弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿（Graves病）的介入治疗

目的：探讨采用甲状腺动脉栓塞方法治疗弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿（ Graves病）的疗效及临床意义。方法筛选30例Graves病患者,经动脉造影明确甲状腺动脉的位置及血供情况,超选入甲状腺上动脉或下动脉内用聚乙烯醇微球进行栓塞治疗,并观察其疗效。结果30例全部栓塞成功,16例栓塞双侧甲状腺上动脉,11例栓塞双侧甲状腺上动脉加单侧下动脉,3例栓塞一侧甲状腺上动脉。栓塞前后测定血清甲状腺激素,30例患者T3由3.4～41.2 nmol/L降至0.9～8.1 nmol/L;T4由79.1～436.3 nmol/L降至62.2～236.9 nmol/L;栓塞后颈部血管杂音完全消失,颈围于术后1天开始缩小,2周左右达到稳定状态。随访6个月～2年,20例完全停药,6例间断服药6个月,症状消失,未出现复发;4例随访1年,间断服用抗甲状腺药物,症状得到有效控制。所有病例未见发生甲状腺功能低下。结论甲状腺动脉栓塞术是治疗甲亢引起的Graves病有效的微创治疗方法。     

甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗甲状腺机能亢进

目的探讨栓塞甲状腺动脉治疗甲状腺机能亢进的方法并观察疗效。方法22例甲状腺机能亢进病人接受了选择性甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗。使用微球栓塞剂共栓塞52支甲状腺动脉。选择的适应证为拟行外科手术术前药物准备失败者和手术出血风险大或拟行131I治疗的巨大甲状腺者。结果21例病人栓塞后1月内血清三碘甲状腺氨酸中位值自8.8nmol/L(4.3～43.0nmol/L)降至4.0nmol/L(1.1～9.2nmol/L),甲状腺素中位值自206.4nmol/L(77.4～748.2nmol/L)降至144.5nmol/L(25.8～279.9nmol/L),（P<0.01）。临床症状缓解或消失。随访超过半年的12例在停用或间断使用抗甲状腺药物的情况下可有效控制症状。2例抗甲状腺抗体阳性者短期复发后再次栓塞。未见发生甲状腺功能低下或甲状旁腺功能异常。1例并发严重造影剂过敏反应。结论作为手术和131I治疗的替代疗法或外科术前准备方法,甲状腺动脉栓塞是甲状腺机能亢进综合治疗中可供选择的有效手段。其长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

甲状腺功能亢进时甲状腺的血供分析

目的　研究甲状腺功能亢进 (甲亢 )时各支甲状腺动脉的粗细及其供应甲状腺组织的多少 ,为甲亢的动脉栓塞治疗提供相关的理论依据。方法　对 5 5例甲亢患者行甲状腺动脉造影 ,测量各支甲状腺动脉的直径及其供应的甲状腺组织所占单侧甲状腺的比例 ,供应比例 >6 0 %时定义为主要供血 ,占 4 0 %～ 6 0 %时为上下动脉供血相当。结果　右侧甲状腺上动脉内径 2 .2～ 6 .0mm ,平均 (3.8±0 .90 )mm ,1例缺如 ;右侧甲状腺下动脉内径 1.7～ 5 .6mm ,平均 (3.5± 1.3)mm ,2例缺如。左侧甲状腺上动脉内径 2 .4～ 6 .0mm ,平均 (3.7± 0 .9)mm ,1例缺如 ;左甲状腺下动脉内径 1.0～ 5 .2mm ,平均 (2 .9± 1.0 )mm ,3例缺如。左右侧甲状腺最下动脉各有 1例显示。双侧甲状腺上动脉相比 ,其粗细相差不明显 (t=0 .2 74 1,P >0 .0 5 ) ,双下动脉相比 ,右侧较左侧粗 (t=2 .3917,P <0 .0 2 ) ;右上下动脉相比 ,相差不明显 (t=0 .95 5 6 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,左上下动脉相比 ,上动脉明显较下动脉粗 (t =3.7796 ,P <0 .0 1)。右侧甲状腺由右上动脉供血为主者占 5 6 .4 % (31/ 5 5 ) ,上、下动脉供血相当者占 4 0 % (2 2 / 5 5 ) ,右下动脉为主者 3.6 % (2 / 5 5 ) ,后两者合计占 4 3.6 % ;左侧甲状腺由左上动脉供血为主者占 4 9.1% (2     

介入性栓塞治疗甲状腺机能亢进症

目的 :探索甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗甲状腺机能亢进 (简称甲亢 )的临床效果。材料和方法 :对 19例甲亢患者经甲状腺动脉超选择性插管 ,采用PVA ,硬脑膜微粒及钢圈栓塞治疗。结果 :甲状腺动脉超选择性插管、全部栓塞成功 ,13例甲亢症状缓解及T3、T4降至正常 ,所有的病例甲状腺体积有不同程度缩小 ,无严重并发症发生。结论 :甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗甲亢是安全、有效的方法。     

甲状腺动脉栓塞术治疗Graves病

目的　探讨栓塞甲状腺动脉治疗Graves病的方法并观察疗效。方法　选择 10例临床确诊的Graves病患者 ,经内科治疗病情反复或药物致粒细胞减少或外科手术后复发 ,使用PVA微球共栓塞 2 5支甲状腺动脉。结果　 10例栓塞后随访 5～ 8个月 ,血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT3)中位值自2 0 .90 pmol/L(13.36～ 5 0 .92pmol/L)降至 7.81pmol/L(3.6 7～ 35 .3pmol/L)、游离甲状腺素 (FT4 )中位值自 5 7.9pmol/L(30 .96～ 5 7.9pmol/L以上 )降至 2 8.13pmol/L(2 0 .44～ 39.6 0 pmol/L) ,(P <0 .0 0 5 )。 7例临床症状缓解 ,并停用抗甲状腺药物。 3例FT3、FT4 偏高 ,但与术前相比明显下降 ,用药较术前减少 ,无严重并发症。结论　介入治疗Graves病是一种安全、有效的治疗方法 ,远期疗效尚需进一步观察     

~(131)I治疗单个毒性自主功能性甲状腺结节的远期疗效

作者在1972～1984年间用统一剂量~(131)I740MBq(20mCi)治疗有甲亢表现的单个毒性自主功能性甲状腺结节病人52例,平均年龄51.2±11.2岁,女:男为3.3∶1,平均血清T_3为4.3±1.1nmol/L(正常值1.8～2.9);T_4为186±44nmol/L(正常值65～140);24小时摄碘率为52±12%.放射性碘和锝显像显示单个热结节伴结节外组织摄碘功能受抑制.其中12例在服~(131)I前曾用抗甲状腺药物治疗.结果:在~(131)I治疗后6个月时,全部52例都转为甲状腺功能正常,不需服用抗甲状腺药物.有一     

应用彩超评价甲状腺动脉栓塞术治疗甲状腺功能亢进的疗效

目的　应用彩超评价甲状腺动脉栓塞术治疗甲状腺功能亢进 (甲亢 )的疗效。方法　 4 2例甲亢患者行甲状腺动脉栓塞术。术前及术后 1、3、6个月用彩超观察腺体回声 ,测量腺体容积及动脉内径 ,多普勒测量血流收缩期最大速度 (Vs)、舒张期最大速度 (Vd)、平均速度 (Vm)、搏动指数 (PI)、阻力系数 (RI) ,计算血流量。并观察各项测值与T3 、T4、促甲状腺激素 (TSH)之间变化关系。结果　术前腺体容积增大为弥漫性、均质或非均质性低回声 ,部分有结节 ,甲状腺动脉及腺体内多级分支动脉多而粗 ,术后腺体容积缩小 ,术后 1～ 3个月腺体回声增强、增粗 ,血管变细而少 ,腺体内仅见星点状血流束 ,时隐时现 ,部分腺体内无血流信号 ,3～ 6个月腺体回声由强逐渐变低或强弱相间 ,分布不均。血流参数各项测值 ,术前与术后比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　甲状腺动脉栓塞术治疗甲亢近期效果明显 ,彩色多普勒超声对术前明确诊断术后疗效观察具有重要价值。     

顽固性甲状腺机能亢进症的介入治疗

目的：探讨甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗顽固性甲状腺机能亢进症的临床价值。方法：超选择性插管至甲状腺上、下动脉,采用PVA微球及明胶海绵栓塞治疗。栓塞后观察甲状腺功能及大小的变化。结果：21例甲状腺动脉栓塞均成功。随访3－12个月,血清FT3中位值自17.1pmol/L降至7.44pmol/L,FT4中位值自51.1pmol/L降至23.3pmol/L（P＜0．01）,甲状腺明显缩小,4例停服抗甲状腺药物,17例服少量抗甲状腺药物维持,无严重并发症。结论：甲状腺动脉栓塞为顽固性甲状腺机能亢进症的治疗提供了一种安全有效的新方法。     

犬甲状腺动脉栓塞术治疗甲亢的实验研究

犬甲状腺动脉栓塞术治疗甲亢的实验研究结果表明,对照组栓塞术后不同时间(7.14.21.28天)与术前比较,T_3、T_4水平均明显下降,差异显著(P<0.01)。甲亢组栓塞术后不同时间(7.14.21.28天)T_3、L_4水平逐渐下降,呈负相关(P<0.01)。rT_3水平各组术后不同时间(7.14.21.28天)与术前正常、甲亢比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。T_3、T_4水平的变化与术后不同时间及甲状腺血管栓塞范围有关。提示:甲状腺动脉栓塞术将是治疗甲亢的一个新疗法,并为临床应用提供了理论依据。     

131I放疗后复发性甲状腺功能亢进症29例手术体会

131I放疗甲状腺功能亢进症 (甲亢 )的过程中 ,甲状腺实际接受放射线剂量受多项因素影响 ,仍有一定复发率。 1990～ 2 0 0 3年 ,我科采用常规的甲状腺大部切除术治疗经131I放疗后的复发性甲亢 2 9例 ,体会如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　男 7例 ,女 2 2例 ;年龄 31～ 6 5岁 ,平均 4 3 6岁。病程 0 5～ 6年。入院时均有典型甲亢症状。1 2　术前检查及准备　术前均行T3、T4 、TSH及B超检查 ,排除自主性高功能性甲状腺腺瘤 ,经抗甲状腺药物治疗 ,甲亢症状控制 ,T3、T4 降至正常后 ,予口服复方碘溶液 1ml,每天 3次 ,1～ 2周。1 3　手术方…     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.