胆道支架治疗远端恶性胆道梗阻相关并发症的防治

远端恶性胆道梗阻患者胆道支架置入术后并发症包括胆囊炎、胰腺炎、复发性胆道梗阻、出血和非梗阻性胆管炎等, 准确地认识这些相关并发症, 及时采取有效治疗措施, 对更安全有效地应用胆道支架具有重要的临床意义。     

内镜下同期放置双侧金属胆道支架的方法探讨

目的 探讨经内镜同期置入双侧可膨式金属胆道支架的方法。方法9例Ⅱ～Ⅳ型肝门部胆管恶性梗阻患者,平均血胆红素（162．8±193．8）μmol／L,内镜下插入双导丝分别留置在左、右侧胆管内,在充分扩张狭窄段后,逐一插入金属支架至双侧肝管予以释放。观察操作的便利性、成功率、控制黄疸有效性、早期并发症和近期的临床疗效。结果全组均一次成功置入双侧支架,分别采用“Y”型支架置入法2例、塑料支架过渡法1例和并行支架法6例,平均耗时（38．1±14．8）min,以并行法置入且留置支架末端在乳头外的方法最为便捷。9例患者术后除1例外其他黄疸均迅速消退,3周内均退至正常,无明显并发症发生。结论同期置人双侧金属支架是安全可行的,可迅速有效地控制肝门部肿瘤所致的黄疸和胆道感染;采用特殊设计的金属支架并行置入,并将支架末端留置在乳头外,是较为简便效佳的方法。     

跨越十二指肠主乳头平行放置双侧金属支架治疗肝门部胆管恶性狭窄的临床研究(含视频)

目的:探讨内镜下跨越十二指肠主乳头平行放置双侧胆管金属支架治疗肝门部胆管恶性狭窄的成功率和疗效。方法:回顾性纳入2012年1月—2018年12月在上海东方肝胆外科医院内镜中心采用改良内镜引流技术(内镜下跨越十二指肠主乳头平行放置双侧金属支架)治疗的肝门部胆管恶性狭窄(Bismuth Ⅱ～Ⅳ型)患者共55例,分析技术成功...     

"Tannenbaum" Teflon stents versus traditional polyethylene stents for treatment of malignant biliary stricture

BACKGROUND: Premature stent clogging is the major limitation with plastic stents used in the treatment of malignant biliary structures. A pilot study suggested improved duration of patency of the Tannenbaum stent compared with polyethylene stents. The aim of this prospective, multicenter randomized trial was to compare the Tannenbaum Teflon stent with a conventional polyethylene endoprosthesis (Cotton-Leung biliary stent set) for the treatment of malignant biliary strictures. METHODS: Patients over age 18 years with symptoms caused by nonhilar malignant biliary strictures were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive a 10F Tannenbaum or polyethylene stent after a guidewire was passed beyond the stricture. One hundred six patients (mean age 72 years and 71 years, respectively) were enrolled (54 Tannenbaum, mean age 72 years; 52 polyethylene, mean age 71 years). RESULTS: Tannenbaum and polyethylene stent placement was successful in, respectively, 100% and 96% of procedures without complications. The mean (SD) 90-day stent patency of the Tannenbaum stent was 67% (7%) compared with 73% (7%) for the polyethylene stents. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated no difference in ease of implantation or stent patency between Tannenbaum and polyethylene stents.     

Unilateral versus bilateral endoscopic metal stenting for malignant hilar biliary obstruction

Background and Aim: The extent of liver drainage for palliative treatment of malignant hilar biliary obstruction is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare endoscopic unilateral versus bilateral drainage in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction using a self‐expanding metal stent (SEMS). Methods: We carried out a retrospective review of 46 consecutive patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction who were treated by endoscopic biliary drainage using SEMS between 1997 and 2005. Unilateral metal stenting (group A) was performed in 17 patients between 1997 and 2000, and bilateral metal stenting (group B) was performed in 29 patients between 2001 and 2005. The successful stent insertion, successful drainage, early complications, late complications, stent patency, and survival rate for groups A and B were evaluated and compared retrospectively. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in successful stent insertion (100% vs 90%, group A vs B, respectively), successful drainage (100% vs 96%), early complications (0% vs 10%), or late complications (65% vs 54%). Cumulative stent patency was significantly better in group B than in group A (P = 0.009). In cases of cholangiocarcinoma, cumulative stent patency was significantly better in group B than in group A (P = 0.009), whereas there were no inter‐group differences for gallbladder carcinoma. Cumulative survival did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions: Endoscopic bilateral drainage using SEMS for malignant hilar biliary obstruction is more effective than unilateral drainage in terms of cumulative stent patency, especially in cases of cholangiocarcinoma.     

内镜下平行法双金属支架引流治疗晚期肝门部胆管恶性梗阻价值探讨

目的 探讨经内镜平行法双金属支架引流治疗晚期肝门部胆管恶性梗阻的安全性和疗效.方法 2011年1月至2012年9月对11例晚期肝门部胆管恶性梗阻的病人采用内镜平行法双金属支架引流治疗,观察疗效及安全性.结果 10例成功置入左右双金属支架,全组无研究并发症及死亡病例.9例引流有效.发生2例轻微内镜相关并发症.10例双支架治疗病人中4例死亡,死亡时均无腹痛、黄疸、发热等支架阻塞迹象,生存128 ～ 185 d,失访1例,其余5例病人均在随访中.结论 内镜平行法双金属支架引流治疗晚期肝门部胆管恶性梗阻是安全可行的.     

Percutaneous transhepatic placement of metallic stents in the treatment of complicated intrahepatic biliary stricture with hepatolithiasis: a preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the effect of the metallic modified Gianturco-Rosch Z-stent in the management of refractory intrahepatic long-segment biliary strictures with hepatolithiasis. METHODS: Six symptomatic patients with hepatolithiasis and coexisting intrahepatic long-segment biliary strictures, who failed to respond to the silastic external-internal biliary stenting, were selected. The metallic modified Gianturco-Rosch Z-stent was placed via percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography at the strictured site. Patients were followed regularly to evaluate for recurrence of cholangitis, stones, or strictures. RESULTS: No complications were observed during the procedures. No recurrent strictures or formed calculi were found in these six patients during follow-up periods of 29 to 64 months. However, cholangitis and intrahepatic biliary muddy sludge occurred at 7 and 30 months in two patients after the placement of the metallic Z-stent. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy was used to clear sludge completely. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that the metallic stent is a well-tolerated and promising alternative in the management of refractory intrahepatic long-segment biliary strictures with hepatolithiasis. Though biliary sludge may develop, it can be detected and cleared early. Repeated surgery can thus be avoided.     

经内镜放置胆管金属支架联合鼻胆管引流治疗恶性胆管梗阻

目的探讨经内镜放置胆管金属支架联合鼻胆管引流对恶性胆管梗阻的治疗效果。方法 115例失去手术机会的恶性胆管梗阻患者行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影下放置胆管支架,其中48例行胆管塑料支架引流术,30例行胆管金属支架引流术,37例行胆管金属支架联合鼻胆管引流术;分析各组引流效果、成功率、早期并发症和胆管再堵塞发生情况。结果塑料支架组、金属支架组及金属支架联合鼻胆管组的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)在手术后均有明显降低(P0.05);手术后1周金属支架联合鼻胆管组的TBIL和DBIL明显低于塑料支架组、金属支架组(P0.05),塑料支架组和金属支架组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月内金属支架组和金属支架联合鼻胆管组再堵塞的发生率明显低于塑料支架组(P0.05),金属支架组和金属支架联合鼻胆管组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);塑料支架组的手术成功率与金属支架组及金属支架联合鼻胆管组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),塑料支架组的早期并发症发生率明显高于金属支架联合鼻胆管组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经内镜逆行胰胆管造影下放置胆管金属支架联合鼻胆管对于恶性胆管梗阻有确切的引流效果。     

Metal stents placement for refractory pancreatic duct stricture in children

AIM To evaluate the use of fully covered self-expandable metal stents(FCSEMSs) for pancreatic duct strictures in children with chronic pancreatitis.METHODS Eight patients with refractory benign dominant stricture of the main pancreatic duct(MPD) were enrolled through chart reviews between December 2014 and June 2017 in a single center. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) with placement of a 6-mm FCSEMS with dual flaps was performed. Endoscopic removal of FCSEMSs was performed with a snare or rat-tooth forceps. All procedures were performed by a pediatric gastroenterologist. For the assessment of outcomes, technical and clinical success, adverse events, and stent patency were evaluated retrospectively.RESULTS The placement and removal of the FCSEMSs were successful in all 8 patients. Five patients were boys and 3 were girls. The median age at initial FCSEMS placement was 12 years(range, 5-18 years). The diameters of all the inserted stents were 6 mm, and the lengths were 4-7 cm. The median indwelling time was 6 mo(range, 3-10 mo). No pancreatic sepsis, pancreatitis, cholestasis, or mortality occurred. There was no proximal and distal migration. All subjects showed a patent stent. On follow-up ERCP, the mean diameter of the stricture improved from 1.1 mm to 2.8 mm(P 0.05), whereas that of upstream dilation improved from 8.4 mm to 6.3 mm(P 0.05).CONCLUSION This initial experience showed that temporary FCSEMS placement is feasible and safe for the management of refractory benign MPD stricture in children.     

金属支架治疗胆道恶性梗阻

目的 探讨金属支架治疗胆道恶性梗阻的价值和适应证。方法 回顾性分析15例植入胆道金属支架治疗不能手术切除的胆道恶性梗阻患者的临床转归，其中胰头癌8例，肝门胆管癌5例，胆囊癌2例。结果 15例患者金属支架均植入成功，术后2周内血清胆红素恢复正常8例（53．3％）、明显减退3例（20．0％）、缓慢减退4例（26．7％）。中位生存时间为12个月，一年生存率46．7％，两年生存率13．3％。结论 对不能切除的胆道恶性梗阻患者放置胆道金属支架操作较简单、痛苦少、并发症少，而且减黄效果好，是一种较为理想的姑息性疗法。     

金属支架治疗胆道恶性梗阻

目的 探讨金属支架治疗胆道恶性梗阻的价值和适应证.方法 回顾性分析15例植入胆道金属支架治疗不能手术切除的胆道恶性梗阻患者的临床转归,其中胰头癌8例,肝门胆管癌5例,胆囊癌2例.结果 15例患者金属支架均植入成功,术后2周内血清胆红素恢复正常8例(53.3%)、明显减退3例(20.0%)、缓慢减退4例(26.7%).中位生存时间为12个月,一年生存率46.7%,两年生存率13.3%.结论 对不能切除的胆道恶性梗阻患者放置胆道金属支架操作较简单、痛苦少、并发症少,而且减黄效果好,是一种较为理想的姑息性疗法.