错配修复基因hMLH1甲基化与胃癌的关系

目的:通过研究散发性胃癌中错配修复基因hMLH1 mRNA的表达及其启动子区5'CpG岛甲基化状态,探讨hMLH1基因异常甲基化在胃癌发生过程中的作用.方法:应用甲基化特异性PCR(methylation specific PCR,MSP)检测60例胃癌组织及其癌旁黏膜组织中hMLH1基因启动子区的甲基化状态,逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测两种组织中hMLH1 mRNA表达情况.结果:胃癌组织hMLH1 mRNA表达水平明显低于癌旁组织(t=4.082,P<0.01),hMLH1基因启动子区高甲基化18例(30%),其癌旁黏膜组织中未发现有甲基化.hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化与胃癌的临床病理参数之间无明显的相关性.hMLH1 mRNA表达阴性的21例病例中,17例(81%)发生甲基化,而hMLH1 mRNA表达阳性的39例中仅有1例(2.5%)发生甲基化,hMLH1 mRNA表达降低与甲基化之间存在明显的相关性(χ2=8.0182,P=0.0046).结论:胃癌组织中hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化与其mRNA表达缺失密切相关,是导致hMLH1基因错配修复功能缺陷的重要原因之一.     

胰腺癌DNA甲基化谱研究进展

肿瘤的发生与多基因的异常有关。其中DNA甲基化作为基因表达调控的一种方式,与基因的异常表达相关,从而影响肿瘤的生物学特性。本文就对胰腺癌有关基因的CpG岛甲基化情况做一综述,阐述DNA甲基化与胰腺癌发生的关系。一、与胰腺癌相关的基因甲基化1.p16基因:p16基因属于INK4a/AR     

错配修复基因hMSH2启动子甲基化与胃癌的关系

目的:探讨hMSH2基因启动子区5CpG岛高甲基化在胃癌发生过程中的作用.方法:应用甲基化特异性PCR(methylationspecific PCR,MSP)方法检测胃癌及非癌组织中hMSH2基因启动子区甲基化状态.结果:40例胃癌中hMSH2基因启动子区高甲基化24例(60%),其癌旁黏膜组织中有15例(37.5%)发生甲基化,14例慢性萎缩性胃炎组织中有5例(35.7%)发生甲基化,6例慢性浅表性胃炎组织中未见甲基化.四组甲基化水平相比,差别有统计意义(P＜0.05).胃癌组甲基化水平高于癌旁组,差别有统计意义(P＜0.05).癌旁组、慢性萎缩性胃炎组、慢性浅表性胃炎组三组甲基化水平相比,差别无统计意义.胃癌各临床病理参数组之间相比差别无统计意义.结论:胃癌组织中hMSH2基因启动子区高甲基化可能是导致其错配修复功能缺陷的重要原因之一;而错配修复功能缺陷在胃癌的发生中起着重要作用,但可能与其发展关系不大.     

胰腺癌组织中p16基因启动子区5''CpG岛甲基化及其表达研究

在胰腺癌多步骤、多阶段发生过程中有多种肿瘤相关基因参与。p16基因是其中一个重要的抑癌基因，参与细胞周期的调控，控制细胞的生长和分化。大量研究表明，多种肿瘤细胞中p16基因通过突变、缺失、高甲基化等方式失活，造成p16蛋白功能丧失，从而导致肿瘤细胞恶性生长。免疫组化研究发现，胰腺癌组织中p16蛋白失表达的比例很高，而关于胰腺原发瘤中p16基因甲基化改变及其临床病理意义的研究报道少见，本研究旨在探讨胰腺癌组织中p16基因启动子区5’CpG岛甲基化情况及其与P16蛋白表达的关系和临床意义，研究其在胰腺癌发生中的可能机制。     

错配修复基因hMLH1表达与胰腺癌临床病理特征的相关性

环境中的有害因素会导致DNA突变和错配，机体正常的DNA复制过程也会发生碱基错配。正常细胞具有纠正DNA复制错误的错配修复系统。hMLH1是DNA错配修复的控制基因。已有研究发现，错配修复基因hMLH1的改变与一部分肿瘤尤其是消化道肿瘤有密切关系。hMLH1基因表达是否与胰腺癌的发生及临床病理特征存在相关性，值得讨论。本研究通过检测胰腺癌错配修复基因hMLH1蛋白表达及启动子甲基化，探讨其与胰腺癌临床及病理特征的关系。     

胰腺癌中nm23基因的表达

目的：探讨nm23基因及蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达水平及其与转移的关系。方法：用Northern blot分析、原位杂交及免疫组织化学法分别对16例正常胰腺及29例胰腺癌中的nm23基因及蛋白的表达进行检测。结果：nm23在胰腺癌组织中的表达高于正常胰腺组织，无转移的胰腺癌组织nm23表达高于有转移的胰腺癌组织，结论：nm23与胰腺癌的转移和恶化密切相关。     

MUC2基因甲基化在胰腺癌细胞株、胰腺癌患者外周血中的检测及意义

目的 检测MUC2基因在胰腺癌细胞株、胰腺癌患者外周血中的甲基化情况,探讨MUC2基因甲基化对胰腺癌早期诊断的价值.方法 收集长海医院消化内科实验室保存的人胰腺癌细胞系SW1990、ASPC、PANC1、BxPC3、PaTu8988、CFPAC1及40例胰腺癌、15例慢性胰腺炎患者和25例正常对照者外周血标本,应用甲基化敏感性限制性内切酶(methylation-sensitive restriction endonuelease,MS-RE)为基础的PCR法检测MUC2基因甲基化.结果 人胰腺癌细胞系PANC1、BxPC3、PaTu8988未发生MUC2基因甲基化;ASPC、CFPAC1、SW1990胰腺癌细胞系发生MUC2基因甲基化.外周血标本中,40例胰腺癌标本甲基化率为40.0%(16例),15例慢性胰腺炎无甲基化,25例正常对照甲基化率4.0%(1例).胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎、正常对照之间的甲基化率有显著差异(P＜0.01).外周血标本MUC2基因启动子CpG岛甲基化检测诊断胰腺癌的敏感性为40%、特异性为97.5%、诊断准确性68.8%、阳性预测值94.1%、阴性预测值61.9%.结论 用甲基化限制性酶切PCR法对外周血进行MUC2基因启动子区高甲基化检测可望成为新的胰腺癌诊断的重要实验室辅助手段.     

胃癌p16基因启动子异常甲基化的临床意义

目的 观察胃癌组织中p16基因启动子区异常甲基化状态,并探讨其甲基化改变与临床特征的关系.方法 采用甲基化特异的聚合酶链反应检测胃癌组织及相应癌旁正常组织中p16基因启动子区甲基化状态.结果 胃癌组织p16基因的异常甲基化率显著高于相应的癌旁正常组织(P＜0.01).胃癌组织中该基因的异常甲基化与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、病理分期、组织分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移等临床特征无显著相关性.结论 p16基因启动子区的异常甲基化是胃癌发生发展中的频繁事件,在胃癌的发生中具有肿瘤特异性.     

人源DNA错配修复基因和微卫星不稳定与老年结肠癌的相关性

目的探讨老年结肠癌患者肿瘤组织的人源DNA错配修复基因(h MLH)1和微卫星不稳定性型情况。方法通过甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测老年结肠癌样本中基因h MLH1启动子甲基化修饰的异常;研究结肠癌样本中微卫星标志物杂合型丢失频率;确定结肠癌患者中的变异与结肠癌的相关性。结果 18.0%的老年结肠癌样本中出现h MLH1启动子高甲基化;51.2%出现微卫星标记D22S280或D22S929的杂合型缺失,25.6%出现D22S280和D22S929的杂合型缺失,并且杂合型缺失与基因h MLH1启动子高甲基化状态相互独立。基因h MLH1启动子甲基化可作为独立的变量预测肿瘤的预后。结论根据h MLH1启动子甲基化状态对高甲基化状态结肠癌进行分类,基因h MLH1可作为微卫星不稳定型老年结肠癌潜在预后标志物之一。     

DNA甲基化与胰腺癌的研究进展

表观遗传学调控机制在肿瘤发生、发展过程中起着重要的作用.DNA甲基化是重要的基因表观修饰方式之一.目前关于胰腺癌发病的分子机制尚未完全阐明,这大大限制了胰腺癌治疗领域的发展.DNA甲基化的研究对明确胰腺癌的发病机制及其早期诊断、靶向治疗等方面具有十分重要的意义.此文就DNA甲基化与胰腺癌关系的研究进展作一综述.     

DNA mismatch repair enzyme expression in synovial tissue

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress in RA synovial tissue can cause DNA damage and suppress the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system in cultured synoviocytes. This mechanism includes two enzyme complexes, hMutSalpha (hMSH2/hMSH6) and hMutSbeta (hMSH2/hMSH3). OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression and distribution of MMR enzymes in synovial tissues from patients with arthritis and from normal subjects. METHODS: Synovial tissues from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA), or normal subjects were analysed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to hMSH2, hMSH3, and hMSH6. MMR protein expression was evaluated by computer assisted digital image analysis. RESULTS: hMSH2, hMSH3, and hMSH6 were found in most synovial tissues evaluated, with greater levels in the intimal lining than sublining regions. In RA and OA, sublining perivascular staining for hMSH6 and hMSH3 was also prominent. Significantly higher sublining expression of hMSH2, hMSH3, and hMSH6 was seen in RA and OA than in normal synovium. Double label immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the main cells expressing MMR enzymes were CD68(+) and CD68(-) cells in the intimal lining. CONCLUSIONS: DNA MMR enzyme expression is greatest in the synovial intimal lining layer, where maximal oxidative stress in RA occurs. Although MMR enzyme expression is greater in RA than in normal tissue, this compensatory response cannot overcome the genotoxic environment, and DNA damage accumulates.     

Helicobacter pylori infection and expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins

AIM： TO determine the expression of DNA （MMR） proteins, including hMLH1 and hMSH2, in gastric epithelial cells in the patients with or without Helicobacter pylori （H pylori）-infected gastritis. METHODS： Fifty Hpylori-positive patients and 50 H pylori-negative patients were enrolled in the study. During endoscopy of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, two antral and two corpus biopsies were taken for histological examination （Giemsa stain） and for immunohistochemical staining of hMLH1 and hMSH2. RESULTS： The percentage of epithelial cell nuclei that demonstrated positivity for hMLH1 staining was 84.14 ± 7.32% in Hpylori-negative patients, while it was 73.34 ±10.10% in Hpylori-positive patients （P 〈 0.0001）. No significant difference was seen between the two groups regarding the percentage of epithelial cell nuclei that demonstrated positivity for hMSH2 staining （81.16±8.32% in H pylori-negative versus 78.24 ± 8.71% in Hpylori-positive patients; P = 0.09）. CONCLUSION： This study indicates that Hpylori might promote development of gastric carcinoma at least in part through its ability to affect the DNA MMR system     

Hypermethylation and aberrant expression of Wnt-antagonist family genes in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma

The canonical Wnt signalling pathway plays a key role during embryogenesis and pathogenesis of various types of tumors. Recently, several studies have shown that the promoter hypermethylation of Wnt-antagonist genes, including sFRP-1, sFRP-2, sFRP-4, sFRP-5, Wif-1 and Dkk-3, have been certified to contribute to the tumorigenesis of several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the promoter methylation of Wnt-antagonist genes in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and to establish the possible relationship between DNA methylation status and the pathogenesis of GCA. MSP, RT-PCR methods were applied respectively to examine the CpG methylation of the Wnt-antagonist genes and its mRNA expression in tumors and corresponding non-cancerous tissues, and immunohistochemistry method was used to determine protein expression of β-catenin(the key factor of the Wnt signalling pathway) and cyclin D1(the target gene of this pathway). The frequency of promoter methylation of sFRP-1, sFRP-2, sFRP-4, sFRP-5, Wif-1 and Dkk-3 genes in GCA tumor tissues were 78.7%(74/94), 76.6%(72/94), 70.2%(66/94), 77.1%(73/94), 61.7%(58/94) and 21.3%(20/94), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Furthermore, the frequencies of silenced mRNA expression of these six genes in GCA tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Methylation levels of these six genes were all correlated with loss of mRNA expression. The ectopic expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was significantly more frequent in GCA tumor tissues than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues and correlated with each Wnt-antagonist genes hypermethylation status. Epigenetic silencing of Wnt-antagonist genes expression by promoter hypermethylation may play an important role in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.     

Mutational analysis of the DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH1 in myeloid leukaemias

Mutations of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene hMLH1 have recently been linked to the development of some hereditary and sporadic cancers which frequently display widespread microsatellite instability (MSI). Conflicting results regarding the extent of MSI in myeloid leukaemias prompted us to perform mutational analysis of all 19 exons of the hMLH1 gene by polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequence analysis in a total of 133 patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia. Apart from one exonic and one intronic polymorphism, no mutations were detected in any of the samples indicating that the major MMR gene hMLH1 is not involved in the pathogenesis or progression of myeloid malignancies.     

Effect of nifedipine in metastatic colon cancer with DNA mismatch repair gene defect

Cancer cells that have DNA mismatch repair deficiency are resistant to many cytotoxic drugs. Calcium channel blockers may inhibit the pathways that cause such resistance. We report a patient with hereditary non-polyposis coli and metastatic colon cancer who had a complete response after treatment with a high dose of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker. Our findings suggest that drugs that interfere with signal transduction could have a clinical role and deserve further study in selected patients.