自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带

背景：前交叉韧带重建的方式是决定修复效果的关键因素。自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带是临床上常用的修复方法。目的：比较自体腘绳肌双束与单束重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析了2005-05/2009-06于中南大学湘雅二医院住院的56例急性前交叉韧带Ⅲ度损伤的患者,其中36例行单束自体腘绳肌重建术,20例行双束自体腘绳肌重建术,所有患者前交叉韧带的重建均由同一医师完成,术后随访16～42个月,评估患者的关节活动度、稳定性等指标。结果与结论：随访期间,所有患者的关节活动度均恢复正常,无伸膝受限。两种重建术后患者的Lysholm-Tegner和IKDC膝关节综合功能评定结果、KT-1000检测结果差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,术后1年,取出界面螺钉时行关节镜检查,所有患者均未见明显的重建韧带松弛,说明双束与单束自体腘绳肌重建急性前交叉韧带损伤疗效相近。     

Contralateral limb strength deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a hamstring tendon graft

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether current post-operative rehabilitation protocols return the strength of the contralateral uninjured limb knee flexors and extensors after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to those of an uninjured control group. METHODS: Subjects with a hamstring tendon ACL reconstruction (n=12) were compared to an active control group (n=30). Comprehensive bilateral knee flexor and extensor isovelocity strength testing was performed (five speeds, 5-95 degrees , concentric and eccentric contractions). FINDINGS: After hamstring tendon ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation, bilateral strength normalization (within 10% of the contralateral limb) is achieved by the knee extensors but not the knee flexors. When compared to the uninjured control group, large and statistically significant strength deficits were demonstrated in the knee extensors and knee flexors of both the anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (extensors 24.8%; flexors 26.8%) and the contralateral uninjured (extensors 21%; flexors 13.5%) limbs. INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest that improvement can be made in knee flexor rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction and limit the validity of the use of a contralateral leg as a rehabilitation endpoint or as a control in the ACL reconstructed population.     

自体四股半腱肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带的功能康复

目的；评价关节镜下用半腱肌肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的疗效，并探讨激进康复训练对手术疗效的影响。方法：膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者32例，均采用关节镜下自体四股半腱肌肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建ACL，术前后按激进康复方案和本体感觉强化训练。结果：32例患者术后早期均未发生严重并发症。经平均13个月随访，32例患者Lysholm和Gillquist膝关节评分由术前的35-80分提高至78-100分（P〈0．05），其中23例恢复到损伤前运动水平，9例运动水平较前有所下降。结论；关节镜下半腱肌肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建ACL手术创伤小、出血少，术后恢复快，临床效果满意;配合系统的激进康复训练可明显缩短康复时间，更快地获得膝关节良好的功能。     

局部应用苯妥英治疗各类创口效果的系统评价

目的探讨局部应用苯妥英治疗各类创口的有效性和安全性.方法计算机检索MEDLINE(1966～2002.10)、EMBASE(1984～2002.10)、Cochrane 图书馆(2002年第4期)、Biologic Abstract(1993～1996)、Cancerlit(1997～2002.9)、Life Science Collection(1982～1995.3)、The International Pharmaceutical Abstract(1970～2002)和中国生物医学文献数据库(1978～2003.1),收集局部应用苯妥英治疗各类创口的对照试验.逐篇评价纳入研究的质量后,对研究结果进行描述性分析.结果共纳入9篇文献(1篇RCT、8篇同期非随机对照研究),共507例各类创口.文献质量评价结果显示,纳入文献的方法学质量均较低.多数研究的结果表明,局部应用苯妥英在健康肉芽组织的生长、痊愈率、痊愈时间以及降低创口细菌培养阳性率方面较对照药疗效好,但由于各种创口形成原因、对照干预措施以及结局评价指标上存在差异,未能进行Meta分析.仅一个研究报道有轻微的不良反应.结论评价者认为纳入论证强度低于随机对照试验的研究,其结论可能引起误导,因此要得出苯妥英治疗各类创口肯定有效的结论,尚需进行更多设计、执行和报告都良好的随机对照试验.     

心脏康复训练对冠心病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨护士指导与支持下的病人自我管理型家庭心脏康复训练对改善冠心病患者生活质量的效果.方法将167名符合纳入与排除标准的冠心病患者随机分配到干预组与对照组.对照组84例接受常规治疗护理,干预组83例接受为期12周的患者自我管理型家庭心脏康复训练,包括药物管理、心绞痛管理、运动锻炼、饮食管理、戒烟等.生活质量用SF-36中文版测评.资料收集时间为干预前、干预后,以及干预结束后3个月随访时.结果接受心脏康复训练的干预组患者在一般健康状况、生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、心理健康和精力方面的改善均显著优于对照组.三个月后随访时,其生理功能和生理职能的改善亦显著优于对照组.结论护士指导与支持下的患者自我管理型家庭心脏康复训练对改善冠心病患者的生活质量有积极作用.     

Endobutton钢板及Rigidfix横穿钉固定自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

背景:Endobutton的钢板设计和Rigidfix的横穿钉优点使之较广泛地在前交叉韧带重建中应用。目的:比较分析自体腘绳肌腱行前交叉韧带单束重建过程中Endobutton和Rigidfix系统的效果差异。方法:选取2007-04/2009-06运用Endobutton系统和Rigidfix-Intrafix系统行自体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带各30例患者,重建前分别记录前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验结果及Lysholm膝关节评分。由同一术者按两种方案分别重建前交叉韧带后,进行正规康复锻炼。重建后定期随访并由同一人记录随访指标,与重建前指标进行对比分析,评价两组患者症状的改善程度。结果与结论:Endobutton组患者经过6～26个月的随访,Lysholm膝关节评分由重建前(56.6±5.9)分增长到重建后(91.4±4.0)分。经t检验,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。Rigidfix组患者经过6～24个月的随访,Lysholm膝关节评分由重建前(59.2±6.4)分增长到重建后(93.1±4.7)分,经t检验,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。Endobutton组与Rigidfix组重建后Lysholm膝关节评分差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。经过分析,并不能得出其中某一套系统强于另一套系统的结论。它们各自均有独特的优势,同时又不能互相取代。     

自体胭绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带术后康复的临床研究

目的观察比较自体胭绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）术后三种不同康复方案的临床效果。方法将单侧自体胭绳肌腱重建膝关节ACL手术的患者45例,随机分为保守康复组（A组）,激进康复组（B组）和自制康复组（C组）,每组15例。术后3、6、12个月时比较关节活动受限度、大腿周径差值、IKDC评分、三维重建CT检查移植物骨隧道直径。结果三组在关节活动度受限及大腿肌肉萎缩方面：术后3、6、12个月A组明显大于B、C组,有显著性差异（P〈O．05）;IKDC评分方面：术后3、6、12个月C组优于A、B组,有显著性差异（P〈O．05）;骨隧道扩大方面：B组明显大于A、C组,有显著性差异（P〈O．05）。结论自体胭绳肌腱重建膝关节ACL术后早期康复可以改善膝关节功能,但是并非越激进越好,应以适度康复为原则。     

关节镜下横杆悬挂法重建前交叉韧带

背景：固定移植腱的方法多种多样,每种系统各有其优势,对于用何种方法固定移植的肌腱,目前国际上仍没有一个统一的标准。目的：观察关节镜下横杆悬挂固定法固定自体腘绳肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：选择2008-09/2010-01于安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨二科行膝关节前交叉韧带重建的患者20例。所有患者均应用股骨端横杆悬挂固定和胫骨端界面螺钉组成前交叉韧带固定系统行自体腘绳肌腱前交叉韧带单束重建。重建后随访6～16个月（平均10个月）,评估患者的关节活动度、稳定性等指标。结果与结论：随访期间,无严重并发症发生,重建后膝关节活动度均正常。所有患者术前Lysholm膝关节评分为（60.20±11.54）分,重建后6个月为（92.95±3.55）分,较术前明显提高（P〈0.05）。截至重建后6个月,IKDC评分18例正常,其余2例接近正常。说明关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱横杆悬挂固定法重建前交叉韧带是一种疗效确切的固定方法。     

关节镜下四股自体腘绳肌重建膝前交叉韧带的疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜下四股腘绳肌腱治疗膝前交叉韧带损伤的手术方法和疗效。方法对25例前交叉韧带损伤者实施关节镜下四股腘绳肌静力重建。结果随访3—38个月,24例膝关节不稳症状消失,膝活动度0°～112°,平均（107．3±1．24）°。1例术后出现膝内侧疼痛;1例术后患膝伸直型僵直,经关节镜下松解后有效改善。根据Lysholm膝关节评分法,患膝评分由术前（47．71±2．52）分提高到术后（82．35±1．01）分。结论膝前交叉韧带损伤重建应依据患者对关节功能需求和韧带损伤程度酌情选择重建术式,关节镜下自体腘绳肌重建前交叉韧带取材方便,Endo—Button“悬吊”四股胭绳肌腱的长度和强度合理,术后骨一腱愈合程度满足膝关节功能需要。     

Endobutton钢板及Rigidfix横穿钉固定自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

背景：Endobutton的钢板设计和Rigidfix的横穿钉优点使之较广泛地在前交叉韧带重建中应用。目的：比较分析自体腘绳肌腱行前交叉韧带单束重建过程中Endobutton和Rigidfix系统的效果差异。方法：选取2007-04/2009-06运用Endobutton系统和Rigidfix-Intrafix系统行自体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带各30例患者,重建前分别记录前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验结果及Lysholm膝关节评分。由同一术者按两种方案分别重建前交叉韧带后,进行正规康复锻炼。重建后定期随访并由同一人记录随访指标,与重建前指标进行对比分析,评价两组患者症状的改善程度。结果与结论：Endobutton组患者经过6～26个月的随访,Lysholm膝关节评分由重建前（56.6±5.9）分增长到重建后（91.4±4.0）分。经t检验,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。Rigidfix组患者经过6～24个月的随访,Lysholm膝关节评分由重建前（59.2±6.4）分增长到重建后（93.1±4.7）分,经t检验,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。Endobutton组与Rigidfix组重建后Lysholm膝关节评分差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。经过分析,并不能得出其中某一套系统强于另一套系统的结论。它们各自均有独特的优势,同时又不能互相取代。     

重建前交叉韧带中Endo-Button和可吸收界面螺钉固定的对比

背景：应用腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带过程中仍有许多的争议及未知因素需进一步探讨和研究。目的：比较分析腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带过程中股骨端分别使用Endo-Button系统和可吸收界面螺钉两种不同固定方式的疗效。方法：选择45例在关节镜下使用4股自体腘绳肌腱进行前交叉韧带重建患者,实验组25例股骨端使用Endo-Button钢板固定,对照组20例使用可吸收界面螺钉固定。重建后用相同的方法进行康复锻炼。结果与结论：经过6-21个月的随访,患者膝关节屈伸活动度均达正常范围。Lachman试验中实验组Ⅰ度阳性2例,对照组Ⅰ度阳性3例;轴移试验均阴性。两组重建后膝关节Lysholm评分均较治疗前明显改善,两组间差异无显著性意义。两组随访早期均有较高的骨道扩大发生率,但组间差异无显著性意义;对照组骨道增宽程度强于实验组（P〈0.05）。说明两组早期总体临床效果相近。     

Home-based electromyography-triggered stimulation in chronic stroke

OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the feasibility of a home-based electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation (ETMS) programme; and (2) to determine ETMS efficacy in increasing affected wrist extension and reducing affected arm impairment. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, pre-post, cross-over design. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation hospital. PATIENTS: Twelve chronic stroke patients with palpable muscle contraction in their affected wrist extensors but no movement (7 males; mean age = 59.75 years, age range 44-75 years; mean time since stroke = 52.75 months, range 13-131 months). INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either: (a) ETMS use twice every weekday in 35-min increments during an eight-week period followed by an eight-week home exercise programme (ETMS/home exercise programme) (n=8); or (b) an eight-week home exercise programme followed by use of ETMS twice every weekday in 35-min increments during an eight-week period (home exercise programme) (n=4). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Fugl-Meyer, Action Research Arm Test and goniometry. RESULTS: After home exercise programme participation, subjects showed nominal or no changes on any of the outcome measures. After ETMS, patients showed modest impairment reductions, as shown by the Fugl-Meyer, and no Action Research Arm Test changes. However, both groups showed a 21 degree increase in active affected wrist extension after ETMS use. CONCLUSION: ETMS use is feasible in the home environment. Neither participation in a traditional home exercise programme nor ETMS use conveyed changes on the Fugl-Meyer or Action Research Arm Test. However, ETMS use increased active affected limb extension. This new movement may provide a potential pathway for subjects to participate in other interventions, such as modified constraint induced therapy.     

膝关节镜下“人”字形胭绳肌肌腱重建膝前交叉韧带的手术配合

目的探讨膝关节镜下“人”字形胭绳肌肌腱经胫骨双隧道重建膝前交叉韧带手术配合的体会。方法回顾性分析和总结25例膝关节镜下“人”字形胭绳肌肌腱重建膝前交叉韧带的手术配合经过。结果25例手术均顺利完成，无并发症发生。结论做好术前器械准备和准确到位的手术配合是手术顺利开展的重要保证。     

前交叉韧带重建术后患者家庭康复现状调查

目的调查前交叉韧带重建术后患者家庭康复情况。方法对行关节镜下交叉韧带单束重建的102例患者采用一般情况调查表、前交叉韧带重建术后康复现状调查表及社会支持量表进行问卷调查,并评定膝关节Lysholm评分。结果仅53.92%的患者按家庭康复锻炼计划进行功能锻炼;理解康复锻炼目的和掌握正常康复锻炼方法的患者数均不足50.00%;得到医务人员康复督促指导者仅占5.88%;患者客观支持和对支持的利用度得分均高于常模(P0.01);不同文化程度和家庭康复锻炼患者的膝关节Lysholm评分差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论前交叉韧带重建术后患者家庭康复现状不满意,应定期门诊或电话随访,对患者进行个性化康复指导。     

关节镜下半腱肌/股薄肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带

目的 探讨膝关节镜下采用自体半腱肌／股薄肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的方法和效果。方法 回顾分析54例膝关节镜下应用自体双股半腱肌／股薄肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的情况，随访2年以上纳入分析。采用Lysholm关节评分、国际膝关节文献编制委员会0KDC）分级评估标准和KT-1000关节测量仪测定稳定性评价疗效。结果 平均随访30．8个月，Lysholm关节评分由术前58分提高到术后95分，优良率96．3％。IKDC功能评价29例（53．7％）正常、24例（44.5％）基本正常、1例（1．8％）异常。KT-1000测定优38例（70．4％），良15例（27．8%），差1例（1．8%），平均移动度2．1mm。结论 关节镜下自体双股半腱肌／股薄肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带方法可行，疗效确切。术后能早期康复锻炼，稳定性好，并发症少。     

Patient and caregiver outcomes 12 months after home-based therapy for hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of early discharge and home-based therapy with conventional hospital rehabilitation on patient and caregiver outcomes at 12 months after hip fracture. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Acute and subacute care with follow-up in a community setting in Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-six older adults admitted to acute care after hip fracture who were assessed as needing rehabilitation. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible patients were randomized to either home-based (n=34) or hospital (n=32) rehabilitation. Patients assigned to the home-based group were discharged home within 48 hours of randomization. Patients assigned to hospital rehabilitation received usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Modified Barthel Index (MBI), timed up and go (TUG) test, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Caregiver Strain Index. RESULTS: At 12 months, 56 of 66 (85%) participants were available for follow-up assessment. Both groups achieved significant improvements in MBI and TUG test scores. Patients in both groups had a significant decline in the physical score of the SF-36 and there were no differences between groups. Caregivers of patients allocated to receive home-based therapy reported a reduction in burden after 12 months. Over that period, there was a significant reduction in the burden for caregivers of those patients who received home rehabilitation (P=.020). CONCLUSION: For patients who were previously functionally independent and living in the community, early return home with increased involvement of caregivers after hip fracture resulted in similar patient outcomes (home vs hospital) and less caregiver burden at 12 months.     

Tunnel enlargement after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Comparison of bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring autografts

Bone tunnel enlargement associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has recently become a topic of interest in the literature. This association was examined, along with the effect of femoral and tibial tunnel enlargement on the clinical results of ACL reconstruction performed with either bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) or hamstring (HST) autografts. Forty-six patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction (23 receiving BPTB autograft and 23 HST) between March 1999 and July 2001. Thirty patients (13 receiving BPTB autograft and 17 HST) completed the last clinical and radiologic evaluations and were included in the study. The mean age of patients in the HST group was 29.8 years (range 18–39) and that in the BPTB group was 27.6 years (range 20–37). The mean follow-up period was 24.6 months (range 12–36) in HST group and 18.5 months (range 12–40) in BPTB group. The effect of tunnel enlargement on the clinical results was evaluated by comparing preoperative and postoperative Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores and ligament laxity measurements between and within the groups. Postoperative femoral and tibial tunnel diameters in both groups were significantly larger than their corresponding preoperative tunnel diameters. In an intergroup evaluation, the enlargement of the tibial tunnel was similar in both groups (P=.556), but the femoral tunnel diameter was significantly larger in the HST group than in the BPTB group (P>.001). Preoperative laxity of the knees significantly improved after the operations in both groups, but no difference between the groups was evident at the final follow-up visit. No correlation between tunnel widening and the clinical results of the BPTB and HST procedures was observed.     

Cardiac rehabilitation vs. home exercise after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a comparison of heart rate recovery

OBJECTIVE: The autonomic dysfunction is known to adversely affect clinical outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease, and exercise training has been shown to modify the sympathovagal control of heart rate. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on heart rate recovery in patients who received coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and compare the effect with that of a home-based exercise program. DESIGN: Fifty-four male patients having undergone CABG were randomly assigned to a cardiac rehabilitation exercise program (n = 18), a home-based exercise program (n = 18), and a control group (n = 18) for 12 wks to evaluate the differences in heart rate recovery among groups. RESULTS: Patients in the cardiac rehabilitation group had significant increases in heart rate recovery (19.1 +/- 6.2 vs. 14.0 +/- 5.4 beats/min, P = 0.022) compared with those in the control group. There were no significant differences in heart rate recovery between cardiac rehabilitation and home-based exercise groups (16.2 +/- 4.8 beats/min) or between home-based exercise and control groups. All three groups had significantly improved heart rate recovery compared with their baseline data (P < 0.001, < 0.001, and 0.007). CONCLUSION: Our results point out that a cardiac rehabilitation exercise program has a positive effect on heart rate recovery in patients having undergone CABG and is consistent with the autonomic improvement. Although the home-based exercise group did not reveal statistical significances over those in the control group, it had comparable efficacy to that demonstrated in the cardiac rehabilitation group.     

自体腘绳肌双束重建膝前交叉韧带21例

背景：传统的前交叉韧带重建为单束重建,不能改善膝关节的旋转不稳定性和本体感觉。目的：观察关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：选择前交叉韧带损伤患者,重建前磁共振检查均报道有前交叉韧带损伤。采用自体腘绳肌双束4隧道重建前交叉韧带。结果与结论：前交叉韧带重建后随访≥3个月。KT-2000测量结果显示重建后双侧膝关节前向松弛度差较重建前减小（P〈0.05）,Lachman试验检测结果显示重建后Lachman试验和轴移试验阳性率下降（P〈0.05）。国际膝关节功能评分分级评定结果显示,21例患者恢复至伤前运动水平（P〈0.01）,结果证实,采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效较好。     

经胫骨隧道重建前交叉韧带过程中等长点的确定

背景：前交叉韧带重建中等长点的选择较为关键,关于经前内侧关节镜入路及经胫骨隧道重建前交叉韧带过程中等长点确定的问题讨论类研究较少。目的：观察经前内侧关节镜入路及经胫骨隧道重建前交叉韧带的疗效并讨论等长点的确定的技术问题。方法：纳入前交叉韧带损伤的患者48例,查体及磁共振检测显示前交叉韧带完全断裂,随机分为经前内侧关节镜入路组26例和经胫骨隧道入路组22例。结果与结论：随访平均21个月,结果显示经前内侧关节镜入路及经胫骨隧道重建前交叉韧带重建中选择等长点次数差异均无显著性意义。两组Lysolm评分、Tegner评分和移植物角度a差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。提示采用经胫骨入路建立股骨侧隧道,利用重建中选择等长点的方法,可获得与经前内侧关节镜入路相近的临床结果。