椎体次全切除椎管前壁潜式扩大术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的 :评价椎体次全切除椎管前壁潜式扩大植骨融合术治疗合并局限性发育性椎管狭窄或后纵韧带骨化、肥厚的脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法 :应用椎体次全切除椎管前壁潜式扩大术治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者 184例 ,根据JOA评分和术后X线片判定改善率和植骨融合情况。结果 :184例中有 10 8例获 12～ 74个月 ,平均 38个月的随访。切除 2～ 3个椎间者 ,术后 3～ 4个月植骨融合 ;切除 4个椎间者 ,术后 5～ 6个月获骨性融合。优良率 81 1% ,改善率 3 7%～ 84 4 % ,平均 71 3%。无脊髓、神经根或椎动脉损伤等并发症。结论 :椎体次全切除椎管前壁潜式扩大术可使合并发育性椎管狭窄或后纵韧带骨化、肥厚的脊髓型颈椎病获得直接而彻底的脊髓前方减压。     

The treatment of spondylotic cervical myelopathy by multiple subtotal vertebrectomy and fusion

The authors report their experience in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy by multiple subtotal vertebrectomy and fusion. There were 27 cases with a mean age of 66.9 years. The clinical assessment was carried out using both the Nurick and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) grading pre- and post-operatively at 6 months. The post-operative radiological assessment was done at 3 and 6 months. Two cases died from unrelated medical problems. There were three cases of graft dislodgement. Clinical improvement was detected in 80% of cases using the Nurick grading and in 88% of cases using the JOA scoring. No cases deteriorated neurologically after operation. Bony fusion was achieved in 96% of the surviving cases by 6 months. Multiple subtotal vertebrectomy and fusion is therefore an effective method for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.     

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for noncontiguous cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background:Noncontiguous cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a special degenerative disease because of the intermediate normal level or levels between supra and infraabnormal levels. Some controversy exists over the optimal procedure for two noncontiguous levels of CSM. The study was to evaluate the outcomes of the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with zero-profile devices for two noncontiguous levels of CSM.Results:The mean followup was 48.59 months (range 24-56 months). The average operative time and blood loss was 105.29 min and 136.47 ml, respectively. The preoperative JOA score was 8.35, which significantly increased to 13.7 at the final followup (P < 0.01). The NDI score was significantly decreased from preoperative 13.06 to postoperative 3.35 (P < 0.01). The operation also provided a significant increase in the cervical lordosis (P < 0.01) from preoperative 10.17° to postoperative 17.06°. The fusion rate was 94.1% at 6 months postoperatively, and 100% at 12 months after surgery. The mean SWAL-QOL score decreased from preoperative 68.06 to immediate postoperatively 65.65 and then increased to 67.65 at final followup. There was a statistically significant difference between preoperative and immediate postoperatively values (P < 0.05), but none between preoperative and at final followup (P > 0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid leak, dysphagia and radiological adjacent segment degeneration occurred in one patient, respectively.Conclusion:The ACDF with zero-profile devices is generally effective and safe in treating two noncontiguous levels of CSM.     

零切迹颈椎前路椎间融合固定系统治疗颈椎病及无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤

目的：探讨零切迹颈椎前路椎间融合固定系统（简称 Zero-P 系统）治疗颈椎病及无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤患者的临床疗效。方法对行颈椎前路手术的14例颈椎病患者（16节段）和5例无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤患者（5节段）采用 Zero-P 系统进行减压固定。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后早期并发症;颈椎病患者采用 JOA 评分评价疗效。结果手术时间为55～120（75±16）min;术中出血量为50～450（150±85）ml。术后11例出现吞咽困难,2～5 d 基本恢复,未出现其他早期并发症。患者均获随访,时间3个月～3年6个月,末次随访时14例颈椎病患者 JOA 评分改善率为72．7％,其中优9例,良3例,中2例;5例颈脊髓损伤患者Frankel 分级均为 E 级。影像学资料提示术后椎间融合良好,未出现临近节段椎间盘退变。结论仅需处理椎间盘的颈椎前路手术采用 Zero-P 系统进行减压固定,可以取得早期良好的临床疗效,但应注意患者的选择。     

前路开槽式减压及带锁钢板固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的 :探讨前路减压手术在多节段脊髓型颈椎病中的应用价值。方法 :32例脊髓型颈椎病患者 ,病变累及 2个椎间隙者 2 7例 ,3个椎间隙者 5例。经颈前路开槽式减压 ,2 8例取自体髂骨移植 ,4例采用钛网内充填减压椎体之松质骨植骨 ,并行带锁钢板固定。结果 :32例中 2 9例随访平均 32 5个月 ,植骨于术后 12～ 16周骨性愈合。术后恢复之椎间高度未发生再丢失现象 ,颈椎生理曲度维持良好。无钢板、螺钉折断、滑脱等并发症。手术有效率为93 1% (2 7/2 9) ,优良率为 79 3% (2 3/2 9) ,JOA评分由平均术前 8 3分上升至术后 14 1分。结论 :多节段脊髓型颈椎病可采用前路开槽式减压及带锁钢板内固定 ,应用前景良好。     

颈前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术治疗多节段颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨颈前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术治疗多节段颈椎病的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2002年3月～2012年1月采用颈前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术治疗的32例多节段颈椎病患者资料,男20例,女12例;年龄48～76岁,平均52.32±5.73岁。脊髓型颈椎病26例,脊髓型合并神经根型颈椎病6例。病变累及3个节段29例,累及4个节段3例。术前JOA评分为8.07±1.82（5~11）分,颈前柱高度为67.29±2.63（61.98～73.01）mm,颈椎曲度C值为2.86±2.63[（-3.14）～8.42]。均行颈前路混合减压融合内固定术,其中脊髓主要受压节段采用椎体次全切除减压,脊髓次要受压节段行椎间隙减压。观察手术并发症情况及术后1周、6个月、12个月时JOA评分、颈前柱高度与颈椎曲度C值的恢复情况。结果：手术时间90～160min,平均105min;术中出血量100～350ml,平均200ml。术后1例出现饮水呛咳,术后2周恢复正常;2例出现声音嘶哑,经对症处理均于术后1个月内恢复正常。随访12～24个月,平均14.0±3.1个月。术后6～12个月均获骨性愈合,末次随访时无假关节形成和内固定松动或断裂。术后1周、6个月、12个月时颈前柱高度、颈椎曲度C值及JOA评分均较术前明显提高（P<0.05）。术后12个月JOA评分改善率为（68.38±11.07）%,按改善率评定手术疗效,优11例,良17例,好转4例。结论：颈前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术是治疗多节段颈椎病一种安全、有效的方法。     

Increased spinal cord movements in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background context

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very useful diagnostic test for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) because it can identify degenerative changes within the spinal cord (SC), disclose the extent, localization, and the kind of SC compression, and help rule out other SC disorders. However, the relationships between changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, cord motion, the extent and severity of spinal canal stenosis, and the development of CSM symptoms are not well understood.

Purpose

To evaluate if changes in the velocity of CSF and SC movements provide additional insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CSM beyond MRI observations of cord compression.

Study design

Prospective radiologic study of recruited patients.

Patient sample

Thirteen CSM subjects and 15 age and gender matched controls.

Outcome measures

Magnetic resonance imaging measures included CSF and SC movement. Cervical cord condition was assessed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, compression ratio (CR), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) of the tibial and ulnar nerves.

Methods

Phase-contrast imaging at the level of stenosis for patients and at C5 for controls and T₂-weighted images were compared with clinical findings.

Results

Cerebrospinal fluid velocity was significantly reduced in CSM subjects as compared with controls and was related to cord CR. Changes in CSF velocity and cord compression were not correlated with clinical measures (JOA scores, SSEP) or the presence of T₂ hyperintensities. Spinal cord movements, that is, cord displacement and velocity in the craniocaudal axis, were increased in CSM patients. Increased SC movements (ie, total cord displacement) both in the controls and CSM subjects were associated with altered spinal conduction as assessed by SSEP.

Conclusions

This study revealed rather unexpected increased cord movements in the craniocaudal axis in CSM patients that may contribute to myelopathic deteriorations in combination with spinal canal compression. Understanding the relevance of cord movements with respect to supporting the clinical CSM diagnosis or disease monitoring requires further long-term follow-up studies.     

Secuplate颈前路钢板系统在脊髓型颈椎病手术中的应用

目的观察Secuplate颈前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病手术中的作用和疗效。方法对26例脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈前路减压植骨、Secuplate颈前路钢板内固定术。术后随访观察神经功能恢复情况、植骨融合率及有无植入物并发症。结果术后进行6～12个月(平均8个月)随访。术后症状明显缓解、脊髓功能明显改善者23例,占88%。术后6个月植骨融合率达到100%。无钢板和螺钉松动或断裂现象存在。结论应用颈前路减压植骨、Secuplate颈前路钢板系统内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病具有以下优点:可获得术后颈椎即刻稳定,防止植骨块移位,术后无需行石膏固定,能显著提高植骨融合率。     

颈前路减压融合内固定治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病术后轴性症状分析

目的:分析颈前路椎体次全切除融合内固定与颈前路双节段椎间盘摘除融合内固定治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病术后轴性症状(AS)的发生情况。方法:2004年3月～2007年5月113例双节段脊髓型颈椎病患者分别行颈前路椎体次全切除融合内固定(A组,61例)和颈前路双节段椎间盘摘除融合内固定(B组,52例)。观察两组患者术前和末次随访时的JOA评分、融合节段高度和矢状面Cobb角,计算每组的神经功能改善率,统计每组术后颈部AS的发生率。结果:随访24～48个月,平均32.2个月。末次随访时A、B组神经功能改善率分别为(70.1±12.2)%、(63.5±4.7)%,无统计学差异(P0.05);融合节段高度变化值分别为-0.04±0.02cm、0.05±0.02cm,有统计学差异(P0.05);融合节段后凸率分别为34.4%、13.5%,有统计学差异(P0.05);颈部AS发生率分别为45.9%(28/61)、26.9%(14/52),有统计学差异(P0.05)。末次随访时融合节段高度降低者颈部AS发生率较高度增大者高(P0.05),A组中融合节段高度降低者的比例数明显大于B组(P0.05)。末次随访时,A组中融合节段明显后凸者的颈部AS发生率明显高于无后凸或轻度后凸者(P0.05),A组中融合节段明显后凸者的比例数明显大于B组(P0.05)。结论:颈前路减压融合内固定术后融合节段高度降低和明显后凸的患者AS发生率较高。与颈前路椎体次全切除融合内固定术相比,颈前路双节段椎间盘摘除融合内固定术治疗颈椎病在取得良好临床疗效的同时减少了术后颈部AS的发生。     

前后路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病伴椎管狭窄

[目的]探讨前后路联合手术治疗前后压迫的脊髓型颈椎病伴椎管狭窄的临床疗效.[方法]对近7年收治的临床资料完整的74例病例进行回顾性分析.[结果]本组随访8～52个月,平均21个月,无手术并发症发生.按照JOA评分系统评价治疗效果,术前评分平均9.6分,术后3、12个月评分平均13.5分、14.3分,手术前后JOA评分比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),术后3、12个月JOA平均改善率56.8%、63.5%.[结论]前后路联合手术为治疗前后压迫的脊髓型颈椎病伴椎管狭窄提供了一种安全、有效的方法.可以充分解除颈髓压迫并重建颈椎稳定性,提高临床改善率,减少并发症发生.     

颈椎椎体间融合器在颈椎病外科治疗中的应用

目的探讨应用颈椎椎体间融合器治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性总结分析我院2002年3月~2005年2月间应用颈椎椎体间融合器治疗的38例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床及影像学资料,观察椎体间隙高度、颈椎生理曲度及融合情况。结果平均随访10个月时,36例获得骨性融合,融合率达95%,优良率达87%,颈椎生理曲度及融合节段的椎间隙高度恢复及维持满意。结论颈椎椎体间融合器应用能使融合节段获得即刻的稳定性,恢复并维持颈椎生理曲度及融合节段的椎间隙高度,是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法。     

颈椎椎体间融合器在脊髓型颈椎病治疗中的应用

目的 观察颈椎椎体间融合器(cervical interbody fusion cage,CIFC)在脊髓型颈椎病前路手术中的应用疗效,并与环锯法颈椎前路减压植骨融合术(环锯法)作对比分析。方法 CIFC组42例,共56个椎间隙,环锯法组40例,共50个椎间隙,术后定期随访及拍摄X线片,观察疗效及手术融合节段的稳定性、椎间高度和融合情况。结果 CIFC组56个椎间隙中52个间隙获得骨性融合,融合率92.86％,术后2周椎间高度较术前增加(1.5±0.8)mm,随访24个月,椎体高度仍较术前增加(1.1±0.6)mm,生理曲度维持满意,无内植物并发症;环锯法组50个椎间隙中有41个间隙获骨性融合,融合率82％,23例26个间隙不同程度的存在椎间高度丢失、椎体塌陷,椎间高度较术前降低(1.2±0.7)mm。结论 应用颈椎椎体间融合器能使颈椎融合节段获得术后即刻稳定,提高椎间骨性融合率和维持术后椎间高度,降低自体植骨并发症,并能维持脊髓减压疗效。     

显微镜下减压融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的:探讨显微镜下颈前路减压融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法:2005年2月至2010年3月,在显微镜辅助下经颈前路减压融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病21例,男13例,女8例;年龄32～71岁,平均51.5岁;病程6个月～3年,平均12.5个月。手术操作:在显微镜下应用高速磨钻等工具进行减压操作,脊髓充分减压后取自体髂骨植骨融合加内固定。对手术前后JOA颈椎病评分进行比较并评价其疗效。结果:21例患者均获随访,时间18～24个月,平均20个月。患者脊髓神经功能均有不同程度提高,JOA评分由术前9.26±1.72增加至术后的13.64±1.38(t=2.452,P=0.000)。根据JOA评分评定疗效:优12例,良7例,一般2例。结论:显微镜下颈前路减压融合术具有操作精细、减压充分等优点,治疗脊髓型颈椎病安全、有效。     

保留椎体后壁的椎体次全切除术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的 介绍保留椎体后壁椎体次全切除术,并与传统的椎体次全切除术比较.方法 2007-08-2009-09,40例脊髓型颈椎病患者随机行保留椎体后壁的椎体次全切除术和传统的椎体次全切除术各20例,术后1周,3、6、12个月进行随访并行X线及CT三维重建检查,比较两组年龄、手术时间、出血量、并发症、术前术后JOA评分、植骨...     

双小切口前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术治疗连续4节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的比较单/双小切口前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)治疗连续4节段脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)的疗效及术后并发症发生情况。方法回顾性分析2014年10月—2017年9月上海交通大学附属仁济医院骨科采用ACDF治疗的64例连续4节段CSM患者临床资料,根据手术切口分为单切口组(n=31,SI)和双小切口组(n=33,DI)。比较2组手术切口、颈肩疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,日本骨科学会(JOA)评分和改善率;记录并比较术后并发症发生情况(切口感染、吞咽困难、声音嘶哑、C5神经根麻痹和脑脊液漏)。结果所有手术均顺利完成。所有患者随访时间>12个月,最长2.5年。2组患者术后72 h切口疼痛均明显缓解,术后3个月切口疼痛基本消失。末次随访时,2组患者VAS评分和JOA评分均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SI组16例发生手术并发症,其中切口感染1例,吞咽困难11例,声音嘶哑2例,C5神经根麻痹1例,脑脊液漏1例;DI组5例发生手术并发症,吞咽困难3例,声音嘶哑1例,C5神经根麻痹1例。结论对于以前方脊髓压迫为主的连续4节段CSM,采用单/双小切口ACDF治疗,均能有效改善患者的神经功能,缓解颈肩疼痛,但双小切口可有效降低术后吞咽困难发生率。     

颈椎病致脊髓前动脉综合征

目的 报告一组因颈椎病引起的脊髓前动脉综合征,分析其临床表现,并探讨其机制和影像学表现特点和治疗.方法 共25例,男16例,女9例;平均年龄53.2岁.在典型的脊髓型颈椎病基础上无外伤等明显诱因,短期内症状急剧加重19例,逐渐加重6例.除脊髓型颈椎病的体征外,均出现浅感觉丧失或减退,而深感觉存在的"感觉分离"现象.下肢痉挛性瘫痪.其中12例伴有不同程度的肛门、膀胱功能失控.X线片和CT显示颈椎不同程度的退变.其中伴有颈椎管狭窄10例、颈椎不稳12例、颈椎后纵韧带骨化6例.MR检查发现均为椎间盘中央型突出,脊髓前中央受压迫.脊髓多有不同程度地萎缩.大部分病例在脊髓前2/3 T1WI信号稍低或无明显变化,T2WI高信号或稍高信号,但有6例T1WI和T2WI信号均无改变.在缓慢起病的患者中,有3例脊髓前2/3囊性变.前路减雎24例,后路减压1例,采用JOA评分评估疗效.结果 平均随访16个月,术后疗效优(脊髓功能恢复率≥75%)11例,良(50%～74%)7例,一般(25%～49%)6例,差(≤24%)1例.结论 在无明显诱因下颈椎病椎间盘中央型突出可引起脊髓前动脉综合征."感觉分离"是诊断此疾病的基础,同时结合病史、临床症状和其他体征以及影像学检查给予确诊.及时减压可取得较佳的疗效.