Reconstruction of the nasal tip including the columella and soft triangle using a mastoid composite graft.

This paper describes the use of a composite graft from the mastoid area consisting of full-thickness skin peripherally and selectively localised fascia-fat tissue underneath the skin centrally for immediate reconstruction of moderate defects of the nasal tip including the columella and soft triangle. Mastoid composite grafting is a simple and safe procedure that avoids partial graft loss and provides adequate augmentation of soft tissue, easy reshaping of the new nostril rim, minimal post-operative shrinkage, and no donor-site morbidity. Then, it results in a satisfactory nasal appearance with adequate tip projection and symmetry. This procedure may represent a preferred method of nasal tip reconstruction.     

自体鼻中隔软骨在鼻尖和鼻小柱整形中的应用

目的 探讨自体鼻中隔软骨在鼻尖和鼻小柱整形中的应用效果.方法 将鼻中隔软骨移植与鼻小柱处大翼软骨内侧角之间作为支架,将鼻中隔软骨修剪成盾形移植于鼻尖.结果 本组108例患者均获随访l～2年,鼻尖、鼻小柱整形效果稳定,无软骨吸收变形,无皮肤坏死,切口瘢痕不明显.除2例术前鼻尖过于肥大圆钝的患者术后感觉鼻尖表现点较不明显外,余者临床效果均满意.结论 自体鼻中隔软骨进行鼻尖、鼻小柱整形,可获得良好的临床效果.     

鼻中隔后动脉前唇岛状瓣修复完全性双侧唇裂前唇过短畸形

目的 探讨前唇长度不足的完全性双侧唇裂畸形的有效修复方法.方法 选择双侧完全性唇裂死婴新尸体2例,经氧化铅动脉灌注造影后,取鼻唇部组织拍X线片,了解其血供特点.临床上选择前唇长度明显不足的完全性双侧唇裂16例,利用其前唇血供特点,在鼻唇部做V形切口,使鼻小柱与前唇充分分离,形成近似带血管蒂的岛状前唇组织瓣,前唇便很容易下降到与侧唇对应的位置,解决了前唇长度不足的难点.然后,按照Millard的术式修复双侧唇裂.1年余后拍摄患者正、侧头位面像,在照片上测量鼻唇面各解剖标志点之间线性距离及角度,并与对照组30例正常婴幼儿比较,客观地评估手术效果及稳定性.结果 双侧完全性唇裂的前唇血供主要由鼻中隔后动脉供应.16例双侧唇裂患儿术后1年,上唇形态良好,测量的各项指数统计学处理显示：多数与正常婴幼儿对照组差异无统计学意义,客观上提示手术效果满意.结论 利用双侧唇裂患者前唇血供主要由鼻中隔后动脉供应的解剖特点,修复完全性双侧唇裂,可以有效地解决前唇过短的难题,术后效果理想、稳定.     

以鼻中隔软骨为鼻小柱支撑移植物在鼻尖整形中的应用

目的:探讨以鼻中隔软骨为鼻小柱支撑移植物在东方人鼻尖整形中的应用。方法:在50例鼻尖整形患者中,均以鼻中隔软骨为鼻小柱支撑移植物,使用固定悬浮型移植27例,延伸型移植13例,鼻中隔延伸型移植10例。结果:除1例因术后鼻尖突出度不足,经二次手术纠正外,余49例鼻尖成形良好,患者对手术效果满意。结论:根据不同情况,以鼻中隔软骨的不同植入形式进行鼻小柱支撑移植是鼻尖整形中一项良好的手术技术。     

鼻中隔软骨及耳软骨在鼻尖延长中的应用

目的 探讨自体鼻中隔软骨联合耳软骨治疗短鼻的临床疗效.方法 采集自体鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨分别制成鼻中隔尾侧延伸移植物、鼻小柱支撑移植物及鼻尖移植物,重塑鼻翼软骨支架.结果 对263例患者随访1～2年,鼻尖形态自然,支撑稳固,延长明显,外形显著改善,均未出现鼻尖相关并发症.结论 采用自体鼻中隔软骨及耳软骨延长鼻尖,其重塑的鼻翼软骨支架符合正常鼻尖解剖结构,能更好地控制鼻尖形态,并避免使用异体材料而出现相关并发症.是一种效果确切、安全有效的方法.     

鼻中隔尾段前徙术在鼻尖成形中的应用

目的 通过鼻中隔尾段前徙术,建立稳定的鼻尖支撑结构,以获得持久的鼻尖形态.方法 应用鼻中隔尾段前徙术重构鼻中隔,使鼻中隔前角及尾侧缘达到鼻尖预计的高度和长度;再将下外侧软骨穹窿、鼻翼内侧脚与鼻中隔尾侧缝合,从而形成稳定的鼻尖支撑结构.结果 26例受术者随访3～16个月,其中2例出现鼻背骨与软骨衔接处阶梯状改变,但鼻尖形态良好;3例原有鼻尖鼻小柱偏斜的患者,在3个月后出现再次偏斜,但较原先有一定改善;其余21例均鼻尖形态良好.结论 利用鼻中隔尾段前徙术可形成稳定的鼻尖形态,是一种有效的方法.     

第一趾蹼游离皮瓣修复鼻小柱鼻端缺损

目的探讨吻合血管的第1趾蹼皮瓣修复鼻小柱鼻端缺损的效果。方法供区为第1趾蹼游离皮瓣。于下颌缘面动脉处作一3cm长切口,解剖出面动、静脉,保护好面神经下颌缘支。在鼻小柱与一侧下颌缘面动静脉间皮下分离一弧形隧道,把皮瓣安置在鼻部创面上,血管蒂穿过皮下隧道到达受区,足背动脉与面动脉、大隐静脉与面静脉进行吻合,将皮瓣以5-0丝线缝合于鼻尖和鼻小柱部位。结果2003年2月至2006年12月于临床应用6例,所有皮瓣全部成活,经6个月-1年的随访,再造鼻小柱鼻端外形、质地、色泽、抗损伤能力均良好。结论第1趾蹼游离皮瓣是修复鼻小柱鼻端缺损的理想皮瓣。     

Aesthetic reconstruction of the nasal tip using a folded composite graft from the ear.

Defects of the nasal tip, the alar, and the columella were treated with composite grafts from the postauricular area. The graft was folded into a three-dimensional shape, which provided a three-layered reconstruction of skin, cartilage and nasal lining. This procedure preserved the shape of the reconstruction for a longer time and yielded a good aesthetic result. Moreover, although this method was simple and was carried out in one stage, it left minimal morbidity of the donor site, and produced satisfying results.     

耳屏软骨在鼻尖和鼻小柱整形中的应用

目的:探讨鼻尖和鼻小柱整形中双侧耳屏软骨的应用。方法:切取双侧耳屏软骨,将一侧软骨沿长轴从中央不全层切开,翻转重叠形成Y形支撑杆,将另一块耳屏软骨盖在Y形杆上方,行成伞状软骨冒。飞鸟形切口切开鼻翼及鼻小柱,根据情况在鼻小柱下方可设计成V-Y切口。植入已做好的伞状软骨架,如鼻梁较低可同时植入假体隆鼻。结果:27例患者鼻尖均得到抬高,鼻小柱均有不同程度的延长。耳屏切口隐蔽,外形无明显改变,满意率达100%。结论:采用双侧耳屏软骨鼻尖成形,具有形象逼真,效果好,取材简单等特点,是鼻尖整形较好的软骨供体。     

A minimally invasive endoscopic transsphenoidal approach with an endonasal septal pushover technique by using a modified nasal speculum.

Whereas the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach has been applied in patients with pituitary lesions as a potentially efficacious and less invasive surgical technique, the sinonasal step of a series of the surgical procedures is generally not well known to neurosurgeons. This is one of the reasons why the endoscopic technique has not been fully been adopted as a routine surgical procedure approaching towards the sella. The present paper describes the technical details of a purely endoscopic approach using an endonasal septal pushover technique. We also present a newly designed nasal speculum specialized for this endoscopic endonasal technique. As compared to the endoscopic endonasal approach previously reported, the surgical procedure required for sphenoidotomy with the aid of the modified speculum was simplified and thereby less time-consuming. This technique has been performed in 40 patients with several types of pituitary lesions. All patients recovered rapidly without significant rhinological complications. Despite a limited number of cases, our experience suggests that this simplified endoscopic technique could encourage a more routine use of endoscopes in the endonasal approach for pituitary lesions.     

自体耳及鼻中隔软骨在鼻尖整形中的应用

目的：探讨自体耳甲软骨或鼻中隔软骨对鼻尖圆钝、鼻尖低平上旋的求美者的美容效果以及对隆鼻术后鼻尖发生并发症患者的修复效果。方法：采用自体耳甲软骨或鼻中隔软骨对鼻尖圆钝、鼻尖低平上旋的求美者以及对鼻尖处皮肤张力过大,鼻尖外形不良,假体外形显露,鼻尖皮肤发红萎缩变薄甚至穿孔者行鼻尖整形术。结果：2005年9月～2010年1月,采用自体耳甲软骨或鼻中隔软骨行鼻尖整形满足求美者需求同时又防治了并发症,鼻尖角度改善明显,效果满意。结论：采用自体耳甲软骨或鼻中隔软骨行鼻尖整形能有效改善鼻尖美学缺陷并防治隆鼻术后并发症。     

改良鼻翼沟成形及鼻尖缩小术矫治鼻尖肥大

目的 探索一种矫治鼻尖圆钝肥大的有效方法.方法 将72例鼻尖圆钝肥大患者分为两组.A组36例,其中30例通过鼻外U形切口,行改良鼻翼沟成形术及鼻尖缩小术,6例自两侧鼻翼内侧缘切口,行改良鼻翼沟成形术;B组36例,其中27例采用鼻外U形切口,行鼻尖缩小术+L形硅胶假体隆鼻术,9例采用单侧鼻孔内侧缘切口,行L形硅胶假体隆鼻术.结果 术后随访患者6～24个月.满意率:A组为88.89%(32/36),B组为69.44%(25/36).经x2检验,A组满意率大于B组,差异有统计学意义邋(P＜0.05).A组中1例出现鼻翼皮肤坏死,2例鼻小柱轻度偏斜,1例鼻翼沟深度不足.结论 改良鼻翼沟成形术对缩小鼻尖、重塑鼻部凹凸曲线有立竿见影的效果,该手术效果可靠、持久,鼻翼表面无痕.     

鼻中隔软骨游离移植矫正鼻尖圆钝肥大

目的 探讨以自体鼻中隔软骨移植在鼻尖圆钝螯形术中的应用.方法 取1整块自体鼻中隔软骨片,移植于鼻中隔软骨前端,作为鼻中隔延伸支架,将两侧鼻翼软骨收拢缝合固定于支架上.同时,剪除部分外侧脚近端软骨,修剪鼻尖过多的软组织,以突出鼻尖轮廓.结果 126例,术后随访1年,118例（94%）效果满意,8例因鼻尖皮肤过厚,效果未达到患者满意程度.结论 临床实践证明,所介绍的方法 是治疗鼻尖圆钝肥大的良好可行方法.     

Correction of atrophic nasal ala by sandwiching an auricular cartilage graft between para-alar and nasal floor retrogressive flaps

To correct atrophy of the nasal ala, combined flaps of the para-ala and the nasal floor were used. The flaps were pedicled on the alar base then slid in a retrograde fashion. Auricular cartilage harvested from the concha was placed in the original ala and between the para-alar and the nasal floor flaps to support the reconstructed nasal ala. The resulting skin defects in the nasal floor were covered with the skin grafts taken from postauricular regions. Postoperative scars were not conspicuous because suture lines were placed on the alar groove and the postauricular groove.     

Closure of nasal septal perforation with a cutaneous flap and a perichondrocutaneous graft

A cutaneous flap from the cheek and a perichondrocutaneous free graft is used for closing a perforation of the nasal septum. The cutaneous flap is rotated to set into the defect covering one side of the perforation while the other side is covered with a free perichondrocutaneous graft, nutrified by vascular proliferation from the cutaneous flap. The anterior side of the auricular concha is used as donor site for the composite perichondrocutaneous graft. The cutaneous flap is divided after about four weeks. Twenty-eight patients have been operated on with this technique; 27 had a complete closure after an observation time of four to eight years. A biopsy three months after the operation showed that the perichondrium generated cartilage as supporting tissue. The technique was modified as using a labiobuccal mucosal flap showed unfavourable results.     

Nasal tip treatment by lengthening of the short columella in bilateral cleft lip sequelae.

The mobilization of two muco-chondrocutaneous flaps obtained by two parallel incisions along the nasal dorsum may elevate and elongate the columella in patients with bilateral cleft lips. The nose tip is also modulated by a triangular tissue resection right above the alar segment in both sides. Thirty-four patients have been treated with this method.