains and oils and fats contributed to weight gain in the pandemic lockdown. Nonetheless, a noticeable proportion of young adults in Malaysia shifted to a healthier food choice by increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables.     

Development and Validation of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI) in Scope of International Nutrition Guidelines

Unhealthy eating is associated with various diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, or oncological. There are neither economical nor behavior-related questionnaires available in the German language to assess general dietary behavior. Therefore, the aim of this validation study was to develop an instrument considering these aspects and verifying its construct and criterion validity. The new questionnaire is based on the general nutrition recommendations of the World Health Organization and the German Nutrition Society. It consists of 16 items that contrast dietary behaviors on a semantic differential scale. Our German-speaking convenience sample consisted of 428 participants. The construct validity of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI) could be confirmed by examining convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, criterion validity was confirmed (significant negative correlations with body weight, Body Mass Index, and positive correlations with physical/mental health as well as life satisfaction). A cluster analysis revealed two different dietary behavior clusters representing a rather healthy and a rather unhealthy dietary behavior cluster. The results indicate that the GDBI is a validated and economical instrument to assess general dietary behavior. In practical research, this questionnaire helps to assess dietary behavior and to derive interventions for a healthy dietary behavior in concordance with international nutrition recommendations.     

西南3省妇女孕前体质指数和孕期增重对新生儿出生体重影响的前瞻性队列研究

目的 探讨孕妇孕前BMI、孕期增重对新生儿出生体重的影响。方法 以来自西南3省的5 395名孕妇为研究对象,根据WHO推荐的BMI分类标准将孕妇分为孕前低体重组、正常体重组、超重组以及肥胖组。按照美国医学研究院推荐的孕期增重标准定义各组孕妇孕期增重是否适宜。采用无序多分类logistic回归模型分析孕前BMI和孕期增重与新生儿出生体重的关系。结果 调整相关混杂因素后,孕前BMI较低（OR=1.91,95% CI：1.47~2.50）是分娩小于胎龄儿（SGA）的危险因素,但可降低分娩大于胎龄儿（LGA）的风险（OR=0.55,95% CI：0.47~0.66）。孕期增重不足会使SGA的发生风险增加（OR=1.57,95% CI：1.21~2.03）,分娩LGA的风险降低（OR=0.48,95% CI：0.41~0.57）。孕前超重肥胖（OR=1.85,95% CI：1.58~2.17）以及孕期增重过多（OR=1.87,95% CI：1.67~2.11）与LGA的发生风险呈正相关。分层分析显示孕期增重不足仅会使孕前BMI较低和正常的孕妇分娩SGA的风险升高,对孕前超重肥胖的孕妇分娩SGA的风险没有影响。结论 孕前BMI和孕期增重是新生儿出生体重的重要影响因素,应加强孕妇健康教育、合理控制孕期增重。