Accessory origin of the piriformis muscle

Incidental finding of an accessory slip of the piriformis muscle in the gluteal region is reported. Following routine dissection of the gluteal region in three formalin-fixed cadavers, an accessory slip of the piriformis was observed. The accessory slip was cleaned, attachments were identified, and dimensions were measured in two parts as fleshy and tendinous parts with a graduated scale to the nearest millimetre. The accessory slip was innervated by a small twig from the sciatic nerve. Having considered the available literature, the accessory slip of piriformis is rare, and if found, could be a cause for the undiagnosed chronic pain in the back and gluteal region, as this accessory slip may compress the sciatic nerve.     

Congenital clubfoot associated with an accessory soleus muscle

A 16-month-old male with previously untreated bilateral clubfeet was admitted to S.B. Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. Both feet underwent surgical treatment. During surgery, an accessory soleus muscle was detected on the right side. The accessory soleus muscle had a distinct distal insertion at the superior anteromedial border of the calcaneus and also anterior and medial to the Achilles tendon. He was treated by bilateral complete subtalar release with Cincinnati incision, and the accessory soleus was also cut and the distal part resected. At the final follow-up visit, when the patient was 6 years and 9 months old, both feet had a normal appearance and appeared normal on radiograph and magnetic resonance imaging, with no presence of the accessory soleus muscle or its remnant. In our opinion, awareness of the association between an accessory soleus muscle and clubfoot, and sectioning of this muscle during surgery may improve surgical results.     

后肢制动对肌梭传入放电活动的影响

目的观察后肢制动不同时期单一肌梭感觉末梢放电活动的改变。方法石膏固定建立大鼠后肢制动模型,雌性大鼠随机
分为后肢制动3 d组、7 d组、14 d组及对照组。用空气隔绝法,观察制动不同时期单一肌梭的自发放电、0.05 mg/ml琥珀酰胆碱
灌流及牵拉至伸长位后肌梭放电活动的改变。结果后肢制动3 d肌梭的自发放电活动和对琥珀酰胆碱灌流的反应明显降低
（分别为P<0.01和P<0.05）,制动14 d后伸长位肌梭的传入放电频率降低（P<0.01）。单个动作电位时程也随着制动时间的延长
而显著延长（P<0.01）。结论后肢制动可致肌梭的传入放电活动减少,这可能与肌梭自身收缩特性的改变有关。
     

低频电刺激对低氧高二氧化碳大鼠比目鱼肌肌纤维类型的影响

目的：探讨低频电刺激对低氧高二氧化碳模型大鼠比目鱼肌肌纤维类型转变的影响。方法：成年SD大鼠40只随机分成4组：正常组10只,捆绑组10只,造模组10只,低频电刺激组10只。造模组、捆绑组及低频电刺激组大鼠置于低氧高二氧化碳舱内造模,每次持续8 h,总共4周。低频电刺激组在持续造模2周后,用电刺激仪对大鼠进行30 min,30 Hz,1:1循环模式的低频电刺激,低频电刺激维持2周;捆绑组仅做捆绑及贴电极片处理。HE染色检测大鼠比目鱼肌病理改变,免疫组织化学观察比目鱼肌肌纤维类型转变,qRT-PCR检测MHC-I、MHC-IIa/IIx mRNA水平,Western Blot检测比目鱼肌MHC-I、雌激素相关受体γ（ERRγ）、过氧化物酶体增殖物受体β（PPARβ）蛋白含量的变化。结果：相比正常组,捆绑组及造模组大鼠比目鱼肌局部炎症反应明显,肌纤维横截面积明显下降,MHC-I以及PPARβ蛋白含量明显下降,MHC-I mRNA下降,MHC-IIa/IIx mRNA含量升高。相比捆绑组或造模组,低频电刺激组大鼠比目鱼肌局部炎症反应减轻,MHC-I、ERRγ及PPARβ蛋白含量明显增加,MHC-I mRNA含量明显升高,MHC-IIa/IIx mRNA明显下降。结论：低氧高二氧化碳可致大鼠比目鱼肌MHC-I向MHC-IIa/IIx型纤维转变,而低频电刺激可部分逆转低氧高二氧化碳所致的肌纤维类型转变。PPARβ、ERRγ蛋白可能参与其中调节。     

失神经支配肌肉提取物对大鼠骨骼肌作用的组化与形态计量研究

目的　观察失神经支配肌肉提取物对大鼠骨骼肌的影响。方法　 40只大鼠随机分成 5组 ,分别用 5只大鼠和 5只切断坐骨神经 5天后的大鼠 ,取比目鱼肌 ,制成正常肌肉提取物 (normalmuscleextractNME)和失神经支配肌肉提取物 (denervatedmuscleextractDME)。连续 6天分别给DME处理组和NME处理组大鼠腹腔注射DME和NME ,用同样方法给对照组大鼠注射生理盐水 ,然后处死大鼠 ,取其比目鱼肌进行组织化学与形态计量分析。结果　在DME处理组的大鼠比目鱼肌中 ,肌纤维截面积及直径显著大于对照组和NME处理组 (P <0 .0 5 )。同时显示DME组大鼠比目鱼肌肌纤维的再生现象。结论　DME能够引起大鼠骨骼肌的肥大、再生 ,并可能与肌肉在失神经后的分泌代谢变化有关。     

腓肠肌及比目鱼肌瓣在胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤保肢术的应用

目的　探讨带血管蒂腓肠肌、比目鱼肌肌瓣移植在胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤保肢术中的应用价值。方法　行胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤保肢术患者共 2 6例 ,其中行腓肠肌、比目鱼肌肌瓣移植 16例 ,未行肌瓣移植 10例。结果　肌瓣移植者中有 1例发生肌瓣坏死及骨筋膜室综合征 ;非移植者中有 2例发生切缘皮瓣坏死深部感染 ,3例切口脂肪液化浅表感染。 19例术后平均随访 38个月 ,按Enneking法评定功能 ,≥ 2 3分 6例 ,15～ 2 2分 8例 ,<15分 5例 ,优良率为 73.7%。结论　胫骨近端骨恶性肿瘤保肢术中采用带血管蒂腓肠肌、比目鱼肌肌瓣移植可重建软组织缺损、降低局部并发症及提高临床疗效。     

慢性间歇性低氧暴露对比目鱼肌和胫骨前肌影响的差异

目的 对比慢性间歇性低氧暴露对不同纤维类型肌肉的影啊及其可能机制.方法 SD大鼠16只,分为常氧对照组(C,n=8),置于常氧环境中;慢性间歇性低氧组(H,n=8),置于氧浓度为12.4％的低氧房中,每天暴露8 h,共4周.干预期间称量大鼠体质量,干预后测试抓力和瘦体质量,检测比目鱼肌(soleus muscle,SO...     

烫伤大鼠比目鱼肌氧化还原状态变化与蛋白质分解代谢的关系

本文以一侧后肢(7％体表面积)全层烫伤大鼠为模型观察伤后比目鱼肌蛋白质分解速率与氧化还原状态的关系。结果指出伤后72h大鼠烫伤肢离体保温及在体比目鱼肌细胞内乳酸/丙酮酸比值、苹果酸/丙酮酸比值明显低于未伤肢,蛋白质分解速率升高。胰岛素(0.01u/ml介质)能显著升高比目鱼肌细胞内乳酸/丙酮酸与苹果酸/丙酮酸比值,同时降低蛋白质分解速率。从而提示:烫伤后大鼠比目鱼肌蛋白质分解速率的变化与胞液中氧化还原状态密切相关。     

Relationship between the state of reduction-oxidation and protein degradation in the soleus muscle after scalding in rats

One hind leg(about 7% TBSA)of a rat was scalded and the changes of thereduction-oxidation state and protein degradation in the soleus muscle were observed inthe 72nd h after scalding both in vitro and in vivo.It was found that the lactate/pyruvate(L/P)and malate/pyruvate(M/P)ratios in the soleus muscle were significantly lower andthe protein degradation rate significantly higher in the scalded rats than those in the controland in the unscalded legs.After the addition of insulin to the medium,significant eleva-tion of L/P and M/P ratios and reduction of the protein degradation rate were observedin the soleus muscle.These findings suggest that there is a good correlation between thechanges of the reduction-oxidation and the protein degradation rate in the cytosol of thesoleus muscle after scalding in rats.     

100Hz正弦波振动对制动大鼠比目鱼肌M波和H反射的影响

目的:观测100 Hz正弦波振动对制动大鼠比目鱼肌M波和H反射的影响,为探明肌梭在废用性肌萎缩发生中的作用.方法:以大鼠后肢制动作为废用动物模型,用振动仪实施100 Hz正弦波振动,14 d后观察大鼠比目鱼肌M波及H反射的变化.结果:大鼠后肢制动14d后,M波最大波幅(Mmax)由正常对照组的(4.10±1.30) mV降低到(1.71±0.77)mV(P ＜0.01);刺激阈值和最大刺激强度(SMMmax)分别由正常对照组的(0.09±0.04)mA和(0.72±0.25)mA增加到(0.21±0.12)mA和(1.19 +0.40)mA(P ＜0.01).H反射的最大波幅(H.x)由正常对照组的(0.98±0.41) mV降低到(0.30±0.22)mV,最大刺激强度(SH～)则由正常对照组的(1.67±0.78) mA增加到(2.65±0.87) mA,Hmax/Mmax的比值由正常对照组的(24.73±7.44)%下降为(17.56±4.60)%,经统计学检验均有显著性差异(P＜0.05);制动+高频振动组,Mmax为(3.08±0.82)mV,刺激阈值为(0.11±0.07)mA,SMMmax为(0.86±0.32) mA,与制动组相比,振动组大鼠比目鱼肌Mmas 明显增高(P＜0.O1),阈强度和SMax均明显降低(P＜0.05).振动组大鼠Hmax为(0.80±0.33)mV,SHmax为(2.06±1.02)mA,Hmax/Mmax的比值为(25.58±6.89)%,与制动组相比,Hmaxx明显增高(P＜0.01),Hmax/Mmax的比值增大(P＜0.05).结论:100 Hz正弦波振动对制动所致大鼠比目鱼肌H反射及M波的改变有明显的对抗作用.     

Effects of 100 Hz sinusoidal vibration on H reflex and M wave in rat soleus muscle following immobilization

Objective: To investigate the effects of 100 Hz sinusoidal vibration on H reflex and M wave in rat soleus muscle following immobilization. Methods: The immobilization of rat soleus muscle was induced as a disuse muscle model, and 100 Hz sinusoidal vibration was generated by a vibrator and applied to the immobilized soleus muscle, then the changes of H reflex and M wave in muscle were observed after 14 d. Results: Compared to control, after 14 d of immobilization M(max) in soleus muscle decreased (P<0.01), stimulus threshold and S(max) increased (P<0.01); Hmax and H(max)/M(max) decreased (P<0.05, S(max) increased (P<0.05). Compared to immobilized soleus muscle, after 14 d of immobilization with 100 Hz sinusoidal vibration, the M(max) increased(P<0.01), stimulus threshold and S(Mmax) decreased (P<0.05), H(max) (P<0.01) increased and H(max)/M(max) increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: 100 Hz sinusoidal vibration plays a significant antagonist role against the changes in H reflex and M wave in rat soleus muscle following immobilization.     

副乳腺癌6例

目的探讨副乳腺癌的一临床特点以及诊治方法。方法对所收治的6例副乳腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果6例均行经典乳腺癌改良根治术,术后辅以放疗、化疗或内分泌治疗。随访4例出现远处转移并死于该病,2例健在。结论副乳腺癌临床少见,易误诊,诊断主要依靠影像学和术后病理,综合治疗有助于提高生存率。     

副乳腺的高频超声诊断

目的探讨应用高频超声显像诊断副乳腺的影像学特征。方法对经手术病理证实的32例副乳腺的声像图特点进行回顾性分析。结果副乳腺二维声像图特点大都位于腋窝,位置表浅,边界不整齐,无包膜,超声诊断与手术病理符合率100%。结论使用高频超声检查是诊断副乳腺的一种有效方法。     

比目鱼肌肌瓣修复胫腓骨开放性骨折并软组织缺损的临床研究

应用比目鱼肌肌瓣称位修复胫腓骨开放性骨折并软组织缺损。方法：采用以胫后动脉近端或远端或其分支为血管蒂的比目鱼肌肌瓣移位修复胫腓骨开放性骨折并软组织缺损２６例。结果；２６例中除有一例因肌瓣部分坏死而重新出现骨外露外，其他２５例肌瓣均愈合良好，随访半年至４年，无一例发生骨感染或骨不连，疗效明显优于用方法治疗的对照组。     

多房室旁道的射频消融治疗

目的 对多房室旁道的电生理特点及射频消融方法进行探讨。方法 预激综合征伴房室折返性心动过速患者１６例,其中心电图呈显性预激综合征１２例,正常４例。治疗采用先消融显性旁道,后消融隐匿性旁道的方法。结果 本组１６例患者,共３３条旁道,其中双旁道１５例,三旁道１例。消融阻断所有旁道,成功率１００％。结论 多房室旁道大多数是在心腔电生理检查和消融术中被诊断,心电图可提供某些诊断线索。逐条消融旁道是避免漏诊     

颅脑常规CT扫描诊断鼻窦病变的评价

目的:探讨常规颅脑CT诊断副鼻窦病变的价值。方法:随机抽取2000年至2004年间1000份颅脑CT片(软组织窗和骨窗),观察和分析鼻窦的显示情况及病变的诊断,并与原诊断对照。结果:筛窦、蝶窦、额窦、上颌窦显示率分别为100%、100%、97.8%、18.5%。鼻窦病变情况:总阳性率22.9%,其中炎症83%,肿瘤7.4%,囊肿瘤1.3%,外伤9.2%。鼻窦漏诊率:总漏诊率62.0%,炎症占全部漏诊者的76.6%,颅脑CT报正常者占全部漏诊者的60.0%。结论:常规颅脑CT对鼻窦病变的诊断有利用价值。