2型糖尿病患者血清脂蛋白(a)与一氧化氮测定及临床意义

目的 探讨血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]和一氧化氮(NO)水平在2型糖尿病(DM)患者中的变化及临床意义.方法 利用日立7170A全自动生化分析仪采用胶乳增强比浊法测定血清Lp(a),采用硝酸还原酶比色法测定NO.结果 35例2型DM并发冠状动脉病(CAD)患者Lp(a)[(342.3±52.6)mg/L]和NO[(83.6±24.4)μmol/L]均显著高于未并发CAD组[(213.8±40.1)mg/L、(68.8±17.6)μmol/L]及对照组[(206.8±37.2)mg/L、(64.3±15.6)μmol/L,P＜0.01),且两者呈正相关(r=0.635,P＜0.01).结论 深入了解Lp(a)和NO在2型DM中的作用机制及两者的相互关系将有助于对2型DM及其并发症的预防与治疗.     

辛伐他汀对高脂血症患者一氧化氮和C反应蛋白的影响

目的　探讨高脂血症与血清一氧化氮 (NO)和C反应蛋白 (CRP)的关系及辛伐他汀对其影响。方法　用化学法和免疫比浊法分别测定 113例高脂血症患者血清NO和CRP ,并与 70例正常人进行对照。高脂血症患者口服辛伐他汀 2 0mg,1次 /晚。在治疗 1,2 ,3及 6个月复查血脂、NO、和CRP。结果　高脂血症患者血清NO浓度显著低于正常人 ,而血清CRP含量显著高于正常对照组。辛伐他汀治疗 1个月 ,血清NO浓度显著升高 ,治疗 3个月血清CRP显著降低。结论　高脂血症患者存在着血管内皮细胞功能受损和动脉内膜的慢性炎性反应。辛伐他汀首先改善了内皮功能 ,继而减轻了动脉内膜的慢性炎性反应     

C反应蛋白在冠心病及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中意义

目的　探讨在稳定型心绞痛 (SA) ,不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)和冠状动脉造影正常组三组病例C反应蛋白(C reactiveprotein ,CRP)水平变化的临床意义。探讨CRP变化与手术参数的相关性。探讨CRP在住院期间预测主要不良心脏事件 (majoradversecardiacevent,MACE)的价值。方法　测定入选患者 (n =97)CRP水平 ,观察冠状动脉性心脏病 (CHD)病例中高CRP水平组 (n =2 5 )及低CRP水平组 (n =35 )围手术期及住院期间MACE。结果　UA组 (n=37)CRP水平高于SA(n=2 7)和冠状动脉造影组 (n =33) [(2 3.4± 2 .3)mg/Lvs(6 .1± 8.3)mg/L ,P <0 .0 1;(2 3.4± 2 .3)mg/Lvs(4 .6± 3.7)mg/L ,P <0 .0 0 1]。经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (percutaneouscoronaryintervention ,PCI)组 (n =39)手术后CRP水平明显增高 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,经皮穿刺冠状动脉球囊成型术 (percutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplasty,PTCA)总时间 >10秒与PTCA总时间≤ 10秒CRP手术前后差值差异有统计学意义 [(2 8.2±17.6 )mg/L vs(17.2± 7.1)mg/L ,P <0 .0 5 ],支架最大扩张压力 ,支架扩张总时间 ,支架长度两组间CRP手术前后差值差异均无统计学意义。高CRP组 (CRP >15mg/L)CHD围手术期及住院期间反复发作心绞痛高于低CRP组(CRP <15mg/L) (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　血清     

C反应蛋白及血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的　测定冠心病患者血清C反应蛋白 (CRP)和血尿酸 (UA)水平 ,以探讨其与冠状动脉 (冠脉 )病变程度及稳定性之间的关系。方法　测定 2 0 5例初诊为“冠心病”患者的CRP和血UA水平 ,根据冠状动脉造影结果 ,按病变的狭窄程度分为 :冠脉正常组、轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组、重度狭窄组和完全闭塞组。按病变的稳定性分为不稳定病变组和稳定病变组。结果　各组间CRP水平 :冠脉正常组 (1.6± 1.3)mg/L ;轻度狭窄组 (2 .4± 1.9)mg/L ;中度狭窄组 (3.0± 2 .5 )mg/L ;重度狭窄组 (4 .3± 3.2 )mg/L ;完全闭塞组 (5 .4± 4 .1)mg/L。重度狭窄组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;完全闭塞组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。各组间血UA水平 :正常组(2 82± 5 2 ) μmol/L ;轻度狭窄组 (30 9± 5 0 ) μmol/L ;中度狭窄组 (335± 5 0 ) μmol/L ;重度狭窄组 (36 3± 4 8) μmol/L ;完全闭塞组 (393± 4 8) μmol/L。轻、中度狭窄组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;重度和完全闭塞组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。不稳定病变组CRP水平 (7.8± 4 .7)mg/L与稳定病变组 (3.4± 2 .3)mg/L相比差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。不稳定病变组血UA水平 (343± 5 5 ) μmol/L与     

二重滤过血浆置换治疗难治性高脂血症的近期和远期疗效

目的 :了解单次二重滤过血浆置换治疗非家族性、难治性高脂血症的短期疗效及对靶器官的长期保护效果。方法 :2 8例非家族性高脂血症患者接受二重滤过血浆置换疗法 ,取治疗前和治疗结束时的血样 ,分别测量血浆TC、TG、LDL、Apo(A)、Apo(B)、Lp(a)、HDL和纤维蛋白原水平。结果 :2 0例患者具有完整的记录 ,平均年龄 5 1.73± 6 .5 8(2 6～ 6 2 )岁 ;平均病程 6 .8年。单次治疗的总置换量为 4 183± 6 6 7(30 0 0～ 5 0 0 0 )ml,治疗前后TC、TG、LDL、Apo(A)、Apo(B)、Lp(a)、HDL和纤维蛋白原水平分别为 6 .86± 1.17mmol/Lvs 3.4 2± 0 .6 3mmol/L、3.92± 2 .13mmol/Lvs 3.5 7± 1.82mmol/L、4 .0 3± 0 .86mmol/Lvs 1.13± 0 .6 6mmol/L、1.34± 0 .37g/Lvs 0 .85± 0 .30g/L、1.34± 0 .5 7g/Lvs 0 .70± 0 .34g/L、176 .14± 75 .5 3mg/Lvs 98.4 3± 4 4 .0 8mg/L、1.0 3± 0 .2 8mmol/Lvs 0 .6 8± 0 .2 2mmol/L、2 6 3.6± 86 .5mg/dlvs 15 4 .9± 4 4 .1mg/dl。TC平均下降 5 1% ;LDL下降约 72 % ;Apo(a)和Apo(b)分别下降 32 %和 4 4 %左右。Lp(a)平均降低 4 0 % ,纤维蛋白原平均下降 4 3%。配对t检验提示单次置换后血浆TC、LDL、Apo(A)、Apo(B)、Lp(a)和纤维蛋白原水平有明显下降 (P <0 .0 5或P <0     

二重滤过血浆置换治疗难治性高脂血症

目的　了解单次二重滤过血浆置换治疗非家族性、难治性高脂血症的短期疗效。方法　 2 0例非家族性高脂血症患者接受二重滤过血浆置换疗法 ,其中 14例患者治疗前血浆总胆固醇 (TC)大于6 .8mmol/L或甘油三脂 (TG)大于 2mmol/L ,低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)水平均高于 3.1mmol/L。取治疗前和治疗结束时的血样 ,分别测量血浆TC、TG、LDL、Apo(A)、Apo(B)、Lp(a)、HDL和纤维蛋白原水平。　结果11例患者具有完整的记录 ,其平均年龄 (4 5 .2 5± 8.33) (2 6～ 5 9)岁 ;平均病程为 6 .7年。单次治疗总置换量为 (4 183± 6 6 7) (30 0 0～ 5 0 0 0 )ml,治疗前后TC、TG、LDL、Apo(A)、Apo(B)、Lp(a)、HDL和纤维蛋白原水平分别为 (6 .86± 1.17)mmol/Lvs (3.4 2± 0 .6 3)mmol/L、(3.92± 2 .13)mmol/Lvs (3.5 7± 1.82 )mmol/L、(4 .0 3± 0 .86 )mmol/Lvs (1.13± 0 .6 6 )mmol/L、(1.34± 0 .37)g/Lvs (0 .85± 0 .30 )g/L、(1.34± 0 .5 7)g/Lvs (0 .70± 0 .34)g/L、(176 .14± 75 .5 3)mg/Lvs (98.4 3± 4 4 .0 8)mg/L、(1.0 3± 0 .2 8)mmol/Lvs (0 .6 8±0 .2 2 )mmol/L、(2 6 3.6± 86 .4 9)mg/dlvs (15 4 .88± 4 4 .12 )mg/dl。TC平均下降 5 1% ;LDL下降约 72 % ;Apo(a)和Apo(b)分别下降 32 %和 4 4 %左右。Lp(a     

慢性充血性心力衰竭患者血浆游离肉碱浓度的测定及临床意义

目的探讨测定慢性充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者血浆游离肉碱浓度的临床意义。方法用放射性同位素酶化学法测定 40例 CHF患者和 3 0例正常人的血浆游离肉碱浓度。结果 CHF患者血浆游离肉碱浓度 [(4 6.48± 1.3 3 ) μmol/L]明显低于正常人血浆游离肉碱水平 [(5 5 .3± 11.19) μmol/L,P<0 .0 5 ]。心功能 级组比心功能 、 级组的血浆游离肉碱浓度更低 ,前者为 (3 5 .76± 5 .61)μmol/L,后者分别为 (5 0 .2 4± 9.3 2 ) μmol/L 和 (4 9.81± 12 .2 3 ) μmol/L;左室射血分数 (L VEF)≤ 40 %组血浆游离肉碱浓度较L VEF>40 %组低 ,分别为 (3 8.96± 9.0 6) μmol/L和 (4 9.71± 10 .77) μmol/L,两组比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。经 L-肉碱 3 g/d静脉滴注治疗 10天后 ,伴随 CHF患者心功能改善 1～ 2级后 ,血浆游离肉碱浓度显著升高至 (10 0 .2 7± 5 6.2 3 )μmol/L (P<0 .0 1)。结论放射性同位素酶化学法测定血浆游离肉碱浓度灵敏、精确、可靠且重复性好。 CHF患者血浆游离肉碱浓度随心衰程度的加重而降低 ,提示 CHF患者存在能量代谢的紊乱 ,可能与体内肉碱缺乏有关 ,补充外源性 L -肉碱后 CHF患者心功能得以明显改善 ,血浆游离肉碱浓度亦随之升高 ,CHF患者补充适量的外源性肉碱是有效的代谢治疗方法之一     

血清急性时相蛋白变化与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的:探讨血清急性时相蛋白变化与2型糖尿病(DM)视网膜病变的关系。方法:研究对象为108例2型糖尿病患者(其中视网膜病变65例,无视网膜病变者43例)及42例正常对照。用胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、a1-酸性糖蛋白(a1-AAG)、铜蓝蛋白(CER)、和脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]浓度,比色法测定唾液酸(SA)。结果:108例2型DM患者hs-CRP、a1-AAG、CER、SA和LP(a)的浓度比42例正常对照显著增加[(13.10±8.02)mg/Lvs(1.01±0.35)mg/L;(813±188)mg/Lvs(551±150)mg/L;(451±138)mg/Lvs(241±102)mg/L,(586±98)mg/Lvs(429±87)mg/L和(193±88)mg/Lvs(118±59)mg/L,P<0.01]。糖尿病视网膜病变者血清hs-CRP、CER、SA和LP(a)的浓度显著高于无视网膜病变者,P<0.01。多元逐步回归分析表明急性时相蛋白与血脂相关。结论:血清hs-CRP、a1-AAG、CER、SA和LP(a)的浓度在2型DM患者中显著增加,且在并发视网膜病病变者的2型DM患者增加更显著,炎症与DR的发病有关,急性时相反应是糖尿病视网膜病变者的重要危险因素。     

我国冠心病患者的血脂异常特点

目的　了解我国冠心病患者的血脂异常特点。方法　采用病例对照研究方法 ,调查 555例怀疑冠心病患者 (其中经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者 348例 ,非冠心病 2 0 7例 )的血脂异常情况 ,用标准方法检测血脂水平。结果　冠心病患者中高胆固醇血症发生率明显高于非冠心病患者 (2 2 .49%vs 1 6 .43 % ,P =0 .0 4 5) ,而其他脂质异常的发生率两组差别无统计学意义 ;冠心病组的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及脂蛋白 (a)水平显著高于非冠心病组[(4.96± 1 .1 6)mmol/Lvs (4.74± 1 .1 6)mmol/L ,P =0 .0 2 9;(3 .0 4± 1 .0 1 )mmol/Lvs (2 .74± 0 .93)mmol/L ,P =0 .0 0 1 ;(2 2 5 .6± 2 1 5 .1 )mg/Lvs (1 78.1± 1 4 9.3)mg/L ,P =0 .0 0 9] ,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇则显著低于非冠心病组[(1 .0 3± 0 .35)mmol/Lvs (1 .1 2± 0 .39)mmol/L ,P =0 .0 1 1 ]。结论　我国冠心病患者的血脂异常仍以高胆固醇血症为主     

辛伐他汀对一氧化氮缺乏性高血压大鼠早期肾功能的影响

目的 :观察羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG CoA)还原酶抑制剂辛伐他汀 (Simvastatin)对一氧化氮缺乏性高血压大鼠肾功能的保护作用 ,并探讨其机制。方法 :通过给予一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L NAME制造一氧化氮缺乏性高血压大鼠模型 ,2 4只WKY大鼠随机分为正常对照组 (C组 )、高血压组 (L组 )、辛伐他汀组 (L +S组 )。收集 2 4h尿液测定尿 β2 微球蛋白 (β2 M)、尿蛋白 ,第 8周宰杀收集标本 ,检测血和肾组织中一氧化氮 (NO)、内皮素 (ET 1 )、血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )水平。结果 :给予L NAME2周即见血压升高 ,第 8周时显著升高 ,达 (1 76 .5± 3.5 )mmHg。与C组比较 ,L组第 7天和第 8周时尿蛋白及 β2 M形成两个高峰 ,尿蛋白分别为 (4 0 .5± 1 0 .4 6 )mg Lvs 1 5 .2 8± 2 .1 6mg L和 (8.4± 5 .6 2 )g Lvs(1 3.6 5± 3.36 )mg L(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,尿 β2 M分别为 (0 .5 8± 0 .1 1 )mg Lvs(0 .2 9± 0 .0 6 )mg L和 (0 .6 4± 0 .0 4 )mg Lvs(0 .34± 0 .0 6 )mg L(P <0 .0 1 )。 8周时肾脏局部NO、ET 1及AngⅡ水平均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。辛伐他汀在不影响血压和血脂条件下 ,减少尿蛋白和尿β2 M排出 ,以第 7天至 2周时最明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;使大鼠肾脏局部 ,特别是肾皮质NO水平增高 ,ET 1及AngⅡ水平降低。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.