桉叶油对两种蠕形螨的体外杀虫作用

目的 观察桉叶油的体外杀螨效果。方法 采用透明胶带粘贴过夜法获取两种人体蠕形螨，随机分为5组，观察不同浓度下的桉叶油对两种人体蠕形螨的杀灭作用，并在Motic DM B5图像采集软件系统下记录加药后虫体的死亡过程。结果 桉叶油对两种人体蠕形螨均有明显的体外杀灭作用，对皮脂蠕形螨的杀虫效果优于毛囊蠕形螨。随着药物作用时间的延长及浓度的增加，蠕形螨死亡率增高。6．25％的桉叶油是杀灭人体蠕形螨的最低有效浓度，而12．5％的桉叶油是杀死人体蠕形螨的最适浓度。显微镜下动态观察发现，加药后蠕形螨的形态及活动度变化大多为先剧烈收缩，活动加强，后虫体松弛，活动减弱，直至死亡。结论 桉叶油是一种低毒、经济、高效的杀螨药物。     

一种改进的抗人体蠕形螨药物筛选的实验方法

目的寻找一种简便易行和定量的体外抗人体蠕形螨药物筛选的实验方法。方法以百部乙醇提取物为实验药物,分别应用文献记载的各种方法和自创的跟踪法进行体外抗人体蠕形螨实验,评价各种方法对筛选抗螨药物活性的价值。结果传统各法在药物和螨的作用方法及药物抗螨效果评价等方面均各有利弊。改进的跟踪法简单易行、视野清晰并可定位跟踪螨的变化,准确记录每只螨的死亡时间,用^-x±s表示螨的死亡时间为（3．53±1．04）min,可用t检验比较不同药物的抗螨活性。结论跟踪法是一种较为理想的进行体外抗人体蠕形螨药物活性筛选的实验方法。     

医学生蠕形螨感染调查及药物防治

目的：调查学生蠕形螨的感染情况，观察自制杀螨液的杀螨、抑螨效果。方法：采用挤压括拭法。结果：其总感染率为43.74％；1998、1999、2000级三个年级的感染率分别为39.3％、42.8％、49.9％，有显著性差异；男生感染率为19.11％，女生感染率为40.75％，有显著性差异；感染者中，毛囊蠕形螨最多，占46.96％，皮脂蠕形螨最少，占20.05％，重度感染占14.74％。对部分感染者施用本室自制的杀螨液，用药20d后总有效率和治愈率达90.64％和57.31％。结论：人体蠕形螨在集体生活的人群中感染较为普遍，且随着集体生活时间的延长，其感染率上升；杀螨液具有较好的杀螨、抑螨作用，未见明显副作用。     

艾叶粗提物体外杀螨作用的实验研究

目的探索艾叶粗提物对人体毛囊蠕形螨的体外杀螨效果.方法采用透明胶带粘贴法自受检者面部获取毛囊蠕形螨,按批随机编号,随机分为醇提物、水提物及对照组,分别于4、8和12 h观察虫体死亡情况.结果3种醇提艾叶粗提物中,60%醇提物4、8和12 h杀螨率普遍高于70%醇提物和80%醇提物;60%醇提物的4种浓度中,2 mg/ml醇提物杀螨率与3 mg/ml醇提物间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.01）,但2 mg/ml醇提物杀螨率优于1和0.5 mg/ml醇提物,且杀螨率均在72.12%以上.对比观察艾叶、百部醇提物与水提物的杀螨率,艾叶均显著高于百部;艾叶醇提物杀螨率明显高于水提物.结论艾叶醇提物和艾叶水提物均有明显的杀螨作用,且前者优于后者;醇提艾叶采用60%乙醇提取,杀螨浓度以2 mg/ml效果最佳;艾叶粗提物的杀螨效果优于百部.     

南方战士人体蠕形螨感染调查及药物防治

目的：调查南方战士人体蠕形螨感染情况,观察植物性“灭螨奶液”的杀螨、抑螨效果。方法：采用透明胶纸粘贴法,在海南通什、广东潮汕地区及南京驻军对１８７９名战士进行调查。结果：总感染率为５４．８２％;三地区分别国为５８．０１％,５２．１５％和５８．００％,差异无显著性。感染者中,毛囊蠕形螨最多,占８７．９６％;皮脂蠕最少,占２．６２％;两者混合感染占９．４２％,差异有非常显著意义。从感染度看,轻度（５条     

徐闻县人体蠕形螨感染情况调查

人体蠕形螨感染 ,在各地人群中普遍存在。引起人体蠕螨感染有两种 :毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨。笔者于 1997年 4月至 1998年 5月对徐闻县不同人群 2 178人进行了人体蠕形螨感染调查。1.材料与方法 :受检查中学生 12 2 1人 ,教师 179人 ,医护人员 175人 ,干部 2 87人 ,工人 316人。对中学生单纯采用透明胶纸粘贴法 ,而其他人员同时采用透明胶纸粘贴法和挤压涂片法。2 .结果和分析 :本次共调查 2 178人 ,蠕形螨感染 711例 ,感染率为 32 .6 4%。(1)感染虫种分布 :毛囊蠕形螨占感染总数 92 .40 %(6 5 7/ 711) ,皮脂蠕形螨占感染总数 6 .47%(4 6 / …     

麻风树叶提取物体外抗蠕形螨活性及皮肤安全性的实验研究

目的 探讨麻风树叶治疗蠕形螨病的应用价值.方法 用80%乙醇热回流提取法提取麻风树叶提取液.取蠕形螨感染者面部皮脂,分离并鉴定蠕形螨备用.设不同浓度麻风树叶实验组、2%浓度的甲硝唑对照组和生理盐水对照组,进行体外抗螨实验.pH仪测定不同浓度麻风树叶提取物pH值.设麻风树叶实验组和75%乙醇对照组,用健康家兔进行皮肤刺激实验和急性皮肤毒性实验.结果 50、25、12 mg/ml麻风树叶组与2%甲硝唑组毛囊蠕形螨死亡时间分别为(1.55±0.67)min、(1.61±0.67)min、(2.47±0.80)min和(1.20±0.48)min.50、25 mg/ml麻风树叶组以及2%甲硝唑组两两之间差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).50、25、12 mg/ml麻风树叶提取液pH值分别为6.07±0.73、6.27±0.82、6.35±0.83,对家兔完整皮肤及破损皮肤刺激评分均为0,且无明显毒性.结论 麻风树叶提取物具有较强的体外抗蠕形螨活性且具有皮肤安全性.     

郑州市青少年学生人群蠕形螨感染调查报告

目的　进一步掌握我市大中小学生蠕形螨的感染情况。方法　采用透明胶带粘贴法 ,对 6 0 4名学生进行了面部蠕形螨感染的调查。结果　 8～ 10岁者感染率为 2 .2 2 %,11～ 13岁者为 5 .41%,16～ 18岁者为 2 0 .5 3%,2 0～ 2 3岁者为 49.6 4%,16岁以上的人群蠕形螨感染率男性 37.11%高于女性 2 6 .34 %,以毛囊蠕形螨为主占 70 .99%。结论　在患痤疮的同学中 5 2 .2 9%有蠕形螨感染。提高自我保健意识是防治蠕形螨感染的关键。     

淮北农村中小学生面部蠕形螨感染情况调查

[目的]了解淮北农村学生面部蠕形螨感染情况,为预防中小学生蠕形螨感染提供依据。[方法]采用透明胶纸法对964名中小学生蠕形螨感染进行调查,同时观察其面部皮肤情况。[结果]蠕形螨总感染率为27.49%;小学、初中及高中学生蠕形螨感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.52,P﹥0.05);男生感染率高于女生(χ2=12.23,P﹤0.05);感染螨种大多为毛囊蠕形螨,少数为皮脂蠕形螨和混合感染,差异有统计学意义(χ2=106.65,P﹤0.05);轻度感染多见;鼻唇沟(75.85%)和颊部(73.58%)蠕形螨感染率较高;面部有酒渣鼻、痤疮、脂溢性皮炎蠕形螨感染率高于面部皮肤正常者(χ2=223.57,P﹤0.05)。[结论]淮北农村中小学生蠕形螨感染较为严重,应加强对学生面部蠕形螨感染的防治。     

三种环境条件对毛囊蠕形螨杀灭作用的实验研究

目的探讨2％甲硝唑溶液、常用消毒剂以及高温环境对人体毛囊蠕形螨的体外杀灭作用，为选择有效的灭螨方法提供可靠依据。方法采用透明胶带法获取螨虫，置于不同的条件下，观察其存活情况。结果毛囊蠕形螨在2％甲硝唑溶液中存活时间为36（12～48）h，与空白对照组27（5～56）h比较差异无统计学意义（u=-0．066，P〉0．05）。在3组消毒剂和空白对照组间，毛囊蠕形螨存活时间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=51．610，P〈0．01）。其中，毛囊蠕形螨在75％医用酒精中存活时间为0．22（0．07～0．78）h，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（u=5．6075，P〈0．01）；而毛囊蠕形螨在1％新洁尔灭中存活时间为48（12～60）h，在84消毒液（1：50）中存活时间为24（12～48）h，二者与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1．845，P〉0．01）。在2％甲硝唑、75％医用酒精、1％新洁尔灭、84消毒液（1：50）和空白对照组间，毛囊蠕形螨12h内死亡率分别为19．05％、100．00％、12．50％、21．43％和17．24％，经χ^2检验差异有统计学意义（χ^2=60．0869，P〈0．01）。蠕形螨在45℃时，生存时间急剧缩短，由27℃时生存27h缩短为1．5h，54℃仅生存10min；当温度升至60℃时，存活时间最长不超过1min。结论2％甲硝唑溶液对毛囊蠕形螨无体外杀灭作用；3种消毒液中，只有75％医用酒精对蠕形螨有杀灭作用，1％新洁尔灭和84消毒液（1：50）对蠕形螨均无效。蠕形螨不耐高温，45℃对毛囊蠕形螨生存不利，54℃为致死温度，60℃为灭螨的最佳有效温度。因此，高温灭螨法可以作为目前既环保有效又简便快捷的方法。     

Inhibitory effects of spice essential oils on the growth of Bacillus species

A series of essential oils of 11 Turkish plant spices [black thyme, cumin, fennel (sweet), laurel, marjoram, mint, oregano, pickling herb, sage, savory, and thyme], used in foods mainly for their flavor, aromas, and preservation, in herbal tea, in alternative medicines, and in natural therapies, were screened for antibacterial effects at 1:50, 1:100, 1:250, and 1:500 dilutions by the paper disc diffusion method against six Bacillus species (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ATCC 3842, Bacillus brevis FMC 3, Bacillus cereus FMC 19, Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Bacillus subtilis IMG 22, and B. subtilis var. niger ATCC 10). All of the tested essential oils (except for cumin) showed antibacterial activity against one or more of the Bacillus species used in this study. Generally, the essential oils at 1:50 and 1:100 levels were more effective. Only one essential oil (laurel) was not found effective against the tested bacteria. The bacterium most sensitive to all of the spice essential oils was B. amyloliquefaciens ATCC 3842. Based on the results of this study, it is likely that essential oils of some spices may be used as antimicrobial agents to prevent the spoilage of food products.     

某高校学生蠕形螨感染状况调查

目的了解在校大学生蠕形螨感染状况,探讨蠕形螨感染与面部皮肤疾病的关系。方法采用透明胶纸粘贴法对362名在校大学生进行面部螨虫感染检查,同时对面部皮肤疾病进行调查。结果 362名大学生中85人检出螨虫,总感染率23.48%,男生感染率为26.62%,女生感染率为5.56%;毛囊形螨感染(75.29%)明显高于皮脂腺螨(12.94%);有面部皮肤疾患者的蠕形螨感染率高于面部皮肤正常者。结论该校大学生蠕形螨感染较为普遍,螨虫寄生与面部皮肤病有较大的相关性。     

Specific in vitro toxicity of crude and refined petroleum products: 3. Estrogenic responses in mammalian assays

Current petroleum risk assessment considers only narcosis as the mode of action, but several studies have demonstrated that oils contain compounds with dioxin-like, estrogenic or antiestrogenic, and androgenic or antiandrogenic activities. The present study is the third in a series investigating the specific toxic effects of 11 crude oils and refined products. By employing recombinant mammalian cells stably transfected with the human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) or beta (ERβ), and expressing the luciferase protein (ERα-U2OS-Luc and ERβ-U2OS-Luc assay), the estrogenicity or antiestrogenicity of oils was studied. All oils, except for two refined oils and one crude oil, induced estrogenic responses. The calculated estrogenic potencies of the oils were six to nine orders of magnitude lower than the potency of 17β-estradiol (E2). Upon coexposure to a fixed concentration of E2 and increasing concentrations of oils, additive, antagonistic, and synergistic effects were revealed. One nautical fuel oil was tested in the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, in which it induced cell proliferation up to 70% relative to the maximal induction by E2. At its minimum effect concentration of 25?mg/L, the oil was also capable of inducing mRNA expression of the estrogen-dependent protein pS2 by a factor of two. The present results indicate that oils naturally contain potentially endocrine-disrupting compounds that are able to influence the estrogenicity of other compounds and may cause biological responses beyond receptor binding.     

Assessment of the oxidative stability of conventional and high-oleic sunflower oil by means of solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography

Headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC) was used to identify in total 74 volatile lipid oxidation compounds altogether in thermally stressed conventional and high-oleic sunflower (HOSF) oil samples (in accelerated storage conditions for 14 days at 80°C). Out of the volatile compounds identified, six volatile compounds were selected as marker compounds for the assessment of lipid oxidation of sunflower (SF) and HOSF oils due to their low odour threshold values and fatty-rancid odour impression. Additionally, other oxidation parameters such as fatty acid composition, peroxide value (PV), anisidine value and tocopherol and tocotrienol composition were determined. Multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis) were applied to identify sensitive oxidation marker compounds. Preliminary results revealed that hexanal, E-2-heptenal, E-2-decenal and E,E-2,4-nonadienal were the most suitable in differentiating HOSF and SF oil varieties from each other and SF samples with differing oxidative properties. Differentiation of SF samples according to their volatile compound composition was done in accordance with the results from the well-known oil quality parameters (e.g. PV or fatty acid composition). In conclusion, the combination of volatile compound analysis with HS-SPME-GC and multivariate statistical methods provides a sensitive tool in differentiating conventional SF and HOSF oils by means of volatile lipid oxidation marker compounds.     

Assessment of the oxidative stability of conventional and high-oleic sunflower oil by means of solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography

Headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC) was used to identify in total 74 volatile lipid oxidation compounds altogether in thermally stressed conventional and high-oleic sunflower (HOSF) oil samples (in accelerated storage conditions for 14 days at 80°C). Out of the volatile compounds identified, six volatile compounds were selected as marker compounds for the assessment of lipid oxidation of sunflower (SF) and HOSF oils due to their low odour threshold values and fatty-rancid odour impression. Additionally, other oxidation parameters such as fatty acid composition, peroxide value (PV), anisidine value and tocopherol and tocotrienol composition were determined. Multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis) were applied to identify sensitive oxidation marker compounds. Preliminary results revealed that hexanal, E-2-heptenal, E-2-decenal and E,E-2,4-nonadienal were the most suitable in differentiating HOSF and SF oil varieties from each other and SF samples with differing oxidative properties. Differentiation of SF samples according to their volatile compound composition was done in accordance with the results from the well-known oil quality parameters (e.g. PV or fatty acid composition). In conclusion, the combination of volatile compound analysis with HS-SPME-GC and multivariate statistical methods provides a sensitive tool in differentiating conventional SF and HOSF oils by means of volatile lipid oxidation marker compounds.     

6种植物精油对天然除虫菊素的增效活性研究

目的研究天然冬青油、冷榨桔子油、蒸馏桔子油、柠檬草油、蓝桉油、艾叶油共6种植物精油对天然除虫菊素的增效活性,为开发植物源卫生杀虫剂提供参考。方法微量点滴法。结果在10μg/只的剂量下,6种精油对家蝇无明显毒杀活性,家蝇的24 h死亡率均不超过10%;与天然除虫菊素以10∶1（w∶w）混配后,6种植物精油均能使天然除虫菊素对家蝇的24 h死亡率提高10%以上,显示出一定的增效活性,其中柠檬草油的增效活性最好,家蝇的24 h死亡率提高了29%;柠檬草油与天然除虫菊素的较优配比为8∶1（w∶w）,增效比值为1.567。结论柠檬草油可作为增效剂与天然除虫菊素混配使用,提高其杀虫效果。     

某检验学院2013年学生蠕形螨感染情况调查分析

目的了解2013年我校学生蠕形螨的感染情况及其影响因素。方法采取透明胶带粘贴法和问卷调查法进行检查和调查分析。结果 2013年我校学生中男生蠕形螨感染率为30.6%,女生蠕形螨感染率为28.0%;不用护肤品和用护肤品的学生蠕形螨感染率分别为33.3%和30.5%;皮肤好和皮肤差的学生蠕形螨感染率分别为40.9%和46.8%。结论男生蠕形螨感染率高于女生,但差异无统计学意义;学生采用一般的护肤方法对减低蠕形螨阳性感染率效果不明显;皮肤状况与蠕形螨阳性感染率关系不大。     

Effects of petroleum oils and their paraffinic, asphaltic, and aromatic fractions on photosynthesis and respiration of microalgae

Inhibition of photosynthesis was more severe than that of respiration in Anabaena doliolum exposed to Assam crude oil, furnace oil, petrol, diesel, and kerosene. Variabilities in toxicity of these oils, which seem to be related to their aromatic and asphaltic contents, were observed. Diesel and furnace oil, due to greater concentrations of aromatics, were more toxic than other oils. The toxic effects of asphaltic fractions were similar to those of aromatics. The study showed that the effects of a particular fraction vary from oil to oil. Therefore, toxicity of an oil cannot be correctly predicted by mere estimation of its various fractions. Lower concentrations of Assam crude stimulated photosynthesis and respiration of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria); however, green algae did not show such a response. Stimulation was exerted only by paraffinic fractions of the test oils.