Do condom catheter collecting systems cause urinary tract infection?

A study was undertaken to determine whether use of a condom catheter collection system (CCCS) is associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). No UTI developed in 79 episodes of CCCS use in patients who were cooperative or because of paralysis were unable to manipulate the collecting system (mean time per patient, 21.2 days; total number of patient days, 1,677). By contrast, in 15 patients who were identified prospectively as being uncooperative and who repeatedly manipulated the CCS, UTI developed in eight (53.3%) within a mean of 9.6 days. Urethral catheterization in cooperative patients during CCCS use was followed by development of UTI. Repeated interference with the proper use of CCCS and urethral catheterization during CCCS use are associated with an increased risk of UTI.     

上尿路梗阻术后继发铜绿假单胞菌感染的治疗策略

目的:探索上尿路梗阻手术治疗置入双J管后继发铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)感染的有效治疗方案.方法:2004年3月至2009年5月我科收治的因上尿路梗阻手术治疗置入双J管后铜绿假单胞菌感染30例病人,所有患者术前都曾做逆行造影检查;术后双J管留置时间≥2周,术后继发尿路感染,尿培养出PA、菌落计数>10万.按入院顺序将病人随机分成A、B两组,A组治疗方案:再次或继续留置双J管+敏感抗生素治疗2周,拔除双J管,停药1周作尿培养,如感染未完全控制,尿培养附性,再根据药敏选择敏感抗生素治疗2周,如此进行共3个疗程.B组治疗方案:重新放置进口双J管(美国Cook,F6),选择敏感抗生素染治疗2周,停药1周作尿培养,如感染未完全控制,尿培养阳性,再根据药敏选择敏感抗生素治疗2周,如此重复进行直到感染完全治愈后拔除双J管.结果:A组,再留置双J管时间2周,抗生素使用第1个疗程(2周)治愈4例(占26.7%),第2疗程治愈2例(两个疗程共治愈6例,占40%),第3疗程治愈1例(3个疗程共治愈7例,占46.7%).B组,再留置双J管时间4～12周(平均8周);第1个疗程治愈3例(占20%),第2疗程治愈9例(2个疗程共治愈12例,占80%),第3疗程治愈2例(前3疗程治愈率93.3%),两个疗程及3个疗程后的总治愈率,A组与B组间差异非常显著(P<0.05),B组明显优于A组.结论:对于上尿路梗阻手术治疗置入双J管继发铜绿假单胞菌感染的治疗,较长时间留置双J管+敏感抗生素治疗、感染治愈后才拔除双J管(B组方案)的临床疗效明显优于双J管留置2周+敏感抗生素治疗(A组方案).前者是值得在临床上推荐使用的有效治疗方法.     

院内与院外泌尿系感染病原菌及临床分析

目的 了解医院内与医院外泌尿系细菌感染致病菌与临床特点,为合理应用抗菌药物提供临床依据。方法 从泌尿系感染病原学阳性的患者中,取符合诊断标准完整病例157例,对其临床情况和192株病原菌进行分析。结果 发现医院外泌尿系感染患者致病菌以大肠埃希菌为主的G-杆菌占多数,医院内泌尿系感染患者多有慢性病、导尿、糖耐量异常、长期卧床史,且有抗菌药物使用史者多,致病菌因真菌、G＋菌增多,G-杆菌低于院外泌尿系感染,特别是泌尿系真菌感染医院内感染比例明显高于医院外感染,且耐药菌较多。结论 医院内外泌尿系细菌感染有着不同特点,注意病原学检查,及时了解泌尿系感染致病菌和药物敏感状况,对避免盲目应用抗菌药物造成菌群失调、真菌感染增加是有益的。     

儿童铜绿假单胞菌引起社区获得性尿路感染临床特征及其危险因素分析

目的 分析儿童铜绿假单胞菌引起社区获得性尿路感染的临床特征及其危险因素.方法 选择我院2010年6月～2013年6月住院治疗确诊的112例社区获得性尿路感染患者为研究对象,收集患儿临床资料,采用SPSS19.0软件分析找出铜绿假单胞菌引起社区获得性尿路感染的临床特征及其危险因素,旨在为优化儿童铜绿假单胞菌引起社区获得性尿路感染治疗方案提供参考依据.结果 本研究112例社区获得性尿路感染患者中35例患儿为铜绿假单胞菌致病,占31.25％,3岁以下患儿21例,占60.00％;发病以夏秋季为主20例,占57.14％,且多合并其他基础疾病.多因素Logistic回归分析示基础疾病种类＞3种（β=2.16,OR=8.64）、前1周内有尿路插管史（β=0.81,OR=2.26）和长期使用免疫调节抑制药物史（β=2.30,OR=9.96）是铜绿假单胞菌引起社区获得性尿路感染的危险因素,年龄＞3岁（β=-2.94,OR=0.05）和家属对患儿照顾到位（β=-2.82,OR=0.06）是铜绿假单胞菌引起社区获得性尿路感染的保护因素.结论 铜绿假单胞菌引起社区获得性尿路感染发生率较高,其发生受多种因素的影响,我们应该加强高危患儿的管理,减少铜绿假单胞菌引起社区获得性尿路感染的发生.     

医院内泌尿系真菌感染的菌群分布特点及耐药性分析

目的 探讨泌尿系真菌感染的菌群分布及耐药性.方法 对1200例疑似泌尿系感染中分离的124株真菌进行回顾性分析.结果 共分离出真菌6种124株.主要是光滑假丝酵母菌占36.3％,其次是白色假丝酵母菌占29.8％和热带假丝酵母菌占27.4％.光滑假丝酵母菌、白色假丝酵母菌和热带假丝酵母菌对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B均敏感.氟康唑、伏立康唑对光滑假丝酵母菌、白色假丝酵母菌和热带假丝酵母菌耐药率均＜25％.结论 泌尿系真菌感染以光滑假丝酵母菌、白色假丝酵母菌和热带假丝酵母菌为主,5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B可作为泌尿系真菌感染的首选治疗药物;氟康唑和伏立康唑也是治疗较好的选择.     

Management of childhood urinary tract infection

Experience with childhood urinary tract infection is reviewed in conjunction with recent information on the management of the problem by family practitioners in the same health board. The need for bacteriological confirmation of the diagnosis in every case is confirmed and the importance of radiological investigation of the urinary tract after a first infection irrespective of age or sex is emphasised, as 17% of intravenous pyelograms and 31% of micturating cystogram examinations showed significant abnormality.     

洁悠神预防留置导尿伴随性尿路感染的临床研究

目的 观察洁悠神对留置导尿管伴随性尿路感染的预防作用.方法 将150例住院留置尿管的男性患者150例随机分为对照组,实验A组和实验B组,对照组采用常规留置导尿护理和普通引流袋;实验A组在对照组的基础上,采用洁悠神长效抗菌材料喷洒于留置尿管表面、尿道外口、龟头和包皮处,并使用抗返流引流袋;实验B组在对照组的基础上,采用洗必泰清洁留置尿管表面、尿道外口、龟头和包皮处,并使用抗返流引流袋;比较3组的细菌检出情况以及尿路感染情况.结果 第7天时的膀胱细菌阳性率,实验A组低于实验B组低于对照组,有统计学意义(P＜0.01).第7天、第15天时的留置导尿伴随性尿路感染率,实验A组低于实验B组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 洁悠神抗菌剂能够阻止细菌生物膜形成,减少膀胱污染,降低尿路感染,效果优于洗必泰.     

某医院泌尿道医院感染的分布与长期趋势分析

目的：研究某医院1993年至2000年住院患者泌尿道医院感染的分布及其发病率变动趋势.方法：采用前瞻性调查的方法监测某医院1993年至2000年的所有住院患者泌尿道医院感染发生情况.结果：1993年至2000年该医院住院手术患者共126 665例,其中377例发生泌尿道医院感染,感染发病率为0.30%.1993年至2000年各年份泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为0.63%、0.44%、0.29%、0.41%、0.23%、0.21%、0.21%、0.13%,呈逐年下降趋势.泌尿外科、其他外科、内科、妇科、产科、儿科、五官科各科室的泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为1.79%、0.43%、0.29%、0.62%、0.11%、0.11%、0.02%.1993年至2000年产科、五官科、儿科泌尿道医院感染发病率无明显下降趋势,泌尿外科、妇科、内科、其他外科泌尿道医院感染发病率呈下降趋势.男性、女性泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为：0.29%、0.31%.1993年至2000年男性、女性泌尿道医院感染发病率呈下降趋势.婴儿、幼儿、少年、成年、老年组的泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为0.00%、0.18%、0.15%、0.25%、0.47%,老年组显著高于其他组.除婴儿组各年泌尿道医院感染发病率均为0.00%、幼儿组发病率变化差异无统计学意义,其他各组泌尿道医院感染发病率呈明显下降趋势.春、夏、秋、冬4季的泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为：0.45%、0.60%、0.36%、0.32%,夏季的发病率明显高于其他季节.4个季节的泌尿道医院感染发病率均呈显著下降趋势.结论：不同亚人群泌尿道感染发病率明显不同.总泌尿道医院感染发病率呈下降趋势.总泌尿道医院感染发病率逐渐下降趋势归因于大多数亚人群泌尿道医院感染发病率的下降.系统的医院感染监测可有效降低泌尿道医院感染率.     

Relationship between Schistosoma haematobium infection and urinary tract infection among children in South Eastern, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Reports of studies on the relationship between Schistosoma haematobium and urinary tract infection from different regions are conflicting. Hence, the need to determine the situation in each endemic area. OBJECTIVE: To determine if S. haematobium infection is associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among children in an endemic area of Cross River State, Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Mid-stream urine specimen was collected under strict aseptic procedures into wide-mouthed screw-capped sterile plastic containers. All the specimens were kept in a cooler at approximately 4 degrees C for 5-10 hr before delivery to the laboratory. Urine microscopy was carried out by gram staining and urine was cultured using blood agar and Mac Conkey agar plates. Collection of urine specimens for schistosoma ova was done between 10.00 am and 2.00 pm when ova count of S. haematobium is expected to be at its peak. RESULTS: Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 51.0%. One hundred and seventy five (77.4%) of those infected had mild intensity of infection (<49 ova/10 ml). Significant bacteriuria was found in 2(0.9%) of the 226 children with urinary schistosomiasis and in 4(1.8%) of the 217 children without urinary schistosomiasis RR(95%CI) = 0.48 (0.089-2.59) P > 0.68. CONCLUSION: This study has found the prevalence rate of urinary Schistosomiasis in this community to be 51% and no significant difference in the prevalence of UTI among children with urinary schistosomiasis and those without. However, considering the high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis seen in this study, urgent control measures should be instituted to address this public health problem.     

温阳通淋汤加减治疗尿路感染

温阳通淋汤是童延清教授的经验方，童延清教授认为，尿路感染易发于老年以及经常服用抗生素的女性，老年女性阳气本虚，长期服用抗生素，损伤人体阳气，使已虚之气更虚，正气不足易致邪气侵袭，日久导致病理产物如湿热、瘀血等聚集，损伤正气，恶性循环。阳气不足是病之本，湿热下注是病之标。临证采用温补肾阳药物佐以利尿通淋药物，并自拟温阳通淋汤，随症加减。     

Evolving management of pediatric urinary tract infection

UTI is a common problem in the pediatric population with significant long-term morbidity. Fecal-urinary migration is the most common route of infection, and E. coli is the most common organism. Methods of urine collection and interpretation of urinalysis must be considered when guiding therapy, and treatment is age and severity specific. VUR is an extremely common finding in febrile urinary tract infections. The algorithm of treatment is evolving with the advent of highly successful, minimally invasive therapy.