Cleft lip repair

Summary The method is a modification of that of Millard and involves a small triangular flap on the end of the vermilion ridge. This approach provides continuity of the vermilion ridge, and promotes a natural appearance of the upper part of the philtrum on the cleft side. This surgical technique is applicable for all complete or incomplete unilateral cleft lips.Presented in part at the Second Congress of the Asian Pacific Section of the International Confederation for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo, August 24, 1977     

Cleft lip repair by soft-tissue expansion.

I report herein a newly devised method of cleft lip repair that involves the expansion of cheek skin by tissue expander and transferring the scar from the philtrum to the nasolabial fold, or reducing a broad scar to a finer and less conspicuous one without leaving tension. The method, having been applied in three patients with good results, is thereby recommended for patients with severe cleft lip deformity wherein a tight lip is present.     

唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法

目的为唇裂患者塑造一个正常唇的美好形态。改进现在常用的手术对人中嵴、人中窝和朱缘弓这三个重要美容结构的塑造中的缺欠,使修复后的上唇丰满、松动。方法在鼻小柱裂侧面形成一个矩形瓣,将其与人中一起垂直下降,补充裂侧唇人中的长度不足和保持朱缘弓在下降的正常位。结果 3年来,共用新法修复单侧唇裂23例,双侧唇裂9例,继发唇裂畸形14例。都没有常用方法的缺点。结论唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法是较常用手术更符合整形外科从隐蔽处采取组织来修复组织缺损的原则的新方法,可以取得更好的形态效果。     

唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法

目的　为唇裂患者塑造一个正常唇的美好形态。改进现在常用的手术对人中嵴、人中窝和朱缘弓这三个重要美容结构的塑造中的缺欠，使修复后的上唇丰满、松动。方法　在鼻小柱裂侧面形成一个矩形瓣，将其与人中一起垂直下降，补充裂侧唇人中的长度不足和保持朱缘弓在下降的正常位。结果　３ 年来，共用新法修复单侧唇裂２３ 例，双侧唇裂９ 例，继发唇裂畸形１４ 例。都没有常用方法的缺点。结论　唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法是较常用手术更符合整形外科从隐蔽处采取组织来修复组织缺损的原则的新方法，可以取得更好的形态效果。     

鼻前庭矩形瓣法单侧唇裂修复术

目的：探讨鼻前庭矩形瓣法修复单侧唇裂的临床可行性，评价该方法的优越性。方法：应用遵循整形外科原则的鼻前庭矩形瓣法对80例单侧唇裂患者行立体三维修复。术后对外观及功能进行评价。结果：所有病例均Ⅰ期愈合。随访6个月～3年，除3例患儿红唇唇珠欠丰满，2例患侧鼻翼扁塌，2例切口有轻微瘢痕增长外，其余病例静态、动态效果良好。所有病例患侧唇峰均下降充分，两侧唇峰对称，人中形态好，人中嵴的形态接近正常。修复后的上唇更为丰满、松动，红唇丰满，唇珠明显。结论：应用鼻前庭矩形瓣法进行单侧唇裂的立体三维修复，符合整形外科原则，且不牺牲人中部位的组织及破坏了人中嵴、人中窝等重要美容结构。手术效果良好，值得推广应用。     

唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法

为唇裂患者塑造一个正常唇的美好形态,改进现在常用的手术对人中嵴,人中窝和朱缘弓这三种个重要美容结构的塑造中的缺欠,使修复后的嘎满,松动。方法在鼻小柱裂面形成一个矩形瓣,将其与人中一起垂直下降,被充裂侧唇人中的长度不 和保持朱缘弓在下降的正常位。     

Cleft lip in the Talmud

The authors address the problem of why the cleft lip anomalad is not mentioned even once in the Talmud, which contains detailed reports of numerous other forms of pathology and congenital anomalies. It also attempts to define the Sandal deformity, one of the most common congenital anomalies mentioned in the Talmud. It is assumed that cleft lip, the most common major facial defect, existed at the time of the Talmud. It is proposed that the Sandal deformity was actually made up of a number of entities grouped together because of a theorized common etiology, and that the cleft lip entity is included in the Sandal anomalad. This deformity, in its various forms, included, besides cleft lip, aborted tissue and products of gestation. They are all related to the common etiology of a twin gestation during which one fetus presses against the other causing the deformity. The Sandal was noted to look like the Sandal fish or sole, for which it is named. When photos of the Sandal fish and the cleft lip deformity are compared, a similarity is seen. In addition, this deformity apparently was thought to be fatal, and none of these babies survived. It is theorized that cleft lip babies were allowed to die because they were considered nonviable in the eyes of Jewish law. Supporting evidence for the ideas presented by the authors is derived from the talmudic texts and commentaries. If the Sandal does indeed include the cleft lip entity, the citation in the Mishnah (70-200 AD) makes it the earliest historical reference to the cleft lip deformity.     

Cleft lip nose surgery

On the basis of over 3,600 cases the surgical repair of primary and secondary nose deformities in cleft patients is discussed. The value of the modified Millard method in the management of unilateral nose deformities and the author's own approach to primary columella elongation in bilateral cleft are presented. The various methods of secondary rhinoplasties in typical and rare clefts are also discussed on the basis of numerous examples.     

Cleft lip and palate repair: the experience from two West African sub-regional centres.

Compliance with primary surgical treatment in people with cleft lip and palate is a well-known problem, especially in developing countries fraught with poverty and ignorance. Different protocols of treatment exist. In this paper, we retrospectively review a cohort from two centres, with a discussion on the outcome and its implications. The records of all patients with cleft lip and palate seen in the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, from January 1993 to December 1999, were sought, and all available case notes reviewed retrospectively. This included new cases seen in the period, and also cases operated during this period. Follow up took place until January 2005, when the data were collated. The records of all such patients seen at Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital Osogbo, Nigeria, from September 2004 to June 2006 were also collated and analysed. During this period, 102 patients were seen (93 at Enugu and nine at Osogbo). Fifteen had isolated cleft palate, 42 had isolated cleft lip and 45 had combined cleft lip and palate. Presentation time ranged from 1 day to 43 years. The palate was not repaired in 20 people after lip repair; two patients with cleft lip and palate completely defaulted; and only one person with isolated cleft palate failed to undergo surgery in this period. Two patients in Osogbo absconded. The West African sub-region has a high drop out rate after lip repair.     

Cleft earlobe repair

This is a retrospective study of 9 patients who underwent a total of 11 repairs for cleft earlobe. Two repairs were performed using the simple technique, and 9 were repaired using the L-plasty technique. The mean follow-up was 5.5 months (range, 2-18 months). Both of the simple repairs were judged to have moderate notching along the inferior lobular border, and 1 of the 9 L-plasty repairs was judged to have a slight notching. There were no complications. We believe that the L-plasty technique offers a better cosmetic result in the repair of the cleft earlobe. This technique breaks the vertical component of scar contracture, resulting in a smooth lobular border. In addition, a variation on this technique allows for a simultaneous reduction of the lobule when indicated.