室间隔封堵器在成人细小动脉导管未闭介入治疗中的疗效和安全性

目的:探讨细小型成年动脉导管未闭(PDA)患者的造影、介入治疗特点,观察应用室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵器关闭此类动脉导管未闭的疗效、安全性和意义。方法:选择成年PDA患者25例,造影观察PDA的形态、大小,将其分为长管型10例(A组),迂曲不规则型9例(B组),动脉瘤型6例(C组)。UCG显示直径1.2~2.8mm,造影显示最小直径1.2mm,最大直径4.3mm。PDA长度7.9~11.9mm,平均(9.9±1.3)mm。结果:选择对称型室间隔封堵器和肌部室间隔封堵器进行介入封堵治疗,治疗前后肺动脉压力无明显差异,但造影与TTE测量最窄处直径差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。总体成功率100%。随访无明显降主动脉缩窄、左肺动脉狭窄及其他并发症。结论:室间隔封堵器关闭细小型PDA疗效肯定、安全。     

超声心动图在Amplatzer法介入治疗动脉导管未闭中作用的评价

目的 :分析未闭动脉导管 （PDA）经超声心动图和 X线造影测量的最窄处直径大小和形态的关系 ,探讨超声心动图在 Amplatzer法介入治疗 PDA中的作用。方法 :全组 36例 ,年龄 1.5～ 46 （12± 14）岁。均采用 Amplatzer法进行介入治疗。术前行超声心动图检查测量 PDA直径和形态 ,术中通过主动脉弓降部造影再测量 PDA直径、观察其形态。将两者的测量值加以对比。结果 :36例患者的 PDA最窄处直径超声心动图测量为 5 .4± 1.8mm ,主动脉弓降部造影测量为 5 .1± 1.9mm ,两者无显著差异 （P>0 .0 5 ） ;超声心动图显示 PDA属漏斗型 2 7例 ,管型 9例 ;造影显示 PDA属 Krichenko A型 2 9例 ,B型 4例和 C型 3例 ,其中超声检查管型中 ,造影示有 2例漏斗型 （A型 ） ,余 7例分别为 B型和 C型。36例全部封堵成功 ,术后即刻造影 6例 （17% ）有微量残余分流 ;术后 3d超声心动图复查 ,6例微量残余分流均消失 ,左心腔内径均明显回缩 （P<0 .0 1） ,左室射血分数降低。结论 :超声心动图在 PDA介入治疗术前筛选患者、选择方法、判断 PDA的直径大小 ,术后疗效的评价方面具有重要的作用     

国产蘑菇伞型封堵器封堵巨大动脉导管未闭的可行性研究

目的探讨采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大动脉导管未闭(PDA)的可行性。方法全组15例,其中男3例,女12例,年龄21±8(16～46)岁。PDA最窄处直径为16±3mm(13～22mm),均采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经股静脉途径对PDA进行封堵。封堵前后行主动脉弓降部造影并测定肺动脉压力。封堵成功者分别于术后1周、1个月和6个月复查超声心动图。结果15例巨大PDA选用的封堵器直径为23±4mm(18～32mm),封堵后30min主动脉弓降部造影均显示主-肺动脉水平仅有经封堵器孔眼的微量到少量残余分流。封堵后13例患者肺动脉收缩压峰值较封堵前有不同程度下降(70±29mmHgvs113±21mmHg,P<0.05,1mmHg=0.133kPa),2例因试封堵后肺动脉压力升高而放弃封堵。无一例发生严重并发症。封堵成功者术后复查超声心动图,其中11例于术后1周、1例于术后1个月残余分流消失,另1例于术后6个月时残存少量分流。结论采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大PDA是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

体质量≤8 kg小儿动脉导管未闭封堵治疗

目的探讨体质量≤8kg小儿动脉导管末闭介入治疗经验。方法选取我院2001年5月至2010年3月,经X片、心电图、超声心动图检查确诊为52例体质量均≤8kg的动脉导管未闭患儿,使用蘑菇伞形封堵器经皮封堵,封堵后5分钟行主动脉弓降部造影,术后24 h行X片、心电图、超声心动图检查,观察治疗效果。结果 52例患儿,男12例,女40例,年龄3个月～2岁(0.9±0.5)岁,体质量(7.1±0.9)kg。封堵前主动脉弓降部影X线测量动脉导管未闭最窄处直径(4.4±1.1)mm,使用国产封堵器37例,Amplatzer封堵器15例,输送鞘均≤9F,选取封堵器腰部直径为(8.7±1.8)mm,封堵器腰部直径与动脉导管最窄处直径差值为(4.3±1.5)mm,比值为(2.1±0.6)mm。52例患儿均治疗成功,封堵成功率100%。封堵后5分钟行主动脉弓降部造影见少量返流4例,即刻完全封堵率92.3%,次日超声心动图复查完全封堵率100%。6个月随访中无再通和封堵器移位、溶血、感染及血栓形成等并发症发生。结论使用介入方法治疗低体量婴幼儿动脉导管未闭安全有效,国产封堵器与进口封堵器在治疗效果上无差别,输送鞘应选择≤9 F的鞘管,以避免造成静脉损伤。封堵器大小的选择至关重要,需注意避免造成对主动脉与肺动脉的影响。本研究表明所选封堵器腰部直径最好大于动脉导管最窄处4～6 mm,封堵器直径与未闭动脉导管最窄处直径比值≥1.5的最小封堵器应作为首选,由于患儿个体差异较大,还应结合患儿具体实际情况选择封堵器大小。     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的即刻及短期疗效观察

目的:探讨应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效。方法:5例FPA患者,男2例,女3例,年龄6～27(平均18.40±7.23)岁;经临床、X线、超声心动图及造影证实为PDA。测量PDA最窄处内径,选择合适的输送鞘及封堵器,封堵缺损处。术后即刻听诊杂音及24小时后作超声心动图复查以评价疗效。结果:造影测量PDA最窄直径为4～7(5.20±1.16)mm,选择封堵器直径为8～18(12.80±3.25)mm.手术全部获得成功。4例杂音完全消失,复查超声心动图亦未见分流:1例存留不足2-级的收缩期杂音,术后超声心动图见微量残存分流,1月后复查残存分流消失。结论:Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭安全、有效,创伤小,可避免开胸治疗。     

经导管同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的疗效和安全性

目的:探讨经导管介入同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的可行性、方法及疗效.方法:13例患者,男5例,女8例.其中房间隔缺损(ASD)合并肺动脉瓣狭窄6例,ASD合并动脉导管未闭(PDA)4例,ASD合并膜部室间隔缺损2例,PDA合并肺动脉瓣狭窄1例.ASD合并其他畸形的患者,均先治疗其他畸形,最后行ASD封堵.PDA合并肺动脉瓣狭窄者,先行肺动脉瓣狭窄球囊扩张术,最后封堵PDA.结果:13例患者均经导管一次治疗成功.ASD合并肺动脉瓣狭窄6例,跨肺动脉瓣压差由术前平均(138.3±41.4)mmHg下降到术后平均(12.0±5.6)mmHg,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).所用ASD封堵器直径为8～24 mm.ASD合并PDA4例,PDA最窄径2～5 mm,封堵器直径为6～8 mm;ASD封堵器直径为8～28 mm.ASD合并膜部室间隔缺损2例,室间隔缺损直径分别为3.5 mm和5.0 mm,用直径6 mm和8 mm的双盘状室间隔缺损封堵器封堵成功,所用ASD封堵器的直径为12 mm和18 mm.1例PDA合并轻度肺动脉瓣狭窄,用聚乙烯球囊扩张、PDA用4 mm封堵器治疗成功.结论:经导管介入同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病具有技术上的可行性、安全性和良好的治疗效果.     

伞中伞治疗伞漏1例

患者,女,44岁.发现心脏杂音40余年,活动后胸闷2年于2009-08-01入院.患者从小发现心脏杂音,确诊为动脉导管未闭(PDA),2000-06曾行介入封堵治疗[1],当时经胸超声心动图(TTE)测PDA长8 mm,宽9 mm,左室不大,降主动脉造影示PDA最窄径8.5 mm,选择直径16～18 mm PDA封堵器封堵成功.     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

经皮介入封堵治疗低龄低体质量婴幼儿动脉导管未闭的临床意义

目的通过总结经皮介入封堵治疗低龄低体质量婴幼儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)的临床经验,探讨其治疗意义、操作技术及安全性。方法回顾性分析105例动脉导管未闭患儿,行右心导管检查,测体、肺动脉压力,行主动脉弓降部造影显示PDA直径、形状,选择封堵器,实施封堵,术后24h,1、3、6、12个月复查超声心动图。结果 105例患儿中102例封堵成功,成功率97.1%,PDA最窄径(4.1±2.5)mm。2例为PDA封堵器主动脉侧过大,导致降主动脉局部狭窄、迂曲变形而放弃封堵。1例封堵术后封堵器周围中量残余分流,行外科手术治疗。并发症包括术后残余分流、股动脉搏动减弱及伤口出血等。结论在严格选择适应证的条件下,介入封堵低龄低体质量婴幼儿动脉导管未闭较为安全、可行。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭开胸术后再通的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Am platzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）开胸术后再通并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组10例 ,年龄 11± 8（4～ 32 ）岁。PDA最窄处直径为 4± 4（2～ 13） mm。封堵后 10 m in行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :9例 PDA采用 Am platzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,1例采用 Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影显示 ,3例存在微量～少量残余分流 ,7例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图均未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭外科术后再通是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

特殊形态动脉导管未闭的介入治疗

目的探讨特殊形态动脉导管未闭(PDA)的介入治疗方法,评价其临床应用价值。方法7例应用标准型Amplatzer导管封堵器难以完成介入治疗的PDA患者,根据造影显示PDA形态及临床特点,相应选用成角型Amplatzer导管封堵器以及偏心型导管封堵器进行介入治疗,术后以心脏超声随诊评价疗效。结果7例患者皆成功完成介入治疗,无严重并发症发生;其中2例应用成角型Amplatzer导管封堵器,5例应用偏心型导管封堵器;2例经二次手术完成,余患者一次治疗完成。7例患者中,封堵术后即刻造影显示有2例封堵完全,术后24h心脏超声检查示6例封堵完全,术后3个月复查皆封堵完全。结论需要设计和生产不同形态和大小的封堵装置,以扩大PDA介入治疗的适应证。     

Comparison and results of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus using the swivel-disk device versus plug occluder in children

The transcatheter closure of certain types of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains a challenge. The investigators report initial clinical experience with 25 patients who underwent PDA occlusion with the use of a swivel-disk device (SDD) or a plug occluder (PO). The patients were divided into 2 groups: in the SDD group, 12 patients aged 1 to 2 years with type A PDA underwent attempted closure using the SDD, a modified Amplatzer duct occluder with a very low profile retention disk that can adapt itself at different PDA insertion angles. The mean PDA diameter was 4.8 +/- 1.5 mm (range 3.8 to 8). In the PO group, 13 patients aged 0.5 to 3 years with type C, D, or E PDA underwent attempted occlusion with the PO, a tubular occluder made of Nitinol wire mesh. The mean PDA diameter was 4.2 +/- 3.5 mm (range 1.2 to 9). The 2 occluders are filled with Dacron patches. The mean device diameters were 6.5 +/- 1.2 and 6.8 +/- 2.2 mm (range 4 to 11) in the SDD and PO groups, respectively. Complete angiographic closure was seen in 24 of 25 patients. The deployment of 4 5-PDA5 coils abolished a residual shunt associated with hemolysis in a 5-month-old patient with a large type C PDA after the implantation of an 11-mm PO. No other complications were observed. In conclusion, the SDD and the PO are promising additions to the armamentarium for PDA closure.     

Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using a new angled Amplatzer duct occluder: initial clinical experience.

In the present study, we report the initial clinical experience with the new angled Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) for the percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Percutaneous closure of PDA using standard ADO in infants and in patients with small PDA ampulla is difficult, or even impossible, due to protrusion of the aortic disk into the descending thoracic aorta. The aortic disk of an angled ADO is angled at 32 degrees to the body of the device and concave toward the aorta to prevent protrusion of the disk into the aorta. Percutaneous closure of PDA was attempted in nine patients with a median age of 5.2 years (range, 0.5-12.7) and median weight of 20 kg (range, 4.9-55). Selection of the occluder and the implantation technique were similar to the standard ADO. The minimal PDA diameter ranged from 2.1 to 3.7 mm (median, 2.5 mm). Occluders were successfully implanted in all patients. Immediate complete PDA closure was achieved in all patients. There were no complications. The new angled ADO is a safe and effective device for PDA closure, particularly suitable for infants and patients with small PDA ampulla. Further studies and long-term follow-up are necessary to confirm our initial experience.     

成人复杂动脉导管未闭介入治疗的有效性和安全性

目的:评价经导管介入治疗对成人复杂动脉导管未闭(PDA)患者的有效性与安全性。方法:回顾2004-04-2008-04期间在北京安贞医院接受经导管介入治疗的成人复杂PDA患者112例,最小直径<3.0mm者选用弹簧栓子,最小直径≥3.0mm者选用Amplatzer或国产蘑菇伞形动脉导管封堵器;不能常规建立输送轨道的患者采用逆行建轨方法,在常规操作的基础上,复杂PDA介入治疗遵循各自的特殊性;介入治疗成功的患者分别于术后第1周及第1、3、6和12个月行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查随访。结果:总体成功率达93.8%,术后1年残余分流的发生率为1.8%,均为少量分流,无需特殊处理,肺动脉收缩压介入治疗后[(58±20)mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa]较介入治疗前[(94±21)mmHg]显著下降约35mmHg(P<0.001);无一例发生死亡、再通、封堵器脱位及介入相关的肺动脉或主动脉狭窄等严重并发症,发生溶血及穿刺部位血管并发症的患者经保守治疗后均康复出院。结论:对于并发有解剖学或血流动力学异常的成人复杂PDA患者,经导管介入治疗是一种安全、有效的治疗手段。     

经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘

目的：探讨经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘的方法及临床疗效。方法：经导管堵塞冠状动脉瘘14例，平均年龄7．1岁。结果：13例应用弹簧圈堵塞，平均瘘口大小为3．65mm，除3例失败外均获成功；1例（瘘口6．6mm）应用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵塞器堵塞成功。所有病例随访1个月－4年，均无残余分流及任何并发症。结论：经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘具有良好的临床疗效及安全性。可控弹簧圈一般用于堵塞瘘口较小的冠状动脉瘘，而瘘口较大的冠状动脉瘘可选用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵塞器。     

Safety and Feasibility of Transcatheter Closure of Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus Measuring ≥4 mm in Patients Weighing ≤6 kg

Objectives: The study aims to find safety of transcatheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ≥4 mm in patients weighing ≤6 kg.
Background: Large PDA ≥4 mm in patients ≤6 kg challenge the interventionist due to need for large delivery sheath, kink of delivery sheath, and encroachment of aorta or pulmonary artery (PA) by the device. Many institutions refer them for surgery.
Methods: Preterm neonates and ducts with coarctation were excluded. All other patients were taken for catheter closure. Ducts with roomy ampulla were closed with multiple coils aided by bioptome, and others with Amplatzer duct occluders.
Results: Twenty-eight patients aged 2–18 months (median 5.5 months) and weighing 3.8–6 kg (median 4.7 kg) had large PDA (mean diameter 6.3 ± 2 mm) with hyperkinetic pulmonary hypertension. Four patients had bioptome-aided coil closure. Twenty-two other ducts were closed with devices. Two procedures failed due to sheath kink in one patient and device pulling through a duct in the other patient. Four infants needed blood transfusions. The mean procedural time was 42 ± 20 minutes. On a mean follow-up of 25.5 ± 14.8 months, there were no residual flows and no gradients across aorta or pulmonary artery.
Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of large ducts ≥4 mm might be considered safe and effective in infants weighing ≤6 kg also. Decision on coils versus devices depends on ductal morphology. On midterm follow-up with somatic growth, there was no occurrence of aortic or PA gradients.     

Safety and feasibility of transcatheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus measuring >or=4 mm in patients weighing

Kothandam Sivakumar  Edwin Francis  Prasad Krishnan 《Journal of interventional cardiology》2008,21(2):196-203

Transcatheter occlusion of moderate to large patent arterial ducts, having a diameter above 2.5 mm, with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder. Comparisons with the Rashkind, buttoned devices, and coils in 116 consecutive patients

AIM: To report results of transcatheter occlusion of moderate to large patent arterial ducts, having a minimum diameter above 2.5 mm, with the Amplatzer duct occluder, and to compare these with results achieved using Rashkind or Sideris devices and Cook detachable coils. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study conducted on intention-to-treat data from a tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: Since 1989, 116 consecutive patients, 77 females and 39 males, underwent percutaneous closure with several devices. We used the Rashkind double umbrella in 23 patients, the Sideris buttoned device in 39 patients, coils in 17 patients, and the Amplatzer duct occluder in 37 patients. The median age of the patients was 37 months, and the median weight 13 kg. The mean minimum diameter of the duct was 3.8 +/- 1.22 mm, with a median of 3.5 mm, and range from 2.5 to 10 mm. RESULTS: Implantation succeeded in all but 9 of the children (92%). The time of fluoroscopy was shorter, and full occlusion was better as judged on angiography, in patients closed using the Amplatzer device, despite closure of larger ducts, than in patients closed using other devices (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0003, and p = 0.0015 for the Rashkind, Sideris, and coils, respectively). Complications included embolisation in 2 patients, and haemolysis in 3 patients. In 12 patients, a second device was inserted because of residual shunting noted during follow-up. Complete occlusion was achieved earlier after implantation (p = 0.0002), and the rate of complete occlusion was better in patients receiving an Amplatzer device (97%, p = 0.024) than in patients undergoing closure with other devices. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter closure of moderate to large patent arterial ducts using the Amplatzer duct occluder is an effective and safe procedure, providing better results than those achieved using other occluders.     

Safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus in adults with a self-expandable occluder

Most occurrences of large patent ductus arteriosus (PDAs) of ≥10 mm have been surgically closed, and transcatheter closure of these large PDAs was only reported in a few case reports. The present study reviewed our experience in transcatheter closure of such large PDAs with a Chinese self-expandable occluder, which is similar to but much cheaper than the Amplatzer occluder. From July 2000 to January 2008, 23 patients underwent transcatheter closure of large PDA ≥10 mm with this kind of occluder. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 38.0 (15.6) years (range 18–75 years). Radiographs of the chest, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms were used for follow-up evaluation of the treatment within 1 day, 1 month, 6 months, and then every year after successful closure. The mean (SD) angiographic PDA diameter was 12.8 (2.6) mm (range 10–18 mm) and the mean occluder diameter was 18.0 (2.9) mm (range 16–22 mm). The occluders were delivered successfully and closed the PDA completely in 19 out of the 23 patients. Pulmonary arterial pressures decreased significantly after occlusion in patients with successful treatment: 67.3 (24.7) mmHg (range 29–122 mmHg) before occlusion and 42.3 (22.0) mmHg (range 19–98 mmHg) immediately after the procedure. Radiographs of the chest and echocardiograms showed that the diameters of the left atrium, left ventricle, and the main pulmonary artery decreased, and the ejection fraction (EF) increased at a mean (SD) follow-up of 36.3 (18.7) months (range 6–72 months). No severe complication occurred. The immediate and long-term outcomes suggested that transcatheter closure of PDAs with the native PDA occluder is a safe and effective treatment for adults with large PDA ≥10 mm.