高血压病患者动态脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨高血压病患者24h动态脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法选择1级和2级高血压患者120例作为研究对象,32位健康人做对照。对所有患者进行动态血压监测,做颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度、颈总动脉内径,局限性的内膜-中层厚度≥1.3mm定为斑块。结果高血压患者24h脉压值、白昼脉压均值、夜间脉压均值均较对照组明显增高,2级高血压患者脉压大于1级高血压病组,高血压患者内膜-中层厚度明显增厚,且随着斑块严重程度的增加,厚度逐渐增厚;直线相关分析显示,脉压尤其是夜间脉压与内膜-中层厚度及斑块呈明显正相关,内膜-中层厚度与斑块呈正相关。结论颈动脉内膜-中层厚度是动脉粥样硬化的早期表现,脉压尤其是夜间脉压是反应早期动脉硬化一个简便而实用的指标。     

高血压患者动态脉压与颈动脉重构的相关性研究

目的研究高血压病患者24小时动态脉压与颈动脉结构和功能间的关系.方法选择1、2级高血压病患者57例作为研究对象,设21例年龄、性别与之无统计学差异的健康者作对照,对所有患者所行动态血压监测,作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度、颈总动脉收缩期和舒张期内径.结果高血压病患者其24小时脉压均值、白天脉压均值、夜间脉压均值及颈动脉僵硬度均较对照组明显升高,2级高血压组脉压大1级高血压组;高血压病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度明显增厚,僵硬度增加,颈动脉可扩张性降低,以2级高血压组明显;直线相关分析显示脉压尤其是夜间脉压、内膜中层厚度、可扩张性、僵硬度及内径均密切相关.结论高血压病患者动态脉压,尤其是夜间脉压增高;颈动脉内膜中层增厚,可扩张性降低,僵硬度增加;脉压,尤其是夜间脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度及可扩张性、僵硬度明显相关.     

老年高血压患者动态脉压与颈动脉重构的相关性

为探讨高血压病患者24h动态脉压与颈动脉结构和功能间的关系.以1、2级高血压病患者57例作为研究对象,设21例年龄、性别与之无统计学差异的健康者作对照,对所有患者行动态血压监测,作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度、颈总动脉收缩期和舒张期内径.结果发现,高血压病患者24 h脉压平均值、白天脉压平均值、夜间脉压平均值及颈动脉僵硬度均较对照组明显升高,2级高血压组脉压大于1级高血压组;高血压病患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度明显增厚,僵硬度增加,颈动脉可扩张性降低,以2级高血压组明显;直线相关分析发现,脉压尤其是夜间脉压与内膜中膜厚度、可扩张性、僵硬度及内径均密切相关.该研究证实动态脉压在评估高血压病患者颈动脉结构和功能改变方面有着重要意义.     

老年高血压患者动态脉压与颈动脉重构的相关性

为探讨高血压病患者24h动态脉压与颈动脉结构和功能间的关系。以1、2级高血压病患者57例作为研究对象，设21例年龄、性别与之无统计学差异的健康者作对照，对所有患者行动态血压监测，作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度、颈总动脉收缩期和舒张期内径。结果发现，高血压病患者24h脉压平均值、白天脉压平均值、夜间脉压平均值及颈动脉僵硬度均较对照组明显升高，2级高血压组脉压大于1级高血压组；高血压病患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度明显增厚，僵硬度增加，颈动脉可扩张性降低，以2级高血压组明显；直线相关分析发现，脉压尤其是夜间脉压与内膜中膜厚度、可扩张性、僵硬度及内径均密切相关。该研究证实动态脉压在评估高血压病患者颈动脉结构和功能改变方面有着重要意义。     

高血压合并糖尿病患者脉压与颈动脉重构的相关性研究

目的探讨高血压合并糖尿病患者24h动态脉压与颈动脉结构和功能间的关系。方法对高血压合并糖尿病患者120例、高血压2—3级患者100例、糖尿病患者100例以及健康对照者50例进行动态血压监测,作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）、斑块积分、颈总动脉收缩期和舒张期内径;计算颈动脉扩张性和僵硬度。结果高血压合并糖尿病患者组的24h脉压均值、白天脉压均值、夜间脉压均值及颈动脉粥样硬化（IMT及斑块积分）、僵硬度均较高血压组、糖尿病组明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;多因素相关分析发现：脉压尤其是夜间脉压增高与颈动脉粥样硬化（IMT及斑块积分）、僵硬度密切相关。结论高血压、糖尿病患者均存在脉压增大和颈动脉重构,当高血压病合并糖尿病时,颈动脉重构更明显;脉压与颈动脉重构呈正相关,对高血压合并糖尿病患者应重视脉压的监测及治疗。     

老年高血压病人动态血压曲线下面积与颈动脉硬化关系的探讨

目的研究老年高血压病人动态血压监测参数曲线下面积（AUC）与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择1级与2级老年高血压病人各30例及正常者30名（对照组），行动态血压监测，做颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）、颈总动脉内径，局限性内膜-中层厚度增厚≥1．3mm定义为斑块。结果老年高血压病人24h、日间、夜间收缩压AUC、舒张压AUC及脉压AUC均较对照组明显升高，且2级高血压组收缩压和脉压AUC大于1级高血压组，而两组舒张压AUC无统计学意义；老年高血压病人颈动脉IMT较对照组明显增厚，且随着IMT逐渐增厚，斑块级别增高；直线相关分析显示收缩压和脉压AUC尤其是夜间收缩压和脉压AUC与IMT及斑块级别明显正相关，IMT与斑块级别呈正相关。结论颈动脉IMT是动脉粥样硬化的早期表现，动态血压AUC是真正代表血压增高的持续时间和血压增高值的综合二维参数，收缩压和脉压AUC尤其是夜间收缩压和脉压AUC的增加会加重颈动脉硬化的程度。     

高龄老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度与动态血压参数的关系

目的 探讨高龄老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)及其与动态血压参数特点相关性的研究.方法 将205例患者根据颈动脉超声检查结果分为3组:对照组为非颈动脉内膜中膜增厚(IMT＜1.0 mm),硬化组颈动脉内膜中膜增厚(1.0 mm＜IMT＜1.2 mm),斑块组为颈动脉内膜中膜增厚合并斑块(IMT≥1.2 mm),应用无创24 h动态血压监测系统记录24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、白天平均收缩压、白天平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、24 h脉压及白天脉压、夜间脉压值,记录其中杓型高血压和非杓型高血压的比例和合并冠心病比例.用各组IMT均值与24 h平均收缩压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24 h脉压、白天脉压、夜间脉压及冠心病发生率作相关分析.结果 斑块组和硬化组24 h平均收缩压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24 h脉压、白天脉压及夜间脉压均高于对照组(P＜0.05).其中非杓型高血压在对照组中占54.3%,在硬化组占62.9%,斑块组占77.6%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).各组冠心病发生率对照组为42.1%,硬化组为53.1%,斑块组89.5%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).各组IMT均值与冠心病发生率及24 h平均收缩压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24 h脉压、白天脉压和夜间脉压均呈正相关(r值分别为r=0.878,r=0.487,r=0.514,r=0.469,=0.448,r=0.492,r=0.435,P＜0.05).结论 高龄老年高血压患者动态血压的平均收缩压升高、平均脉压增大和血压昼夜节律消失是造成颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚及斑块形成的重要因素.颈动脉内膜中膜厚度斑块形成与冠心病的发生有良好的相关性.     

老年高血压病病人动态脉压与颈动脉硬化的关系

目的 观察老年高血压病病人动态血压包括脉压（PP）的变化，以及脉压（PP）与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）的相关性。方法 测量110例老年高血压病病人24h动态脉压，计算昼夜PP的水平及PP的变化幅度，根据24hPP的水平分为24hPP〈60mmHg组和24hPP-60mmHg组，多普勒超声检查颈动脉内膜中层厚度。比较两组血压参数与内膜-中膜厚度的差异，分析IMT和脉压各项指标的相关性。结果 24hPP≥60mmHg组与24hPP〈60mmHg组的颈动脉IMT比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01），24h脉压、白天均脉压、夜间平均脉压与颈动脉IMT有明显相关性（r值分别为0．427、0．352、0．576，P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 老年高血压病病人的脉压尤其是夜间脉压对颈动脉IMT的影响明显。     

高血压病患者心房颤动与动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的分析高血压病患者心房颤动与动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法本研究共纳入高血压病患者145例,根据心电图表现分为两组:其中窦性心律组75例、心房颤动组70例。分析145例高血压病患者的一般临床资料,同时使用颈动脉彩超测定颈动脉内膜中膜厚度及粥样斑块个数,从而判断高血压患者的动脉硬化程度。结果高血压病合并心房颤动患者组颈动脉内膜中膜厚度明显高于窦性心律组(P<0.05),其斑块检出率(53.5%)明显高于窦性心律组(19.0%;P<0.01)。颈动脉内膜中膜厚度及粥样斑块检出率与年龄、高血压病程、高敏C反应蛋白等成正相关(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,校正主要的危险因素后,心房颤动是颈动脉粥样斑块的相关危险因素(OR值为1.752,P<0.01)。结论在排除了年龄、高血压病程、收缩压、高敏C反应蛋白等可导致颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚及粥样斑块形成等干扰因素后,心房颤动可能是导致颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚及粥样斑块形成的一个相关危险因素。     

老年高血压患者脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度关系

目的 观察老年高血压患者动态血压的变化,以及脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性。方法 测量103例老年高血压患者24h动态血压,计算昼夜之脉压及脉压的变化幅度,根据脉压分为两组：脉压小于60mmHg的低脉压组和脉压大于或等于60mmHg的高脉压组;用多普勒超声检查颈动脉内膜中层厚度。比较两组血压参数与内膜中层厚度的差异,分析内膜中层厚度和脉压各项指标的相关性。结果 高脉压组与低脉压组的颈动脉内膜中层厚度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度有较好的相关性。结论 老年高血压患者的脉压尤其是夜间脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度明显相关。     

老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度及血管内皮依赖性舒张功能

为评价老年高血压患者动脉粥样硬化的发病情况 ,利用高分辨率超声 ,对 6 3例老年高血压患者及 2 0例对照者颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块进行检测 ,并观察休息时、反应性充血后肱动脉内径变化。结果发现 ,高血压II期、III期颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块发生率较对照组明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且随斑块严重程度的增加内膜中层厚度呈增厚趋势。高血压各期肱动脉血流介导性舒张较对照组明显减弱 (P <0 .0 5 )。结果提示 ,颈动脉内膜中层厚度增厚及血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍是老年高血压患者动脉粥样硬化的早期表现。     

Association between hemodynamics in the common carotid artery and severity of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension

BACKGROUND: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque burden evaluated by B-mode ultrasound have been used as relevant indicators for carotid atherosclerosis. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between hemodynamic parameters in the common carotid artery (CCA) and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in untreated hypertensive patients. METHODS: Carotid IMT and plaque burden were evaluated in bilateral CCA, bifurcations, external and internal carotid arteries using duplex ultrasound in 80 untreated hypertensive patients. The patients were divided into four groups according to plaque burden. Hemodynamic parameters of CCA, including peak and mean circumferential wall tension (CWT), tensile stress (TS), wall shear stress (WSS), and Young's elastic modulus (YEM), were calculated after measurements of internal diameter (ID), IMT, and peak and mean flow velocities of CCA. Arterial stiffness was also assessed using the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). RESULTS: Age, pulse pressure, creatinine, carotid IMT, and mean TS were shown to have significant differences among the four plaque groups (P < 0.05). Peak CWT and peak TS were also shown to have marginal differences. In univariate analysis, the peak and mean CWT and TS were significantly correlated with plaque score. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that carotid IMT, age, and peak CWT were independently associated with plaque score. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the CWT and TS of the CCA are associated with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in untreated hypertensive patients. Hence, the hemodynamics of vessels may contribute to the plaque burden of low-resistance arteries.     

凌晨血压增高与亚临床动脉粥样硬化密切相关

目的探讨高血压患者凌晨血压增高(MBPS)及动态血压监测参数与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法高血压患者226例,分为MBPS组(51例)与非MBPS组(175例),并根据颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)分为IMT增厚组94例和非IMT增厚组132例,分别检查血脂、动态血压监测、颈动脉超声等,比较两组之间年龄、动态血压参数以及颈动脉IMT以及斑块Crouse积分的差别。结果1)MBPS组MBPS值、凌晨平均动脉压、凌晨脉压、颈动脉IMT、斑块积分显著高于非MBPS组(P<0.05);2)颈动脉IMT增厚组MBPS值、凌晨平均动脉压、凌晨脉压、24h平均收缩压、24h平均舒张压、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压显著高于颈动脉非IMT增厚组(P<0.05)。结论MBPS者颈动脉粥样硬化程度较高,MBPS可能促进颈动脉粥样硬化进程。     

高血压病患者动态脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化关系的研究

为了探讨动态脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系 ,将 172名高血压病人分为两组 ,2 4h平均脉压在 40～ 5 5mmHg者为一组 ,2 4h平均脉压 >5 5mmHg者为一组。所有病人同时经超声检测颈总动脉、颈内动脉和颈动脉分叉处的内膜中层厚度、血管内径及斑块发生率 ,并以颈总动脉最大内膜中层厚度作为评价颈动脉粥样硬化程度的指标。结果观察到 ,在同一平均动脉压水平下 ,脉压 >5 5mmHg者颈总动脉内径、颈总动脉最大内膜中层厚度及粥样斑块发生率均明显大于脉压为 40～ 5 5mmHg者 (P <0 .0 0 1)。Pearson相关分析显示平均脉压、年龄、平均收缩压、高血压病程与颈总动脉最大内膜中层厚度呈明显正相关 (r =0 .5 40 ,r=0 .470 ,r =0 .44 3 ,r =0 .2 31,P <0 .0 0 1) ,而平均舒张压与颈总动脉最大内膜中层厚度呈负相关 (r=- 0 .2 8,P <0 .0 5 )。逐步回归分析表明 ,夜间脉压、年龄与颈动脉粥样硬化独立相关。研究结果提示 ,动态脉压是颈动脉粥样硬化发展中的重要参数 ,可作为评估颈动脉粥样硬化程度的有效指标。     

Association of pulse pressure with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pulse pressure is known to be a potent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, it has not been determined whether pulse pressure is associated with cerebrovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the present study was to investigate association of pulse pressure with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes and to determine whether age and gender affect the association. A cross-sectional study was performed using outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness were evaluated by intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (IMT) and aortic pulse wave velocity (a-PWV), respectively. The relationship of brachial pulse pressure with IMT was analyzed. Pulse pressure was significantly correlated with age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, serum sialic acid, a-PWV and IMT. The mean IMT in the highest tertile group of pulse pressure after adjustment for gender was significantly higher than the mean IMT in the lowest tertile group. In analysis using subgroups of gender, a significant correlation between pulse pressure and IMT was shown in women but not in men. In multiple regression analysis, there was a significant correlation between pulse pressure and IMT in women independently of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, atherogenic index, a-PWV, history of therapy for hypertension and history of nephropathy. The results of this study suggest that pulse pressure is a major age-independent predictor of carotid atherosclerosis in female patients with diabetes.     

高血压病患者脉压差与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨高血压病患者脉压差与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率及颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法通过多普勒超声检查70例高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及IMT,计算出这些患者的脉压差,观察脉压差与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率及与颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性。结果脉压差大的患者其颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率及IMT均增高(P<0．05)。结论脉压差与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块和IMT相关,脉压差可促进动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展。     

Asymmetric dimethylarginine is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension

Abstract

This study was to assess the relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension. A total of 182 individuals with never-treated essential hypertension and 182 age-matched healthy controls were studied. Plasma ADMA levels, mean intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score were significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive controls. ADMA was positively correlated with mean IMT. On multiple logistic regression analysis, ADMA was a crucial independent predictor of carotid plaque formation (plaque score ≥1.1). Our results suggest that increased levels of ADMA are associated with the development of carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients.     

Vascular remodeling of the carotid artery in patients with untreated essential hypertension increases with age.

We examined whether hypertrophy of the carotid artery in patients with untreated essential hypertension is associated with compensatory carotid artery enlargement as these patients age. Carotid ultrasonography was evaluated in 163 patients with untreated essential hypertension (74 males and 89 females) and in 76 normotensive subjects. Intima-media end-diastolic thickness (IMT) and outer vessel diameter (VD) were measured, and relative wall thickness (IMT/R, R=VD/2) and vascular mass (VM) were calculated. Determinants of vascular hypertrophy in patients with untreated essential hypertension were also investigated. VD, VM, and IMT were significantly correlated with age in both the normotensive and hypertensive groups. Additionally, IMT was significantly correlated with VD in both groups. There was no correlation between increasing age and IMT/R in either group. IMT, VD and VM were significantly higher in the hypertensive group >50 years than in age-matched normotensive controls. However, IMT/R was significantly higher in the 50-59 years hypertensive group than in normotensive controls of the same age group. In addition to age, VM was related to systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, fasting blood sugar, IMT, VD, and IMT/R in the hypertensive group. Multivariate regression analysis in the hypertensive group indicated that IMT/R was the strongest predictor of carotid vascular mass. Age and pulse pressure were also independently related to vascular mass. These results indicate that, as patients with untreated hypertension age, carotid arteries undergo remodeling. This should add further impetus to the implementation of appropriate hypertension treatment for such patients.     

300例高血压前期者脉搏波传导速度与颈动脉硬化改变及相关性

目的 探讨高血压前期人群大动脉顺应性和颈动脉硬化的情况及相关性.方法 分层随机抽取高血压前期、高血压、正常血压各300例作为研究对象.采用动脉硬化诊断装置VP-1000测定肱踝脉搏波传导速度和踝臂指数,多普勒彩色超声观察颈总动脉内膜-中膜厚度以及斑块形成情况,比较三组间差异.比较各血压组合并颈动脉斑块时脉搏波传导速度的变化情况,分析颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度与脉搏波传导速度的相关性.结果 (1)随着血压从正常向高血压转变,肱踝脉搏波传导速度呈上升趋势,高血压前期组(1 390±171 cm/s)较正常血压组(1 293±151 cm/s)升高但低于高血压组(1 652±291 cm/s,P<0.01);踝臂指数高血压前期组(1.115±0.060)与正常血压组(1.114±0.061)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在高血压组明显升高(1.132±0.067,P<0.01).(2)颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度增厚率及斑块发生率在高血压前期组与正常血压组相比差异均无统计学意义,但在高血压组显著升高(P<0.01);颈总动脉内膜-中膜厚度在高血压前期组(0.73±0.10mm)与正常血压组(0.72±0.12 mm)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在高血压组显著增厚(0.78±0.16 mm,P<0.01).(3)有或无合并颈动脉斑块时,高血压前期组脉搏波传导速度均较正常血压组升高(P<0.01),但低于高血压组(P<0.01);各血压组合并颈动脉斑块时脉搏波传导速度较无颈动脉斑块时均升高(P<0.01).肱踝脉搏波传导速度与颈总动脉内膜-中膜厚度呈正相关(r=0.271,P<0.01),校正血压因素后相关性仍存在(r=0.156,P<0.01).结论 高血压前期肱踝脉搏波传导速度显著升高.提示存在早期动脉硬度改变.肱踝脉搏波传导速度与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度呈正相关,肱踝脉搏波传导速度可作为评估高血压前期动脉硬度有效且简便易行的指标.