共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Sameh Attia Jörg Wiltfang Philipp Streckbein Jan-Falco Wilbrand Thaqif El Khassawna Katharina Mausbach Hans-Peter Howaldt Heidrun Schaaf 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2019,47(5):786-791
Purpose
Microvascular fibula flap surgery is a reliable and effective procedure for reconstructing the jaws after tumour surgery. This procedure allows the placement of dental implants after bone consolidation. This study was designed to evaluate the oral, functional, and aesthetic rehabilitation of tumour patients with immediate fibula transfer and dental implants and included assessment of diet, speech, and aesthetics.Materials and methods
The study included 34 patients who underwent ablative tumour surgery and immediate jaw reconstruction using a fibula free flap with consecutive rehabilitation by dental implants. In total, 134 implants were inserted into the transferred fibula. The functional and aesthetic results were assessed using a questionnaire. Implant loss and oral excursion were compared with diet type, speech ability, functionality, and patient satisfaction.Results
Of the 34 patients included in this study, 33 completed the questionnaire. Twenty-six patients (76%) could eat normally without the limitation of a hard or soft diet, 73% could speak intelligibly, and 31 rated the aesthetic result from good to excellent.Conclusion
The fibula flap with the early application of endosseous implants allowed primary immediate reconstruction of the jaw, significantly leading to functional and aesthetic satisfaction in patients who underwent ablative tumour surgery. 相似文献2.
Jochen Weitz Klaus-Dietrich Wolff Marco Rainer Kesting Christopher-Philipp Nobis 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(11):1975-1978
Introduction
The authors developed a semi-standardised resection and cutting guide for mandibular reconstruction with free fibula flap based on data of mandible sizes and angles.Methods
After analyzing the angles and lengths of mandibular angles and segments on computer tomography, a partly-adjustable resection guide for the mandible and cutting guide for the fibula were designed.Results
After testing and optimizing the guides on plastic models and cadavers, the guides were successfully used for mandible resection and reconstruction with free fibula flap in 8 patients with segmental mandibulectomy. Application of the cutting and resection guides and functional results like occlusion and aesthetic appearence were satisfactory in all cases.Conclusions
The developed semi-standardised device is a helpful instrument for facilitating reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects with free fibula flaps. No extensive preoperative preparation and 3D printing is necessary which can avoid additional costs for virtual planning. Especially for lower budget health systems this can be an alternative to virtual planning. 相似文献3.
Lara Valentina Comini Giuseppe Spinelli Giuditta Mannelli 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(12):2127-2137
Purpose
Local flaps are currently considered the main reconstructive option for medium-size oral and peri-oral defects; however, their indications are sometimes challenging to select. The aim of this study was to critically analyse their selection and to propose a therapeutic algorithm.Materials and methods
We performed a search on PubMed regarding the medium-size oral and peri-oral defects reconstruction, and we collected data on the aetiology, the location of the defect, the type of flap used and postoperative complications. The final proposed treatment algorithm was the product of this analysis.Results
We found 111 articles and 2504 flaps (236 buccinator flaps, 60 masseter flaps, 466 facial artery myomucosal flaps, 285 tongue flaps, 95 palatal flap, 525 buccal fat pad flaps and 835 local lip flaps). The most frequent defect localizations included floor of mouth (203 flaps), cheek (242 flaps), anterior hard palate (418 flaps) and upper and lower lip (274 and 559 flaps). Partial flap necrosis and dehiscence occurred in 3% of cases whereas total necrosis in 1%.Conclusions
Local flaps are a good option for oral and perioral defect reconstruction. An appropriate choice of the flap to be used based on the location of the defect is essential for a correct reconstruction. 相似文献4.
Samer George Hakim Ali Shakery Tehrany Robert Wendlandt Hans-Christian Jacobsen Thomas Trenkle Peter Sieg 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(11):1939-1942
Purpose
The fibula flap has been established for orofacial reconstruction following ablative surgery. Donor-site morbidity of the lower leg may be explained by the harvest technique and particularly by detachment of the M. extensor halluces longus (EHL) and M. extensor digitorum longus (EDL).Material and methods
On cadaveric lower leg specimens, the tendons of the EHL and EDL were dissected at the proximal phalanges and loaded with corresponding weights. The average displacement of the muscle was evaluated during the harvesting procedure.Results
Cumulative detachment of the interosseous membrane caused considerable displacement of the EHL but less impairment of the EDL. Segmental and cumulative osteotomy of the fibula implicated significant displacement of both EHL and EDL.Conclusion
A recommendation can be given for cautious selection of osteotomy site of the fibula and for limited sacrifice of the fibula and adjacent attachments of the extensors to keep local-site morbidity at a minimum. 相似文献5.
Matthias Zirk Artjom Zalesski Franziska Peters Timo Dreiseidler Johannes Buller Matthias Kreppel Joachim E. Zöller Max Zinser 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(9):1669-1673
Purpose
In the field of reconstructive head and neck surgery, surgical site infections (SSI) are commonly investigated for the recipient site of various reconstructive procedures. Data about SSI of the donor site of different flaps raised for reconstruction are rare.Material and Methods
With regard to the bacterial donor site infections, we retrospectively investigated the medical data, surgical reports and wound management protocols of 267 patients who received reconstruction of the head and neck after ablative surgery. All patients underwent reconstruction with one of the following flaps: free fasciocutaneous radial forearm flap (RFFF), free fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap (ALTFF), pedicled myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap (PLDF), pedicled myocutaneous pectoralis major flap (PPMF), free osteocutaneous fibula flap (FFF). Follow-up was conducted for 12 months.Results
The lowest detection ratio (DR: number of infected sites/flaps raised from the respective donor site) was calculated for the radial forearm, 0.087. Pedicled flaps presented a moderate DR (PLDF: 0.27, PMMF:0.35). Donor sites of the leg possessed the highest DR (ALTFF:0.61, FFF: 045). Mainly gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria (n = 41) were detected and gram-negative bacteria (aerobe/anaerobe) were present in 27 cases. The most frequently detected bacteria were Staphylococcus spp., Viridans Streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escheria coli. Continuous wound management for in-hospital patients was able to prevent any local spreading or a prolonged length of in-hospital stay.Conclusion
Overall, gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus spp., are the predominant bacteria detected in donor site wounds. For wound care management, an infection with gram-negative pathogens should not be neglected. 相似文献6.
Yarah M. Haidar Sartaaj Walia Tjoson Tjoa Edward C. Kuan Julie A. Goddard 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(12):2120-2126
Purpose
In the field of head and neck microvascular surgery, there are currently no clear, universally accepted recommendations on the intraoperative, preoperative, and postoperative management of these patients.Materials and methods
A 23-question cross-sectional survey was distributed to otolaryngologists who perform microvascular reconstruction. Information about practice setting, fellowship training background, intraoperative practice, postoperative practice, and surgical complications were analyzed.Results
Complete survey responses were received from 102 (32.8% response rate) of surveyed otolaryngologists who perform microvascular surgery. A great degree of variability was noted in intraoperative and postoperative care of free flap patients. Overall, self-reported free flap survival-rates were relatively high, despite the variability in practice, with the majority of surgeons (74%) reporting flap survival rate of 96–100%. Complication rates requiring return to the operating room were low; all respondents reported <20% overall complications with <10% re-operation rates due to vascular complications.Conclusion
An increasing number of microvascular-trained otolaryngologists are performing free flaps. Self-reported free flap survival rates are high and complication rates are low, despite significant variability in intraoperative and postoperative practices among otolaryngologists performing microvascular flap reconstruction. By identifying these differences among surgeons, we hope to provide the impetus for further academic dialog and prospective trials. 相似文献7.
Sang-Ha Oh Hyeokjae Kwon Sun Je Kim Hyunwoo Kyung Young Joon Seo Dae Hyun Lew Seung Han Song 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(6):1032-1036
Background
Skin texture and color are important considerations during the reconstruction of facial defects, and anatomical borders should be preserved. Therefore, a local flap is a better option. In these cases, the authors repaired facial defects using a bilateral interdigitated VY flap.Objective
We aim to present a modified bilateral Pacman flap technique for the reconstruction of round and oval facial defects.Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of 25 patients (26 cases) who underwent bilateral interdigitated Pacman flap repair of round and oval facial defects after Mohs surgery for skin cancer from January 2012 to December 2017. The defect sizes ranged from 0.7 to 8.4 cm2 (mean 3.1 cm2).Results
All defects were covered successfully and the flaps survived in all cases. One patient had partial flap necrosis that resolved spontaneously. No flap contraction, distortion, or severe scar formation was observed in any patient during the 12-month follow-up period.Conclusion
The bilateral interdigitated Pacman flap can cover round and oval facial defects without distortion or central dog-ear deformity. This method is a useful option for facial restoration in selected cases. 相似文献8.
Yi-Fang Huang Chung-Ta Chang Chih-Hsin Muo Hsiang-Hsi Hong Yu-Fu Shen Chia-Chang Lin Shih-Ping Liu 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(11):1979-1983
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate how the physical variables of fibular reconstructed mandibles with dental implants affects the relative bite force in oral cancer patients.Materials and methods
Over 7 years of follow-up, 13 oral cancer patients were enrolled who included 51 successful implants in the fibular flap. The tactile sensor analyzer evaluated the bite force. The crown-implant ratio, fibular, and rehabilitated dental length were measured using radiographic images. Linear regression was used to analyze the bite force related to the variables of the implants in the fibular reconstructed mandible.Results
Even when the results showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05), increasing the crown-implant ratio, length of the fibular flap, and implant prosthetic reconstructed dentition had a tendency to decrease the bite force (estimate from ?0.08% to ?4.27%); there was a positive trend of occlusal force and the length of rehabilitative dentition compared with the dental antagonist (estimate = 6.95).Conclusion
In this study, the crown-implant ratio, implant dentition, and fibular flap length revealed no significant impact on the bite force or implant success in oral cancer patients; however, a trend to weaken the bite force was suggested once the numerical values of these variables increased. 相似文献9.
Statement of problem
Dental implants can be essential in the rehabilitation of various cancer defects, but their ideal placement can be complicated by the limited dimensions of the available host bone. Surgical interventions developed to increase the amount of bone are not all predictable or successful and can sometimes be contraindicated. Short dental implants have been suggested as an alternative option in sites where longer implants are not possible. Whether they provide a successful treatment option is unclear.Purpose
The purpose of this study was to review the literature on short dental implants and assess whether they are a viable definitive treatment option for rehabilitating cancer patients with deficient bone.Material and methods
A scoping review of the literature was performed, including a search of established periodontal textbooks for articles on short dental implants combined with a search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. A search for all literature published before June 2016 was based on the following keywords: [‘dental implants’ OR ‘dental implantation, endosseous’ OR ‘dental prosthesis, implant supported’] AND [short].Results
The minimum acceptable implant length has been considered to be 6 mm. The survival rates of short implants varied between 74% and 96% at 5 years, depending on factors such as the quality of the patient’s bone, primary stability of the implant, clinician’s learning curve, and implant surface. Short implants can achieve results similar to those of longer implants in augmented bone and offer a treatment alternative that could reduce the need for invasive surgery and associated morbidity and be safer and more economical.Conclusions
Short dental implants (6 mm to 8 mm) can be used successfully to support single or multiple fixed reconstructions or overdentures in atrophic maxillae and mandibles. The use of short dental implants lessens the need for advanced and complicated surgical bone augmentation procedures, which reduces complications, costs, treatment time, and morbidity. Short implants could be an alternative in the rehabilitation of patients with cancer. 相似文献10.
Sezgi Cinel Ersan Celik Elcin Sagirkaya Onur Sahin 《The Journal of prosthetic dentistry》2018,119(3):417-425
Statement of problem
Narrow diameter implants were developed to allow placement in narrow alveolar ridges. Clinicians may have concerns about the durability and function of such implants.Purpose
The purpose of this finite element study was to compare the stress values occurring on the implant and at the implant bone interface after the application of the static and dynamic forces on narrow diameter, titanium and titanium-zirconia implants in the maxillary and mandibular second premolar region.Material and methods
Titanium (Ti) and titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) narrow diameter implants (3.3 mm in diameter, 10 mm in length) were simulated in the maxillary and mandibular second premolar region, and metal-ceramic crown restorations were designed. Forces of 100 N were applied to crowns in a vertical and oblique (45-degree angle to the long axis) direction. Maximum and minimum principal stresses in the cortical and trabecular bone and the von Mises stresses and fatigue strength of the implants were evaluated with 3-dimensional finite element analysis.Results
In vertical and oblique static loading, Ti and Ti-Zr implants showed similar stress distribution within the same jaw models. However, the von Mises stresses in Ti-Zr implants were slightly higher than for Ti implants in all models. In oblique static and dynamic loading, all stresses were found higher than vertical loading, and fatigue failure results were found to be more critical than vertical forces.Conclusions
Based on a numerical simulation, Ti and Ti-Zr alloys can be used successfully as narrow diameter implants in the second premolar area. 相似文献11.
Francine Baldin Able Ivete Aparecida de Mattias Sartori Geninho Thomé Ana Cláudia Moreira Melo 《The Journal of prosthetic dentistry》2018,119(1):60-66
Statement of problem
Mandibular fixed complete-arch dental prostheses on dental implants have been benefiting patients for a long time, but problems with passive fitting between the metallic framework of the prostheses and the implants might influence its long-term success.Purpose
The purpose of this cross-sectional study of immediately loaded mandibular fixed complete-arch dental prostheses was to evaluate the survival and success rates of prostheses, the survival rates of dental implants, the occurrence of complications in the prostheses and implants, participant satisfaction, and the association between cantilever length and prosthesis complications.Material and methods
Data were collected from the participants’ records. The exposure variables were participant related (sex and age) and treatment related (number of implants and length of cantilever). The outcome variables were the survival and success of the prostheses and implants, complications, and participant satisfaction. The Fisher or chi-square tests was used for the association between 2 qualitative variables (α=.05).Results
Two hundred ninety consecutive participants (1429 implants) with a mean follow-up time of 4.4 years were included. The survival rate for the prostheses was 98.6 and the success rate was 96.6%. The implant survival rate was 99.6%. Sixty-seven participants experienced a prosthetic complication, the most common being tooth fracture. Only 2.45% (n=35) of the implants were associated with screw loosening. Of the total number of participants, 86.9% were completely satisfied with their treatment. The length of the cantilever (up to 25 mm) was not associated with complications (P>.05).Conclusions
Implant-supported mandibular fixed complete-arch dental prostheses fabricated with a passive fit technique provide successful treatment for patients with edentulism. The success and survival rates of implants and prostheses were high. Only straightforward complications were observed. Cantilever length was not associated with complications. 相似文献12.
13.
Pei-Pei Zhang Li Meng Jun Shen Hao Liu Jun Zhang Xu Xiang Ying-Bin Yan 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(12):2157-2163
Objectives
The purpose of the retrospective study was to compare the differences of quality of life (QOL) outcomes 2 or more years postoperatively between the free radial forearm flap (FRFF) and anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) in reconstruction of defects of a hemiglossectomy.Methods
Ninety patients who had a lapse ≥2 years since the reconstructive flap surgery were evaluated by the University of Washington quality of life scale (UW-QOL), and Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck (PSS-HN).Results
Patients in the FRFF group reported statistically and clinically significantly better scores in the recreation, swallowing, chewing and speech domains of the UW-QOL compared with those in the ALTF group (P < .05). Similarly, FRFF provided better results in the understandability of speech and normalcy of diet of the PSS-HN, than the ALTF (P < .05).Conclusions
FRFF had the advantage of oral functions, such as chewing, speech and swallowing, over the ALTF for reconstruction of defect of half of the tongue. These results may provide useful information for surgeons to select a suitable free flap for tongue reconstruction. 相似文献14.
Niklas Rommel Marco Rainer Kesting Nils Hagen Rohleder Klaus-Dietrich Wolff Jochen Weitz 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(1):148-154
Purpose
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws represents one of the most severe complications after primary or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) of large head and neck tumors. In advanced ORN cases, surgical management is generally considered the therapy of choice. However, in several severe ORN patients with extensive bone and soft tissue defects, functional and aesthetic reconstruction represents a huge challenge for any surgeon, with an increased risk of post-operative wound healing disorders. Our aim here was to perform a double free flap technique as a therapeutic option in this difficult patient collective and to evaluate the post-operative outcome.Materials and methods
15 patients with advanced and severe ORN undergoing mandibular and soft tissue reconstruction with a double free flap were retrospectively reviewed. In one single operation involving a three-team approach, an obligatory free fibular flap (FFF) was freely combined with another free flap according to the desired features: anterolateral thigh (ALT) or vastus lateralis flap (VLF), radial forearm flap (RFF) and latissimus dorsi flap (LDF).Results
We found sufficient wound healing in the head and neck region in all patients with no need for any additional surgical intervention. The overall flap success rate was 93.3%, although three revisions of anastomosis were necessary. Furthermore, prolonged stay on the intensive care unit (ICU) and extended hospitalisation were avoided.Conclusion
The double free flap technique with an obligatory FFF provides a suitable surgical solution for the treatment of patients with severe ORN of the mandibular bone for which other conservative or surgical therapy strategies have reached their limits. 相似文献15.
Elika Madani Ralf Smeets Eric Freiwald Maryam Setareh Sanj Ole Jung Daniel Grubeanu Henning Hanken Anders Henningsen 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(7):1139-1146
Purpose
The preservation of peri-implant bone is one requirement for long-term success of dental implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of subcrestal placement on the crestal bone level of immediate versus delayed placed implants after loading.Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, data of 159 patients who received 330 implants was analyzed. Implants were placed subcrestally, crestally or supracrestally into fresh sockets or healed sites. Vertical bone level height was assessed radiographically and implants were followed up annually. The influence of patient and implant related risk factors for peri-implant bone loss was evaluated using a linear mixed model.Results
Depth of implant placement was significantly correlated with peri-implant bone loss (P = 0.001, 95% CI). Least effective loss of crestal bone was determined when implants were placed between 1 mm and 1.99 mm subcrestally. Smoking significantly enhanced the risk of peri-implant bone loss (P = 0.04, 95% CI). Immediate implant placement was not positively correlated with peri-implant bone loss (P = 0.51, 95% CI).Conclusion
Within the limits of this study, implant placement 1.08 mm subcrestally may be recommendable in order to avoid supracrestal expositions of platform-switched titanium implants over time. 相似文献16.
Victor Lousan do Nascimento Poubel Carolina Amália Barcellos Silva Luis André Mendonça Mezzomo Graziela De Luca Canto Elena Riet Correa Rivero 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(2):245-256
Purpose
There is much concern about the increasing number of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), and many studies have been published in an attempt to understand the pathophysiology of this condition. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on MRONJ arising in rodents under antiresorptive drug therapy after tooth extraction.Methods
A search of electronic databases, including LILACS, PROQUEST, PubMed, SCOPUS, and the Web of Science.Results
The search resulted in 2319 titles after removing the duplicates, and one paper was identified using the reference list. Ninety-eight full-text papers were then screened for eligibility, resulting in 20 for inclusion in the final qualitative synthesis. The quality of the articles was assessed using the ‘ARRIVE’ tool.Conclusion
Despite the wide heterogeneity of the methodologies used by the authors, the current available evidence suggests that the combination of bisphosphonate and/or denosumab therapy and tooth extraction is associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw in rodents. 相似文献17.
Sarina E.C. Pichardo Frans Willem ten Broek J.P. Richard van Merkesteyn 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(8):1241-1246
Purpose
The treatment of pathologic fractures in stage III medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) remains challenging. The treatment in the literature is controversial, varying from extensive and aggressive surgery with resections and musculocutaneous free flap reconstruction to conservative treatment with only mouth rinses and/or antimicrobial treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the results of the treatment protocol in the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands.Materials and methods
Between 2003 and 2017, a total of 15 consecutive patients were seen with pathologic fractures in stage III MRONJ. Patient characteristics and treatment were studied.Results
Seven patients were dentate, and were all surgically treated according to protocol, with 3 additionally undergoing intermaxillary fixation. Eight patients were edentulous of whom 6 were surgically treated: 2 with osteosynthesis and the rest with a soft diet post-operatively for several weeks. One patient showed healing in a later stage and was not treated. Two patients were treated with antimicrobial treatment and a soft diet. Eleven patients (73%) showed complete healing of the fracture or a pseudarthrosis and were free of complaints and able to function.Conclusion
These results show that a relatively simple (surgical and/or antimicrobial) approach, combined with intermaxillary fixation on occasion, can lead to consolidation and/or a pseudarthrosis with a remaining and acceptable function of the jaw. 相似文献18.
Niels Christian Pausch Christoph Paul Kuhnt Dirk Halama 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(10):1843-1849
Introduction
For treatment of lagophthalmos, metallic weight implants can be inserted in the upper eyelid to aid eyelid closure. Rigid and flexible implants are available. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of implant type and patient variables on the survival of lid load implants.Materials and methods
Forty-four patients with lagophthalmos were recruited to undergo upper-eyelid weight implantation. The predictor variable was type of implant inserted (rigid or flexible). The outcome variable was survival of the inserted implant (survival or extrusion). Other study variables were demographic data (age, gender), implant features (material, weight), and other conditions, such as history of radiation. An NMLE test was used to compare implant survival, depending on implant type (flexible versus rigid). Other variables were analysed by use of a χ2 test.Results
Forty-four participants were recruited, 29 female (65.9%) and 15 male (34.1%). Forty-six implants (23 rigid implants, 50.0%; 23 flexible implants, 50.0%) were inserted (bilateral implantation in two patients). The average weight of implants used was 1.76 g (range 1.4–2.2 g). One to two years after surgery, average vertical aperture (eyelid gap) for the closed eye was 0.65 mm (range 0–4 mm). Incidence of extrusion was 15.2% (one in the rigid implant group, 2.2%; six in the flexible implant group, 13.0%). Incidence of extrusion was significantly higher for flexible implants than for rigid implants (p = 0.0273).Conclusions
The study results suggest that flexible implants are more likely to perforate the skin. The assumed advantages of the expensive chain lid weight must, therefore, be re-evaluated. 相似文献19.
Marcello Augello Cyrill Baetscher Mireille Segesser Hans-Florian Zeilhofer Philippe Cattin Philipp Juergens 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(10):1850-1855
Objective
Aim of the study was to prove the safety, accuracy characteristics of contact-free laser osteotomy executed with the cold ablation and robot-guided Er:YAG laser osteotome in a human cadaver test.Material and methods
On six human cadavers mandible resections with a swallowtail like pattern were performed with the laser system on each side. The defects were reconstructed with a fibula graft of identical design and enlarged by 0.2 units. Mandibles and fibulas width as well surgery times were recorded. Additionally a Le Fort I and median mandible split were done. Macroscopically, the bone margins were examined for necrosis.Results
Laser osteotomies of the mandible up to a depth of 23 mm were possible without any thermal damage. Repeatability and precision of the system could be easily assessed. With the navigation system precise control of localization was achievable. Mean surgery time for the mandible resection was 13.32 min and for the fibula osteotomy 12.38 min.Conclusion
The simply transmission of a cold ablation and robot-guided laser osteotome in an operation room identical environment for surgical interventions could be demonstrated. Precise osteotomy patterns with freedom in the design and carbonisation-free cut surfaces have been shown. 相似文献20.
Olavo B. de Oliveira-Neto Fabiano Timbó Barbosa Célio Fernando de Sousa-Rodrigues Fernando José C. de Lima 《The Journal of prosthetic dentistry》2017,117(5):601-605