金桂花中的一个新单萜化合物

为了解和掌握金桂花中的化学成分,并为其开发利用奠定基础,对金桂干花进行了化学成分研究。金桂干花的95%乙醇提取物,经硅胶、聚酰胺和反相制备高效液相等色谱方法分离纯化,得到了1个新单萜类化合物以及7个已知单萜、降倍半萜和苯乙醇类化合物。其化学结构经高分辨质谱、一维核磁共振(~1H、¹³C NMR和DEPT)、二维核磁共振(HSQC、HMBC、~1H-~1H COSY和NOESY)、红外光谱以及紫外光谱等波谱技术,并结合其理化性质确定为:(R,E)-2-(5-亚乙基-2-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)丙烯酸甲酯[methyl (R,E)-2-(5-ethylidene-2-oxotetrahydro-2Hpyran-4-yl) acrylate, 1]、(R,E)-2,6-二甲基-辛-3,7-二烯-2,6-二醇(2)、(6R)-2,6-二甲基-辛-7-烯-2,3,6-三醇(3)、2,4,4-三甲基-3-(3-氧代丁基)-环己-2-烯-1-酮(4)、(S)-2,4,4-三甲基-3-(3-羟基丁基)-环己-2-烯-1-酮(5)、(R,E)-2,4,4-三甲基-3-(3-羟...     

(E)-3-苯基丙烯酸衍生物的合成及抗炎活性考察

目的设计合成(E)-3-苯基丙烯酸衍生物,寻找具有较强抗炎活性的化合物。方法对先导化合物(E)-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(3-苯基)丙烯酰氧基]苯基丙烯酸(1)进行结构修饰,将其分别与脂肪(环)醇、芳香醇、芳杂环醇成酯,与脂肪(环)胺、芳香胺、芳杂环胺成酰胺;以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型考察不同类型的酯和酰胺的抗炎活性。结果合成了8个未见文献报道的(E)-3-苯基丙烯酸衍生物,经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱确证其结构;目标化合物3a、3b、3c具有一定的抗炎活性,抑制率分别为31.3%、40.3%、31.7%。结论所设计的合成方法可应用于较大分子酯类和酰胺类的合成;在本实验条件下,(E)-3-苯基丙烯酰胺类目标化合物3a、3b、3c具有抗炎作用,高于先导化合物1,(E)-3-苯基丙烯酸酯类目标化合物几乎无抗炎活性。     

7,8-二氟-6,11-二苯并[b,e]硫杂艹卓-11-醇的合成工艺研究

目的优化巴洛沙韦酯的关键中间体7,8-二氟-6,11-二苯并[b,e]硫杂艹卓-11-醇的合成工艺。方法以3,4-二氟-2-甲基苯甲酸为原料,经酯化、溴代、取代、水解、环合、还原反应得到7,8-二氟-6,11-二苯并[b,e]硫杂艹卓-11-醇。结果与结论目标产物的结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证,总收率为60.93%(以3,4-二氟-2-甲基苯甲酸计),纯度为99.52%(HPLC法)。该工艺具备原料易得、操作简便、反应条件温和、生产成本低等优点,更具应用价值。     

N,N-二(3,4-二羟基肉桂酰基)-1,2-乙二胺的合成

目的　化学合成N,N 二(3,4 -二羟基肉桂酰基) 1,2 乙二胺。方法　以咖啡酸为起始原料,经过酰化、酯化、水解等反应进行合成。结果与结论　目标产物的结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱得到确证。     

前列腺癌显像剂~(18)F-8-乙氧基-2-(4-氟苯基)-3-硝基-2H-色烯的合成

目的制备前列腺癌显像剂~(18)F-8-乙氧基-2-(4-氟苯基)-3-硝基-2H-色烯的前体8-乙氧基-2-(4-N,N,N-三甲基氨基苯基)-3-硝基-2H-色烯季胺三氟甲磺酸盐;用前体和放射性核素~(18)F合成~(18)F-8-乙氧基-2-(4-氟苯基)-3-硝基-2H-色烯。方法以2-羟基-1-乙氧基-3-醛基苯为起始原料,经烯化、环化、磺化、成盐反应得到标记前体8-乙氧基-2-(4-N,N,N-三甲基氨基苯基)-3-硝基-2H-色烯季胺三氟甲磺酸盐;然后与放射性核素~(18)F经亲核氟代反应,得到~(18)F-8-乙氧基-2-(4-氟苯基)-3-硝基-2H-色烯。标记前体8-乙氧基-2-(4-N,N,N-三甲基氨基苯基)-3-硝基-2H-色烯季胺三氟甲磺酸盐及各步反应中间体的结构均经核磁共振谱和质谱确证。结果与结论成功合成前列腺癌诊断显影剂~(18)F-8-乙氧基-2-(4-氟苯基)-3-硝基-2H-色烯,标记率为(25.8±2.6)%(n=5,未经衰减校正),TLC测定其放化纯度(RCP)为97.5%,为进一步临床研究奠定了基础。     

2,2-双取代-4,6-二氨基-1,2-二氢-1-羟基-s-三嗪类化合物的合成研究

目的 对三嗪类化合物进行合成研究。方法 以盐酸羟胺和苯甲酰氯为原料，经酰化、烃化、水解、缩合、环合及脱苄反应合成目的物。结果和结论 共合成了9个2，2-双取代-4，6-二氨基-l，2-二氢-l-羟基-s-三嗪类化合物(11-i)，结构经元素分析、红外吸收光谱、核磁共振氢谱及质谱确证。     

二色补血草挥发油成分气相-质谱联用分析

目的分析二色补血草挥发油成分。方法水蒸气蒸馏法提取二色补血草中挥发油,用气相-质谱联用(GC-MS)对挥发油成分进行分析。结果初步鉴定了11个组分,并确定了其相对含量。结论二色补血草挥发油主要成分有:N,N-二苯肼基-甲酰胺(1)、7-二甲基-3,5-辛烯-1-醇(2)、1,3-二环己基-1-丁烯(3)、1-乙酰氧基-3,7-二甲基-6,11-十二烯(4)、2-羟基-1,4,4-三甲基-二环[3,1,0]己烷-6-羟甲基(5)、十六(烷)酸(6)、9-十八(碳)炔酸(7)、油酸(十八碳烯酸)(8)、9-十六碳烯酸(9)、十八酸(硬脂酸)(10)、芥(子)酸(11)。     

3-溴-4,7-二甲基-6-磺酰脲香豆素类化合物的合成及降糖活性的研究

目的 合成新的3-溴-4,7-二甲基-6-磺酰脲香豆素类化合物,并初步筛选其降糖活性.方法 运用拼合原理,以具有降血糖活性的香豆素为母环,在结构中引入溴和磺酰脲基团并测定目标化合物对小鼠的降血糖效果.合成方法是以间甲酚为原料,通过Pechmann缩合反应得到4,7-二甲基香豆素,经溴加成、脱溴化氢、氯磺化得磺酰氯,再经氨化得磺胺,最后与异氰酸酯反应得目标化合物.结果 合成了12个3-溴-4,7-二甲基-6-磺酰脲香豆素类化合物(BMSU-1～BMSU-12),其结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱确证.结论 初步药理实验表明:目标化合物BMSU-3、BMSU-10、BMSU-12对正常小鼠都有明显的降血糖作用(P<0.01).     

花椒果皮中化学成分的研究

目的 研究花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim果皮的化学成分.方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、薄层色谱、半制备HPLC等方法分离纯化花椒果皮中的各成分,通过多种波谱分析方法鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从花椒果皮的乙酸乙酯提取液中分离得到11个化合物:7-甲氧基香豆素(Ⅰ)、反-7-羟基-3,7-二甲基-1,5-辛二烯-3-醇-乙酸酯(Ⅱ)、对羟基苯丙烯酸甲酯(Ⅲ)、diplofuranone A(Ⅳ)、lanyulactone(Ⅴ)、花椒油素(Ⅵ)、hydroxylycopersene(Ⅶ)、(10RS,11RS)-(2E,6Z,8E)-10,11-dihydroxy-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2,6,8-dodecatrienam-Ide(Ⅷ)、6,11-dihydroxy-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2,7,9-dodecatrienamide(Ⅸ)、羟基-β-山椒素(X)和羟基-γ-山椒素(Ⅺ).结论 化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

4-甲基-香豆素及4-甲基喹啉-2(1H)-酮的7位羟基、巯基与炔丙基卤代物的不同反应性

目的合成具有抗HIV活性的三环杂环化合物的关键中间体.方法 7-羟基-4-甲基-香豆素、7-羟基-4-甲基喹啉-2(1H)-酮、7-巯基-4-甲基-香豆素分别与3-氯-3-甲基-1-丁炔、3-溴丙炔反应得到相应产物,其结构经波谱确证.结果 4-甲基-香豆素的7位羟基发生正常的双分子亲核取代反应(SN2),得到炔丙基醚产物4、7和10,进一步热环合得到三环杂环化合物5、8和11;7-巯基-4-甲基-香豆素、7-巯基-4-甲基喹啉-2(1H)-酮与3-氯-3-甲基-1-丁炔反应分别得丙二烯醚双分子亲核取代反应(SN2′)产物聚集双键硫醚化合物12和14,且不能进一步热环合成三环杂环.结论 4-甲基-香豆素及4-甲基喹啉-2(1H)-酮的7位羟基、巯基与炔丙基卤代物表现出不同的反应性.     

Fluorine labeling in biosynthetic studies(I): Synthesis of fluorfarnesols

The Synthesis of E,E,E-12-fluorofarnesol and E,Z-6-fluorofarnesol which are key intermediates for the study of biosynthesis of some sesquiterpenes, is decribed. E,E-Farnesyl acetate is treated with selenium dioxide to give E,E,E-12-hydroxy farnesyl acetate, which is transformed by DAST into E,E,E-12-fluorofarnesylacetate. The latter compound is hydrolyzed to E,E,E-12-fluorofarnesol. The Reformatsky reaction of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one with ethyl bromofluoroacetate affords ethyl 2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octanoate. This ester is acetylated and eliminated to give ethyl (Z)-2-fluoro-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoate, which is transformed to allyl bromide via allylic alcohol. The allyl bromide is treated with dianion of methyl acetate to give-keto ester. The β-keto ester is converted to diethyl phosphoryloxy compound. The conjugate addition of lithium dimethylcuprate to the latter compound gives fluoro ester, which is treated with DIBAL to afford E,Z-6-fluorofarnesol.     

A new synthesis of 6,10,14,18-Tetramethyl-5,9,13,17 (E,E,E)-nonadecatetraen-2-one

6,10,14,18-Tetramethyl-5,9,13,17(E,E,E)-nonadecatetraen-2-one was synthesized from geraniol or 6-methyl-5(E)-hepten-2-one in 6 steps, respectively. The key step in both syntheses, was the condensation of phenyl sulfone compound and allylic chloride.     

（2E）－3，7－二甲基－2，6－辛二烯基苯基砜的合成

以香叶醇（２）及芳樟醇（４）为原料合成（２Ｅ）－３，７－二甲基－２，６－辛二烯基苯基砜（１）。用改进的砜合成法由２合成１产率可达９０％以上。     

Heteroarotinoids. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity in terms of an assessment of these systems to inhibit the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity and to induce terminal differentiation of HL-60 cells

The synthesis of certain heteroarotinoids has been achieved, namely the systems (2E,4E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-7-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-6 -thiochromanyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienoic acid (1a), ethyl (2E,4E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-7- (1,2,3,4-teterahydro-4,4-dimethyl-6-thiochromanyl)-2,4,6- heptatrienoate (1b), (2E,4E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-7-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-6 -chromanyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienoic acid (1c), 2-phthalimidoethyl 3,7-dimethyl-7-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4 4-dimethyl-6-thiochromanyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienoate (1d), methyl (E)-p-[2-(4,4- dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-1-propenyl]benzoate (2a), (E)-p-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-1-propenyl]benzyl alcohol (2b), (E)-p-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-1-propenyl]benzonitrile (2c), (E)-p-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-6-chromanyl)-1-propenyl]benzaldehyde (2d), methyl 4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl)-1-propenyl] benzoate (3a), and (E)-p-[2-(2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl)-1- propenyl]benzoic acid (3b). Characterization via elemental, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses was completed for these heterocycles. The biological activity of these heteroarotinoids was assayed by either the suppression of the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induced synthesis of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in mouse skin or the induction of differentiation of human (HL-60) promyelocytic cells. In the ODC assay, systems 1a-c exhibited strong activity (within 10% of or less than the control) whereas alcohols 2b and 3a showed good activity (within 50% of the control) as compared to either 13-cis-retinoic acid or trans-retinoic acid. Moderate activity was observed with 2a and 2b while 1d and 2c were essentially inactive. With the HL-60 assay, 1a and 1c were approximately 2- and 5-fold less active, respectively, than trans-retinoic acid. In contrast, 2a, 3a, and 3b induced differentiation of only a very small percentage of the cells. Acids 1a and 1c were the most active heteroarotinoids in the two biological assays. Consequently, the presence of the heteroatom does not eradicate the activity of the heteroarotinoids and thus they may have potential as chemotherapeutic agents.     

Cytochrome P450 isoform selectivity in human hepatic theobromine metabolism

AIMS: The plasma clearance of theobromine (TB; 3,7-dimethylxanthine) is known to be induced in cigarette smokers. To determine whether TB may serve as a model substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, or possibly other isoforms, studies were undertaken to identify the individual human liver microsomal CYP isoforms responsible for the conversion of TB to its primary metabolites. METHODS: The kinetics of formation of the primary TB metabolites 3-methylxanthine (3-MX), 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) and 3,7-dimethyluric acid (3,7-DMU) by human liver microsomes were characterized using a specific hplc procedure. Effects of CYP isoform-selective xenobiotic inhibitor/substrate probes on each pathway were determined and confirmatory studies with recombinant enzymes were performed to define the contribution of individual isoforms to 3-MX, 7-MX and 3,7-DMU formation. RESULTS: The CYP1A2 inhibitor furafylline variably inhibited (0-65%) 7-MX formation, but had no effect on other pathways. Diethyldithiocarbamate and 4-nitrophenol, probes for CYP2E1, inhibited the formation of 3-MX, 7-MX and 3,7-DMU by approximately 55-60%, 35-55% and 85%, respectively. Consistent with the microsomal studies, recombinant CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 exhibited similar apparent Km values for 7-MX formation and CYP2E1 was further shown to have the capacity to convert TB to both 3-MX and 3,7-DMU. CONCLUSIONS: Given the contribution of multiple isoforms to 3-MX and 7-MX formation and the negligible formation of 3,7-DMU in vivo, TB is of little value as a CYP isoform-selective substrate in humans.     

高危型人乳头状瘤病毒E6/E7 mRNA在宫颈CIN2+病变筛查中的应用价值

目的 探讨高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（HR-HPV）E6/E7 mRNA在子宫颈上皮内瘤变中度及以上（CIN2+级）病变筛查中的临床应用价值。方法 选取2016年6月至2017年6月在北京市垂杨柳医院因接触性阴道出血或疑似宫颈病变妇科门诊就诊的患者307例,均行液基薄层细胞检查（TCT）、HPV DNA、HPV E6/E7 mRNA的检测,并行阴道镜检查及活检。以病理结果为金标准,将病检结果为高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL,包括CIN2和CIN3）或宫颈鳞癌或宫颈腺癌的71例患者作为观察组,记为CIN2+;将病检结果正常和低级别鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL,包括CIN1）的236例患者作为对照组,记为CIN2-。分析TCT、HPV DNA、HPV E6/E7 mRNA的灵敏度和特异度差异。结果 HPV E6/E7mRNA及HPV DNA对CIN2+诊断的特异度分别为79.66%及19.49%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。HPV E6/E7mRNA联合TCT及HPV DNA联合TCT检测对CIN2+诊断的特异度分别为82.63%及35.17%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。HPV E6/E7 mRNA、HPV DNA在筛查CIN2+的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.8420和0.5693,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 HPV E6/E7 mRNA较HPV DNA检测筛查宫颈CIN2+的病变效果更好,HPVE6/E7mRNA联合TCT检测能够提高对CIN2+的病变筛查的特异性。     

Synthesis, structure investigations, and antimicrobial activity of selected s-trans-6-aryl-4-isopropyl-2-[2-[(E)-1-phenylalkylidene]-(E)-hydrazino]-1,4-dihydropyrimidine hydrochlorides.

A series of 6-aryl-4-isopropyl-2-[2-(1-phenylalkylidene)hydrazino]-1,4-dihydropyrimidine hydrochlorides was prepared and tested for antibacterial and antifungal effects. The title compounds were synthesized by cyclocondensation of N(2)-(1-phenylalkylideneamino)guanidines with 1-aryl-4-methyl-2-penten-1-ones. Structure analyses of the prepared compounds were accomplished by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The analyses showed that the ring closure reaction took place regioselectively in all cases and generated exclusively 2-(phenylalkylidenehydrazino)dihydropyrimidines. According to the NOE experiments, the applied N(2)-(1-phenylalkylideneamino)guanidines exist in [D(6)]DMSO solution as s-trans-(E)- and the title compounds as s-trans-(E,E)-isomers. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. The tested title compounds showed weak antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, and one compound was active against Candida albicans.     

Bioactive epoxides and hydroperoxides derived from naturally monoterpene geranyl acetate

Geranyl acetate (1) was oxidized thermally and photochemically using (mcpba, H₂O₂) respectively to obtain (E)-5-(3, 3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-3-methylpent-2-enyl acetate (2) and 3-(2-(3, 3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl) ethyl)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl) methyl acetate (3). On the other hand, photooxygenation of 1 with tetraphenyl porphin (TPP) as a photo sensitizer gave corresponding acitic acid 2,6-bis-hydroperoxy-7-methyl-3-methylene-oct-7-enyl-ester (4), acitic acid 7-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,5-dienyl ester (5) and Acitic acid 3-hydroperoxy-7-methyl-3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,6-dienyl ester (6). Antifungal studies were carried out on geranyl acetate and its derivatives. Studies on the antifungal activity especially Microsporum gypsum, Trichophyton vercossum and Candida tropicalis showed that geranyl acetate, its epoxide and hydroperoxide derivatives have good antifungal action.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定(E)-3-(4-((3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪-2-基)甲氧基)-3-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酸在SD大鼠血浆中的浓度

目的 建立测定SD大鼠血浆中(E)-3-(4-((3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪-2-基)甲氧基)-3-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酸浓度的反相高效液相色谱(LC-UV)方法,并用于其在SD大鼠体内的药动学研究。方法 采用Diamonsil-C₁₈(2)柱(100 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈:水(含5 mM的醋酸铵,用醋酸调节pH至4.0)=30:70为流动相,测定70只SD大鼠单剂量尾静脉给药15 mg/kg后不同时刻血浆中药物的浓度,并由此计算其在SD大鼠体内的药动学参数。结果 SD大鼠