大鼠肥在左心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流的意义

目的 了解大鼠肥大左心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流（Ito)意义。方法 应用微电极技术记录动作电位、膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录Ito。观察比较自发性高血压大鼠与正常血压大鼠左心室肌细胞Ito。结果 与正常血压大鼠比较,高血压大鼠心脏重量、心脏重量／体重及平均细胞膜电容均非常显著增加（P＜0．01）,左心室肌细胞APD50及APD90非常显著延长（P＜0．01）,Ito密度非常显著降低（P＜0．01）,但Ito通道的门控动力学无差异。结论 自发性高血压大鼠Ito密度降低是导致动作民位时程延长的原因之一。     

小檗碱对大鼠心室肌细胞短暂外向钾电流的影响

目的研究小檗碱对大鼠心室肌细胞膜短暂外向钾电流(Ito)的影响,探讨小檗碱在离子通道水平的药理作用机制。方法用急性酶解法分离大鼠心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术,观察不同浓度的小檗碱对Ito的影响。结果小檗碱(1,3,10,30,100,300μmol/L)可浓度依赖性地降低Ito,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为40.21μmol/L,30μmol/L小檗碱可使Ito电流-电压曲线下移,但不改变曲线形状。小檗碱使Ito失活曲线向负电位方向变化,半数失活电压减小;对激活曲线无明显影响,未改变Ito激活特性。结论小檗碱可浓度依赖性地阻滞大鼠心室肌细胞的Ito。     

西洛他唑对大鼠右心室肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流的影响

目的 :观察西洛他唑对大鼠右心室肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流 (Ito1)的影响 ,探讨西洛他唑抗心律失常作用的确切机制。方法 :酶解法分离SD大鼠右心室肌细胞 ,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录右心室肌细胞Ito1。结果 :5 0 μmol/L西洛他唑显著降低Ito1,使Ito1幅值由加药前 (12 .7± 0 .5 ) pA/ pF降至 (7.6± 0 .4 ) pA/ pF ,降低 (4 0 .1± 3.0 ) % (P <0 .0 1,n =9)。在 1～ 5 0 μmol/L范围内 ,西洛他唑的作用呈浓度依赖性 ,半抑制浓度为 (17.2±2 .2 ) μmol/L。此外 ,该药对Ito1电压依赖性的激活和失活曲线无显著影响。结论 :西洛他唑浓度依赖性地阻滞大鼠右心室肌细胞的Ito1。     

Dynamics of the background outward current of single guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Ionic mechanisms of hysteresis in cardiac cells

Subthreshold potentials are thought to be mediated by time-independent, "passive" background currents. In this study, we show that the background current-voltage (I-V) relation of guinea pig ventricular myocytes is changed significantly by repetitive stimulation, in such a way that cell excitability becomes enhanced. Myocytes were used for whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments. A voltage-clamp ramp (100 mV/sec) to -50 mV was applied from a holding potential of -100 mV. Subsequently, a train of square voltage-clamp pulses to +10 mV (duration, 300 msec; interpulse interval, 300 msec) was delivered from a holding potential of -85 mV. A new ramp was applied again immediately after the train, and the resulting I-V curve was compared with that obtained before the train. Pulsing displaced the I-V relation to the right, the zero-current point becoming 1-2 mV less negative, and increased the degree of inward-going rectification. These changes were insensitive to tetrodotoxin (30 microM); disappeared during superfusion with cobalt (2 mM), verapamil (22 microM), or ryanodine (5 microM); and could not be mimicked by agonists of the protein kinase C system. In the presence of cesium (8 mM), pulsing still displaced the I-V curve to the right. However, the linear portion of the curve became steeper after the train. Subtraction of the cesium-sensitive current from control revealed that, although the zero-current point remained constant, the I-V relation showed a stronger inward-going rectification after pulsing. In accordance with these results, we have demonstrated hysteresis of excitability in ventricular myocytes. We conclude that the observed changes are mediated by an increase in intracellular calcium, which leads to an increase in rectification of IK1, as well as to activation of another membrane-conductance system, perhaps the Na-Ca exchange or the Ca(2+)-activated, nonselective current.     

Voltage- and use-dependent effects of lidocaine on sodium current in rat single ventricular cells

We compared the blocking effects of the local anesthetics, lidocaine and benzocaine, on the sodium current, using single rat ventricular cells to obtain further information about the voltage dependence and kinetics of local anesthetic interaction with cardiac sodium channels. We used a hybrid voltage clamp system which employed a suction pipette for passing current and internal perfusion, and a microelectrode for membrane potential measurement. Lidocaine (20 microM) and benzocaine (100 microM) produced qualitatively similar effects on sodium current when test pulses were applied infrequently. Both of these agents decreased the peak sodium current without producing a shift of the current-voltage curve. They did, however, shift the inactivation curves of sodium current to hyperpolarized potentials; the V0.5 was shifted by -9.5 mV for lidocaine and by -5 mV for benzocaine. Lidocaine produced a significant use-dependent effect that was proportional to the duration of the voltage step. Benzocaine produced only minimal use-dependent effects. The characteristics of the lidocaine block suggest that this agent binds preferentially to inactivated sodium channels and that dissociation from resting channels is voltage-dependent. The differences in lipid solubility and molecular weight between lidocaine and benzocaine may explain the differences in their use-dependent blocking effects on sodium current.     

Characterisation of Kv4.3 in HEK293 cells: comparison with the rat ventricular transient outward potassium current.

OBJECTIVE: The Shal (or Kv4) gene family has been proposed to be responsible for primary subunits of the transient outward potassium current (Ito). More precisely, Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 have been suggested to be the most likely molecular correlates for Ito in rat cells. The purpose of the present study was to compare the properties of the rat Kv4.3 gene product when expressed in a human cell line (HEK293 cells) with that of Ito recorded from rat ventricular cells. METHODS: The cDNA encoding the rat Kv4.3 potassium channel was cloned into the pHook2 mammalian expression vector and expressed into HEK293. Patch clamp experiments using the whole cell configuration were used to characterise the electrophysiological parameters of the current induced by Kv4.3 in comparison with the rat ventricular myocyte Ito current. RESULTS: The transfection of HEK293 cells with rat Kv4.3 resulted in the expression of a time- and voltage-dependent outward potassium current. The current activated for potentials positive to -40 mV and the steady-state inactivation curve had a midpoint of -47.4 +/- 0.3 mV and a slope of 5.9 +/- 0.2 mV. Rat ventricular Ito current was activated at potentials positive to -20 mV and inactivated with a half-inactivation potential and a Boltzmann factor of -29.1 +/- 0.7 mV and 4.5 +/- 0.5 mV, respectively. The time course of recovery from inactivation of rat Kv4.3 expressed in HEK293 cells and of Ito recorded from native rat ventricular cells were exponentials with time constants of 213.2 +/- 4.1 msec and 23. +/- 1.5 msec, respectively. Pharmacologically, Ito of rat myocytes showed a greater sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine than Kv4.3 since half-maximal effects were obtained with 1.54 +/- 0.13 mM and 0.14 +/- 0.02 mM on Kv4.3 and Ito, respectively. In both Kv4.3 and Ito, 4-aminopyridine appears to bind to the closed state of the channel. Finally, although a higher level of expression was observed in the atria compared to the ventricle, the distribution of the Kv4.3 gene across the ventricles appeared to be homogeneous. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that Kv4.3 channel may play a major role in the molecular structure of the rat cardiac Ito current. Furthermore, because the distribution of Kv4.3 across the ventricle is homogeneous, the blockade of this channel by specific drugs may not alter the normal heterogeneity of Ito current.     

Injury current modulates afterdepolarizations in single human ventricular cells

OBJECTIVE: Injury current (I(injury)) and afterdepolarizations are thought to play an important role in arrhythmias that occur during acute ischemia. However, little is known about the effects of I(injury) on afterdepolarizations. The present study was designed to study the effect of I(injury) on afterdepolarizations and action potentials in single human ventricular cells. METHODS: The patch-clamp technique was used to record action potentials and to apply I(injury) to human ventricular cells. In these cells, early and delayed afterdepolarizations (EADs and DADs) were induced by 1 microM norepinephrine. I(injury) was simulated by coupling cells via a variable coupling resistance to a passive resistance circuit with a potential of 0, -20, or -40 mV, mimicking a depolarized ischemic region. RESULTS: At all potentials, I(injury) induced depolarization of the resting membrane potential and action potential shortening. Flowing from 0 mV, I(injury) induced EADs by itself and aggravated the EADs and DADs that were induced by norepinephrine. Flowing from -40 mV, I(injury) abolished the noradrenaline-induced EADs and DADs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that I(injury) may either prevent or promote the occurrence of afterdepolarizations in human ventricle. The latter holds if conduction is slowed to such an extent that it permits flow of current from depolarized ischemic cells at plateau level to cells in phase 3 or phase 4.     

甲状腺素诱发大鼠心肌肥厚时瞬时外向钾电流、内向整流钾电流和钙电流的变化

目的 研究甲状腺素诱发大鼠心肌肥厚模型的心肌细瞬时外向钾电流、内向整流钾电流和钙电流的变化。方法 以ipL-甲门面腺素造成大鼠心肌肥厚模型后,用膜片钳技术记录心肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流、内向整流钾电流和L型钙电流。结果 肥厚组心肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流幅度和心坎产增加,激活动力学特性无改变;内向整流钾电流幅度和密度也增加,激活动力学特性也无改变;而钙电流幅度、细胞膜电容增加,电流密度不变,半数激活电压（V1/2）向负电位方向移动,斜率（k)减小。结论 在甲状腺素诱发大鼠心肌肥厚模型中瞬时外向钾电流、内向整流钾电流和钙电流特性均发生了变化,这是造成肥厚心肌电生理异常的离子基础。     

二十二碳六烯酸对大鼠心室肌细胞钠通道和瞬时外向钾通道的影响

目的 研究二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对大鼠心室肌细胞钠通道电流(INa)和瞬时外向钾通道电流(Ito)的动力学影响.探讨DHA抗心律失常的机制.方法 采用膜片钳技术在全细胞模式下,记录20、40、60、80、100和120μmol/L DHA对大鼠心室肌细胞INa和Ito的影响.结果 (1)DHA对INa呈浓度依赖性阻滞,使稳态失活曲线左移、失活后恢复时间延长,对稳态激活曲线无影响.在指令电压-30 mV,上述浓度DHA对INa阻滞分别为(1.51±1.32)%、(21.13±4.62)%、(51.61±5.73)%、(67.62±6.52)%、(73.49±7.59)%和(79.95±7.62)%(P<0.05,n=20),DHA对INa的半效作用浓度为(47.91±1.57)μmol/L.(2)DHA对Ito呈浓度依赖性阻滞,使稳态失活曲线左移、失活后恢复时间延长,对稳态激活曲线无影响.在指令电压+70 mV,上述浓度DHA对Ito阻滞分别为(2.61 ±0.26)%、(21.79±4.85)%、(63.11±6.57)%、(75.52 ±7.26)%、(81.82 ±7.63)%和(84.33±8.25)%(P<0.05,n=20),DHA对Ito的半效作用浓度为(49.11±2.68)μmol/L.结论 DHA对钠通道和瞬时外向钾通道的抑制作用可能是其抗心律失常机制之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)on sodium channel current(INa)and transient outward potassium channel current(Ito)in rat ventricular myocytes and to evaluate potential anti-arrhythmic mechanisms of DHA.Methods INa and Ito of individual ventricular myocytes were recorded by patch-clamp technique in whole-cell configuration at room temperature.Effects of DHA at various concentrations(0,20,40,60,80,100 and 120 μmol/L)on INa and Ito were observed.Results (1) INa was blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by DHA,stably inactivated curves were shifted to the left,and recover time from inactivation was prolonged while stably activated curves were not affected by DHA.At-30 mV,INa was blocked to(1.51 ±1.32)%,(21.13±4.62)%,(51.61 ±5.73)%,(67.62 ±6.52)%,(73.49±7.59)%and(79.95±7.62)%in the presence of above DHA concentrations(all P<0.05,n=20),and half-effect concentration(EC50)of DHA on INa was(47.91±1.57)μmol/L(2) Ito were also blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by DHA,stably inactivated curves were shifted to the left,and recover time from inactivation was prolonged with increasing concentrations of DHA,and stably activated curves were not affected by DHA.At+70 mV,Ito was blocked to(2.61 ±0.26)%,(21.79±4.85)%,(63.11 ±6.57)%,(75.52 ±7.26)%,(81.82 ±7.63)%and(84.33±8.25)%,respectively,in the presence of above DHA concentrations(all P<0.05,n=20),and the EC50 of DHA on Ito was(49.11±2.68)μmol/1.Conclusion The blocking effects of DHA on APD and Ito may serve as one of the anti-arrhythmia mechanisms of DHA.     

丹酚酸B对大鼠心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流和L型钙电流的阻滞作用

目的研究从丹参中分离提取的药物单体——丹酚酸B对大鼠心肌细胞上的瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)、内向整流钾电流(IK1)和L型钙电流(ICa,L)的电生理学作用。方法用酶解法分离大鼠心室肌细胞,全细胞膜片钳技术记录Ito、IK1和ICa,L。每个细胞采用加药前后自身对照,用含100μmol/L丹酚酸B的细胞外液灌流心室肌细胞,记录加药前、后的电流,所有数据均在细胞破膜后20min内完成。结果 100μmol/L的丹酚酸B对Ito和ICa,L具有抑制作用,使Ito和ICa,L最大激活峰值电流密度下降,电流密度-电压曲线下移;且丹酚酸B主要抑制Ito的快速电流成分Itof,而对Ito的缓慢电流成分Itos无明显作用。在60mV测试电压下,Itof的最大激活峰值电流密度从23.51±3.29pA/pF降为16.85±2.36pA/pF,抑制率为28.31%±10.6%(n=8,P0.05)。在-10mV测试电压下,100μmol/L丹酚酸B作用后ICa,L的最大激活峰值电流密度从-8.66±-2.40pA/pF降为-5.91±-2.14pA/pF,抑制率为31.84%±10.23%(n=11,P0.05)。丹酚酸B使Ito通道失活后的恢复减慢,但不改变ICa,L的通道动力学。丹酚酸B对IK1无显著作用。结论丹酚酸B对Ito和ICa,L具有阻滞作用,而对IK1无显著作用。     

Two components of transient outward current in canine ventricular myocytes

Repolarization during phase 1 of cardiac action potential is important in that it may influence both impulse conduction in partially depolarized tissue and action potential duration. Thus, it is important to know the properties and regulation of the underlying currents. In about 50% of canine ventricular myocytes, the actin potential displays a phase 1 of fast repolarization and a prominent notch between phase 1 and the plateau. A transient outward current is responsible for both. This current is composed of two components: one (Ito1) blocked by 4-aminopyridine and the other (Ito2) blocked by manganese. In the present study, we characterized each of the components in isolation from the other. Both had an activation threshold between -30 and -20 mV. At the same voltage, Ito1 was larger than Ito2 and had a shorter time to peak. The peak current-voltage relationship for Ito1 was almost linear, but that for Ito2 was bell-shaped. Ito1 decayed during sustained depolarization with a single exponential time course: tau less than 30 msec at all voltages. It recovered from inactivation with a voltage-dependent time course: tau = 70 msec at -90 mV and 720 msec at -40 mV. Ito2 was augmented by elevating [Ca2+]o or by isoproterenol. It was inhibited by caffeine, ryanodine, or a preceding transient inward current, suggesting that it was activated by intracellular calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum. We conclude that Ito1 and Ito2 in canine ventricle are similar to those described for many other cardiac tissues, but the kinetics of Ito1 are significantly faster than in other tissues.     

人参皂苷Rb1对大鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流和瞬时外向钾电流的调控作用

目的 研究参松养心胶囊的药物单体-人参皂苷Rb1对大鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流(Ica,L)和瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)的调控作用.方法 Langendroff灌流装置、胶原酶和蛋白酶混合急性分离大鼠心室肌细胞,用含40μmol/L的人参皂苷Rb1的细胞外液灌流心室肌细胞,每个细胞采用给药前后自身对照,标准的全细胞膜片钳技术记录Ica,L,Ito,所有数据均在细胞破膜后20min内完成,观察人参皂苷Rb1对Ica,L和Ito通道电流的影响.结果 40 μmol/L的人参皂苷Rb1对Ica,L和Ito均有抑制作用.在-10mV测试电压下,40 μmol/L的人参皂苷Rb1可使Ica,L的最大激活峰值电流密度从(- 11.423±-3.125)pA/pF下降至(-5.786±-2.976)pA/pF,抑制率为49.34％±9.78％(n=7,p＜0.05),电流密度-电压(I-V)曲线上移,但不改变激括电位、峰电位、反转电位以及曲线的形状;在+60mV测试电压下,40μ mol/L的人参皂苷Rb1 可使Itof的最大激活峰值电位从 35.342±3.126pA/pF下降至26.783±4.153pA/pF,抑制率为24.21％±8.35％ (n=8,p ＜0.05),I-V曲线下移.两通道电流经Boltemann方程拟合的稳态激活曲线给药前后无明显影响,但药物可使稳态失活增快以及失活后恢复减慢(n=7,p＜ 0.05),且人参皂苷Rb1主要抑制Ito的快速电流成分Itof(峰电位),对慢电流成分Itos(维持电位)无明显影响.结论 人参皂苷Rb1对Ica,L和Ito通道的电流有显著抑制作用,但不改变Ica,L的通道动力学.     

Transient outward current modulates discontinuous conduction in rabbit ventricular cell pairs

OBJECTIVE: While several studies have demonstrated that the L-type calcium current maintains discontinuous conduction, the contribution of the transient outward current (I(to)) to conduction remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of I(to) inhibition on conduction between ventricular myocytes. METHODS: An electronic circuit with a variable resistance (R(j)) was used to electrically couple single epicardial myocytes isolated from rabbit right ventricle. We inhibited I(to) with 4-aminopyridine superfusion, rate-acceleration, or premature stimulation to evaluate the subsequent effects on conduction delay and the critical R(j), which was quantified as the highest R(j) that could be imposed before conduction failed. RESULTS: I(to) inhibition significantly enhanced conduction in all cell pairs (n=23). Pharmacologic inhibition of I(to) resulted in a 32+/-5% decrease in conduction delay and a 36+/-7% increase in critical R(j). Similarly, reduction of the basic cycle length from 2 to 0.5 s resulted in a 31+/-3% decrease in conduction delay and a 31+/-3% increase in critical R(j). Finally, premature action potentials conducted with a 41+/-4% shorter conduction delay and a 73+/-24% higher critical R(j) than basic action potentials. CONCLUSIONS: I(to) inhibition significantly enhanced conduction across high R(j). These results suggest I(to) may contribute to rate-dependent conduction abnormalities.     

Transient outward current prominent in canine ventricular epicardium but not endocardium

Previous studies have denied the presence of a transient outward current (Ito) in ventricular myocardium of dog, sheep, and calf. Using conventional microelectrode techniques, we provide evidence for a significant contribution of Ito to epicardial, but not endocardial, activity of canine ventricular myocardium. The epicardial action potential when compared with that of endocardium shows a smaller phase 0 amplitude, a much more prominent phase 1, and a phase 2 amplitude that is greater than that of phase 0. Epicardial action potentials, unlike those of endocardium, display a "spike and dome" morphology that becomes progressively more accentuated at slower stimulation rates. Using the restitution of phase 1 amplitude as a marker for the process responsible for the spike and dome phenomenon, we were able to delineate two exponential components: 1) a slow component that recovers with a time constant of 350-570 msec and 2) a fast component with a time constant of 41-85 msec. The slow component was largely abolished by 1-5 mM 4-aminopyridine, an Ito blocker. The fast component was diminished by 4-aminopyridine, but it was also inhibited by ryanodine and by Sr2+ replacement of Ca2+, which are interventions known to inhibit the Ca2+-activated component of Ito. Following 4-aminopyridine and Sr2+ or ryanodine treatment, the epicardial responses more closely resembled those of endocardium. In summary, the data demonstrate a marked heterogeneity of active membrane properties in canine ventricular muscle. These observations may aid in understanding the basis for rate-dependent changes in the T wave of the ECG, supernormal conduction in ventricular muscle, the greater sensitivity of epicardium to ischemia, and the rate dependence of some cardiac arrhythmias.     

犬右心室心外膜下细胞瞬间外向钾电流特性的研究

目的　探讨犬右心室心外膜下 (Epi)细胞复极 1期瞬间外向钾电流 (Ito1)的电生理特性。方法　应用全细胞钳制技术 ,对右心室Epi细胞复极 1期Ito1的电流强度、动力学过程和动作电位切迹进行定量观察。结果　 (1)犬右心室Epi细胞具有强大的Ito1,其激活过程呈明显的电压依赖性 ,在37℃、0 2Hz和去极化试验电压为 +70mV时 ,Epi细胞的峰值Ito1强度和密度分别达 (4 15 0± 1780 )pA和 (31± 11 4)pA/pF ,其激活和失活动力学过程符合Boltzmann分布 ;(2 )犬右心室Epi细胞Ito1具有明显的频率依赖性 ,即在基础刺激周长增加时 ,Ito1明显增大 ,并和动作电位的“尖峰 穹隆”幅度的增加相对应 ;(3)温度对Ito1强度的影响明显 ,在去极化试验电压为 +70mV、0 2Hz和温度为 2 2℃、37℃条件下 ,右心室Epi细胞的Ito1强度和密度分别为 (2 380± 10 5 0 )pA与 (18± 7 6 )pA/pF、(4 15 0± 1780 )pA与 (31± 11 4)pA/pF ,差异明显。结论　犬右心室Epi细胞存在强大的Ito1,这种具有明显电压依赖性、频率依赖性和温度依赖性的Ito1及其参与介导的“尖峰 穹隆”状动作电位图形是右心室Epi细胞复极1期一个突出的电生理特点。     

正常大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和瞬时外向钾离子流的特点

目的研究正常Spraque-Dawley大鼠外层、中层和内层心室肌细胞动作电位(AP)和瞬时外向钾离子流(Ito)的特点。方法采用酶消化法获得大鼠外层、中层和内层心室肌细胞,以全细胞膜片钳技术记录心室肌细胞AP和Ito。结果成功记录到大鼠心室肌细胞外、中和内层心肌细胞AP和Ito。外层至内层心室肌细胞动作电位时程(APD)逐渐延长(P<0.05)。在+70mV刺激时外层至内层心室肌细胞Ito电流密度逐渐减小,分别为59.50±15.99,29.15±5.53和12.29±3.62pA/pF(P<0.05)。三层心室肌细胞曲线半激活电压、半失活电压及失活后恢复时间均无差异(P>0.05)。结论大鼠三层心室肌细胞AP形态和Ito大小存在分层差别。     

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells upregulate transient outward potassium currents in postnatal rat ventricular myocytes

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been shown to effectively improve cardiac function in experimental animals and patients with myocardial infarction and heart hypertrophy. BMSCs exert potent effects on cardiomyocytes through the inhibition of cardiac apoptosis, the attenuation of cardiac inflammation, etc. However, novel biological actions of BMSCs on cardiomyocytes remain to be explored. The present study was designed to investigate whether BMSCs affect electrophysiological features of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). BMSCs and NRVMs were indirectly co-cultured at a ratio of 1:10 with a semi-permeable membrane. We found that compared with mono-cultured NRVMs, co-cultured NRVMs exhibited an obvious increase of transient outward potassium current (I_to), accompanied by significant changes in activation, inactivation and recovery of I_to. Meanwhile, K_V4.2 mRNA which encodes the channel carrying I_to was more abundant in co-cultured NRVMs than mono-cultured NRVMs. The increases in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were observed in culture medium of BMSCs. bFGF but not IGF-1 upregulated the K_V4.2 mRNA expression and enhanced I_to currents. Taken together, we conclude that BMSCs upregulate I_to of NRVMs, at least partially, by secreting bFGF that in turn upregulates K_V4.2 expression and alters the kinetics of I_to.     

稳心颗粒甘松提取物对大鼠心室肌细胞钠电流和瞬时外向钾电流激活动力学的影响

目的研究步长稳心颗粒中甘松提取物对大鼠心室肌细胞钠电流(INa)、瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)激活动力学的影响。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术,研究10 g/L甘松提取物对急性分离的成年大鼠心室肌细胞INa、Ito激活动力学的影响。结果①10 g/L甘松提取物使大鼠心室肌细胞INa峰值(INa,max)从-58.96±2.71 pA/pF降至-31.66±1.29 pA/pF(n=5,P<0.01);②10 g/L甘松提取物使Ito峰值(Ito,max)由3.40±1.52 pA/pF降到1.43±0.64 pA/pF(n=7,P<0.05)。10 g/L甘松提取物对INa和Ito的抑制率分别达38.2%和57.9%。结论10 g/L甘松提取物对大鼠心室肌细胞INa、Ito具有显著抑制作用。