全程综合管理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病出院患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨全程综合管理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者生活质量的影响。方法将160例Ⅱ~Ⅳ级COPD患者按入院顺序编号,采用单双号数字分为观察组与对照组各80例。对照组住院期间进行常规对症支持治疗及护理,出院前进行运动、营养及药物指导,出院后每2个月随访复查1次;观察组采取全程综合管理方法,由14名医护人员组成全程综合管理小组,针对COPD患者的疾病、经济、心理、营养状况制定日常疾病管理方案,进行为期1年的干预。比较两组随访期再住院率及急诊就诊率、家庭氧疗执行情况、生活质量。结果观察组家庭氧疗执行率显著高于对照组,再住院率及急诊就诊率显著低于对照组(均P0.05);观察组生活质量总分、呼吸症状得分、疾病影响得分、活动受限得分与对照组比较,干预效应、时间效应及交互效应均P0.01。结论全程综合管理方案通过全面的药物指导、运动指导、心理指导及肺部康复指导,可提升患者对自我疾病管理的积极性,提高患者的家庭氧疗执行情况,降低再住院率及急诊就诊率,提升其生活质量。     

家属健康教育对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者家属健康教育对患者生活质量的影响。方法选择住院的COPD患者62例,随机分为观察组(31例)和对照组(31例),两组患者在接受常规治疗的同时接受健康教育;观察组在此基础上同步实施家属健康教育。在患者入院时及入院后第2周末,分别对两组患者生活质量进行评分。结果第2周时,观察组生活质量评分明显高于入院时和对照组同时段(均P<0.05)。结论对COPD患者和家属同时实施健康教育,有助于提高患者的生活质量。     

护理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生存质量的影响

将56例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者随机分为对照组和观察组各28例。对照组采用常规护理方法,观察 组在此基础上增加护理干预措施,于5周后采用生存质量测评表(QOL)进行评估。结果观察组日常生活能力、社 会活动情况、抑郁心理状况、焦虑心理症状及QOL总分显著优于对照组(均P<0.05)。提出护理干预能改变不良 的生活方式,预防疾病复发,提高COPD患者的生存质量。     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的家庭护理干预

目的提高稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者治疗依从性及生活质量。方法将60例稳定期COPD患者随机分为对照组和干预组各30例，出院前对两组患者发放健康教育资料并进行健康指导，午预组在此基础上，对患者进行戒烟、心理支持、运动训练、营养指导等家庭护理干预。比较两组干预前后患者的临床症状、生活厦量、治疗依从性及肺功能改善情况。结果干预后干预组临床症状及生命质量评分显著低于对照组，而治疗依从性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论家庭护理干预能显著提高稳定期COPD患者对疾病的认识程度，对延缓其肺功能下降和提高生活质量有积极的作用。     

呼吸锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能和生存质量的影响

目的探讨呼吸锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能和生存质量的影响。方法对66例COPD患者 在康复期进行呼吸锻炼,做肌肉松弛训练、缩唇呼吸、用力吸气及四段呼气技术、腹式呼吸、呼吸操等,锻炼6～12 个月,测定患者肺功能,并用生存质量量表(SF 36)进行生存质量测评。结果呼吸锻炼后患者肺功能指标有明显改 善(均P<0.05),生存质量各维度评分与锻炼前比较,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.05)。结论呼吸锻炼有改善肺 功能,提高COPD患者生存质量的作用。     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的家庭护理干预

目的 提高稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者治疗依从性及生活质量.方法 将60例稳定期COPD患者随机分为对照组和干预组各30例,出院前对两组患者发放健康教育资料并进行健康指导,干预组在此基础上,对患者进行戒烟、心理支持、运动训练、营养指导等家庭护理干预.比较两组干预前后患者的临床症状、生活质量、治疗依从性及肺功能改善情况.结果 干预后干预组临床症状及生命质量评分显著低于对照组,而治疗依从性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 家庭护理干预能显著提高稳定期COPD患者对疾病的认识程度,对延缓其肺功能下降和提高生活质量有积极的作用.     

辨证施护对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨辨证施护对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者生活质量的影响.方法 将80例COPD患者按入院奇偶数分为观察组和对照组各40例,对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组在常规护理的基础上根据疾病证型进行辨证施护.采用COPD患者生活质量评定量表评价两组患者的生活质量.结果 干预2个月后两组日常生活、社会活动、抑郁、焦虑及生活质量总均分比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.05).结论 辩证施护能提高COPD患者的生活质量.     

Prevalence of faecal incontinence and analysis of its impact on quality of life and mental health

Aim Faecal incontinence is a significant healthcare problem, with an estimated prevalence of up to 5% of the general population. Little is known about its prevalence among patients attending primary care. Method A cross‐sectional multicentre study was undertaken. Adult patients attending 10 primary health centres were interviewed. Faecal incontinence was defined as involuntary leakage of flatus, liquid or solid stool at least once in the preceding 4 weeks. Health‐related and disease‐specific quality of life was assessed using the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life scale, respectively. Mental health status was assessed using the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire. An adjusted multivariate analysis was performed to study the association of faecal incontinence with the presence of altered mental health status. Results A total of 518 subjects (mean age 60.3 years) were studied. The prevalence of faecal incontinence was 10.8%. Altered mental health status was found in 51.8% of patients with faecal incontinence and in 30.5% of those without (P = 0.001). Faecal incontinence was a significant independent factor for altered mental health status (odds ratio, 2.088; 95% CI 1.138–3.829; P = 0.017). Conclusion The prevalence of faecal incontinence in primary care is high, with a significant impact on quality of life and mental health status.     

The mental health of crime victims: impact of legal intervention

In the aftermath of crime, victims must decide whether to seek justice. An encounter with the legal system offers major potential benefits to crime victims, but also exposes them to significant risks. Victims who file civil or criminal complaints are subject to the rules and procedures of a complex legal system, where their mental health and safety may be of marginal concern, and where the potential for retraumatization may be high. This paper reviews the social and psychological barriers that discourage victim participation in the legal system, and existing studies that document the impact of participation on victims' mental health. Prospective longitudinal research focusing on victims in the legal system is recommended.     

心血管疾病患者生活质量与心理健康状况的相关性研究

目的探讨心血管疾病患者心理健康、生活质量状况以及两者之间的关系,为制定科学的临床干预措施提供依据。方法分别采用生活质量评定简表(SF-36)中文版和症状自评量表(SCL-90)评估121例心血管疾病患者的生活质量水平和心理健康状况,并进行相关性分析。结果患者的SF-36 8个维度中生理机能、躯体疼痛、活力、心理健康4个维度评分显著低于国内常模(均P<0.01),SCL-90因子除强迫、抑郁、精神病性外,其余6个因子评分显著高于国内常模(P<0.05,P<0.01)。患者SF-36部分维度评分与SCL-90部分因子评分呈显著负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论心血管疾病患者的生活质量不高,心理健康欠佳,且两者之间密切相关;护理人员应加强心理护理,尤其通过扎实的生活护理和健康教育,改善患者的心理健康状态,提高患者生活质量。     

Relationship between quality of life and mental health among patients with cardiovascular diseases

目的 探讨心血管疾病患者心理健康、生活质量状况以及两者之问的关系,为制定科学的临床干预措施提供依据.方法 分别采用生活质量评定简表(SF-36)中文版和症状自评量表(SCL-90)评估121例心血管疾病患者的生活质量水平和心理健康状况,并进行相关性分析.结果 患者的SF-36 8个维度中生理机能、躯体疼痛、活力、心理健康4个维度评分显著低于国内常模(均P＜0.01),SCL-90因子除强迫、抑郁、精神病性外,其余6个因子评分显著高于国内常模(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).患者SF-36部分维度评分与SCL-90部分因子评分呈显著负相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 心血管疾病患者的生活质量不高,心理健康欠佳,且两者之间密切相关;护理人员应加强心理护理,尤其通过扎实的生活护理和健康教育,改善患者的心理健康状态,提高患者生活质量.     

心理护理干预对脑梗死患者遵医行为和生存质量的影响

目的:探讨心理护理干预对脑梗死患者遵医行为和生存质量的影响。方法:选择74例脑梗死患者,随机分为心理护理组38例和常规护理组36例。两组患者分别予以常规护理干预和心理干预,追踪观察6个月,比较两组患者治疗前后遵医行为和生存质量的变化。结果:6个月后心理护理组的遵医行为明显高于常规护理组,两组患者治疗前生存质量测评表(QQL)各单项评分及总分比较无明显差异,两组患者的QQL各单项评分及总分均明显下降,其中心理护理组下降幅度较常规护理组更明显。结论:心理护理干预能明显增强脑梗死患者的治疗遵医行为,提高疗效及患者的生存质量。     

系统健康教育对大庆社区COPD稳定期患者知信行及生活质量的影响

目的探讨系统健康教育对大庆地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者知信行水平及生活质量的影响。方法将大庆市社区155例COPD稳定期患者随机分为对照组(77例)和干预组(78例),对照组进行常规社区护理,干预组在对照组的基础上给予系统健康教育4周,随访至6个月。干预前和干预6个月后采用COPD知信行问卷、COPD评估测试问卷(CAT)进行效果评价。结果干预6个月后,干预组知信行总分及各维度得分显著高于对照组,CAT总分及各维度得分显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论系统健康教育可以提高大庆地区COPD稳定期患者知信行水平和生活质量。     

综合护理干预对白血病患者心理及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨临床、家庭护理干预及心理支持等综合措施对白血病患者心理及生活质量的影响。方法:依据生物-心理-社会医学模式有针对性地对100例白血病患者实施为期6个月的包括临床、家庭护理干预及心理支持的综合护理干预措施,采用问卷调查法收集资料,比较干预前后患者心理状况及睡眠质量的变化。结果:患者经综合护理干预措施后抑郁、焦虑情绪以及睡眠质量明显好转,干预前后各量表评分在统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:综合护理干预措施对白血病患者负性心理状况的改善和睡眠质量的提高有积极作用,增加治疗的依从性。     

正念减压疗法对乳腺癌患者心理健康及生存质量影响的系统评价

目的探讨正念减压疗法对乳腺癌患者心理健康和生存质量的影响。方法检索PubMed、SCI、EBSCO、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库及数字化期刊全文数据库等,收集有关对比正念减压疗法和常规护理对乳腺癌患者心理健康及生存质量影响的随机对照试验(RCT)。采用RevMan5.1软件进行统计分析。结果最终纳入4个RCT,包括760例研究对象;2个高质量研究。Meta分析结果显示,与常规护理相比,正念减压疗法可有效改善乳腺癌患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高情感健康(均P0.01);正念减压疗法有助于提高乳腺癌患者的生存质量。结论正念减压疗法在乳腺癌患者不良情绪的管理和生存质量的提高中有积极意义,是一种有效的辅助治疗方法。未来研究应进一步关注正念减压疗法与其他非药物干预措施效果的孰优孰劣。     

Assessment of disease impact in patients with intermittent claudication: discrepancy between health status and quality of life

OBJECTIVE: To describe similarities and differences between health status and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication. METHODS: This was an observational study in the vascular outpatient department of a teaching hospital; it concerned 200 consecutive patients with intermittent claudication. Health status was assessed with the RAND-36, and quality of life was assessed with a reduced version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument-100. Scores were compared with those of sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to detect statistically significant differences ( P < .01) between patients and healthy controls. Pearson correlations were calculated between health status and quality-of-life scores. Differences between correlations were examined by using Fisher z statistics. The upper and lower 10% of quality-of-life scores were compared with the response quartiles of the health status scores. RESULTS: Health status was significantly impaired in all domains. Quality of life was significantly worse with respect to aspects of physical health and level of independence and one global evaluative facets overall quality of life and general health. Quality-of-life assessment with the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument disclosed patient-reported problems that had not been identified in health status. Conversely, patients did not regard all objective functional impairments as a problem. Pearson correlations ranged from 0.20 to 0.74. There were patients with excellent and very poor quality-of-life scores in nearly all the quartiles of the corresponding health status domains. CONCLUSIONS: Health status and quality of life represent different outcomes in patients with intermittent claudication. In addition to functional restrictions as measured in health status, quality of life also permits a personal evaluation of these restrictions. Objective functioning and subjective appraisal of functioning are complementary and not identical. Combining these measures should direct treatment in a way that meets patients' needs.