液基薄层细胞学结合阴道镜检查在宫颈病变筛查中的临床意义

目的探讨宫颈液基薄层细胞学(TCT)结合阴道镜检查在宫颈病变筛查中的临床意义。方法对854例已婚妇女进行宫颈液基薄层细胞学检测,对宫颈细胞学异常者行阴道镜检查及活组织检查。结果 854例TCT检测的患者中,宫颈病变发生率达81.9%,其中良性病变482例,占69%,宫颈上皮内病变217例,占25.4%,对217例宫颈细胞学异常者进行阴道镜下活检与组织病理学诊断比较,符合率为88.7%。宫颈上皮内病变高发年龄为30-40岁,占35.5%。结论 TCT技术在宫颈病变的诊断中,具有简便、实用,准确率高的特点,配合阴道镜检查能及时发现宫颈早期病变,是防止宫颈癌的关键。     

9012例子宫颈液基细胞学诊断结果分析

目的探讨液基薄层细胞(TCT)检查在宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查中的应用价值。方法回顾分析开县人民医院9 012例宫颈液基细胞学检测结果和伯塞斯达系统(TBS)分类系统结果,其中12例ASC-US、10例ASC-H、35例低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、72例高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)、2例鳞状上皮细胞癌(SCC)和6例腺细胞异常做阴道镜下病理活检,对细胞学异常结果与阴道镜下活组织检查病理诊断结果进行比较。结果 9 012例液基细胞学检测中,筛查出非典型鳞状细胞(ASC-US)以上病例285例,阳性率3.2%。液基细胞学检测与阴道镜下病理活检结果的符合率为91.24%。结论 TCT制片技术和TBS报告能较全面反映宫颈病变的情况,通过定期正规的筛查,能早期发现宫颈癌及癌前病变,从而早期治疗,阻止病变升级是预防宫颈癌的关键。     

液基细胞学在子宫颈病变筛查中的诊断价值

目的评价液基细胞学在宫颈癌前病变早期诊断中的价值。方法采用贝塞斯达（TBS）诊断系统对3227例经宫颈／阴道液基薄层细胞学检查（TCT）的标本进行分析，部分病例经组织学对比印证。结果不典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）以上异常228例（7．1％）：ASCUS 119例（3．69％），低度上皮内瘤变（L．SIL）79例（2．44％），高度上皮内瘤变（H-SIL）18例（0．56％），鳞癌（SCC）9例（0．28％），不典型腺细胞（AGUS）3例（0．09％）。其中66例细胞异常者行病理活检，CIN2以上病变两种检测方法的符合率为92．6％（25／27）。结论液基细胞学检查为一种准确、简便的宫颈早期病变筛查方法．可作为宫颈癌防治的有效工具。     

阴道镜活检联合TCT检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值

目的:探讨阴道镜下宫颈活检联合宫颈液基薄层细胞学(Thinprep cytologic test,TCT)检测在宫颈癌筛查中的诊断价值.方法:选取2018年至2020年于我院行宫颈筛查的女性108例作为研究对象.所有入选者均行TCT检测、阴道镜下宫颈活检,任意一项阳性者行病理学检查,并将宫颈上皮内瘤(Cervical ...     

液基细胞学联合阴道镜检查在诊断子宫颈病变中的临床应用

目的提高子宫颈病变的诊断。方法行液基细胞学（TCT）检查2425例，对其中272例细胞学阳性病例行阴道镜检查及镜下活组织病理检查。结果行TCT检查2425例，细胞学阳性272例，占11．22％，其中非典型鳞状细胞（ASC）122例占5、03％；非典型腺细胞（AGUS）31例占1．28％；宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）110例，占4．54％，鳞癌（CA）9例，占0．37％。对所有细胞学阳性病例均行阴道镜检查及镜下活组织病理检查。异常阴道镜图像251例，占92．28％。病理检查结果为慢性宫颈炎21例：宫颈上皮内瘤变242例，其中CINⅠ112例，CINⅡ85例，CINⅠⅢ45例；宫颈鳞癌9例。结论应用TCT筛查子宫颈病变，细胞学阳性病例联合阴道镜检查及镜下活组织病理检查，能早期发现癌前病变，防治宫颈癌。     

TCT联合阴道镜在宫颈疾病中的诊断价值

目的 探讨液基薄层细胞检测系统（TCT）联合阴道镜及阴道镜下宫颈活检在宫颈疾病中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2007年12月来我院门诊主诉白带增多、性交出血及妇检宫颈糜烂的756例患者行TCT筛查，其中125例阳性患者进行阴道镜下宫颈活检情况。结果 TCT异常率为16．53％，TCT检查CINI及以上病例诊断与病理活检诊断符合率为83．10％、灵敏度为86．44％（51459）、特异性为88．10％（74／84）、阳性预测值83．61％（51／61）、阴性预测值90．24％（74／82）；阴道镜检查CINI及以上病例诊断与病理活检诊断符合率为71．43％、灵敏度为95．45％（63／66）、特异性为86．05％（74／86）、阳性预测值84．00％（63／75）、阴性预测值96．10％（74／77）；TCT检查2例宫颈癌，而阴道镜和病理活检均诊断3例宫颈癌，提示阴道镜检查宫颈癌的诊断价值高于TCT。结论 TCT细胞涂片联合阴道镜下活检病理组织学检查可明显提高CIN的阳性检出率，是发现宫颈疾病安全、方便、准确、可靠的检查方法，适合作为CIN的筛查方法。     

薄层液基细胞学制片联合阴道镜检查对宫颈病变的诊断价值

目的评价薄层液基细胞学制片联合阴道镜检查对宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法对2006年1月～2008年12月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院妇科门诊检查的1220例患者行宫颈薄层液基细胞学制片(TCT)检查,对其中186例细胞学提示阳性或临床高度可疑的患者行阴道镜下活组织病理检查,以病理诊断为金标准,对结果进行分析。结果宫颈薄层液基细胞学制片检查1220例中,异常涂片157例(12.59%),临床高度可疑的患者45例行阴道镜检查下活检。病理结果显示:CINⅠ39例,CINⅡ9例,CINⅢ3例,子宫颈鳞癌3例。TCT检查诊断宫颈病变符合率为84.0%,阴道镜检查对宫颈病变的诊断符合率为88.0%,两者比较差异具有显著性(P0.05),二者联合病变检出率为98.0%。结论采用薄层液基细胞学制片检查配合阴道镜下病理检查可明显提高对宫颈病变诊断的准确率,能满足早期发现癌前病变的需要。     

15 393例宫颈液基细胞学与组织病理学的对照分析

目的探讨宫颈液基细胞学诊断与组织病理学诊断的符合情况。方法对15393例做SurePath宫颈液基细胞学检查,结果异常者依次做Hybrid Capture-Ⅱ肿瘤相关人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）-DNA检测、5％醋酸宫颈染色肉眼观察并拍照、阴道镜检查及宫颈多点活检行组织病理学检查。细胞学诊断采用TBS（2001）分级报告系统,阳性诊断包括意义不明的不典型鳞状细胞（ASC-US）以上病变;本组细胞学阳性病例有组织病理诊断结果,并对两者进行了对照分析。结果15393例宫颈细胞学检查与组织病理学对照结果显示：7例鳞状细胞癌（SCC）均符合,高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）为93．6％（103／110）、低级别鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）为82．0％（443／540）。HPV—DAN阳性检出率与细胞学TBS分级及组织病理学分级正相关。结论应用液基细胞学制片方法、准确掌握TBS的诊断标准可确保宫颈细胞学检查的准确性。     

宫颈细胞学ASCUS/LSIL的临床意义及处理

目的探讨宫颈不典型鳞状上皮，低度鳞状上皮内病变（ASCUS／LSIL）的临床意义及处理方法。方法对中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2004～2006年妇科门诊用TCT（宫颈液基细胞学）的方法检出的254例ASCUS／LSIL以病理结果为金标准进行回顾性分析，其中136例进行了阴道镜检查。结果在140例ASCUS中，宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）病变占51．5％，其中高度病变占22．9％，114例LSIL中CIN病变占59．6％，其中高度病变占30．7％，两组资料比较差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。其中136例中阴道镜诊断炎症47例，低度宫颈上皮内病变53例，高度宫颈上皮内病变36例及病理检查结果炎症55例，低度宫颈上皮内病变41例，高度宫颈上皮内病变40例，阴道镜与病理对照进行了～致性检验，Kappa=0．314，U=0．064，P〈0．05，一致性好。病理证实人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）阳性的妇女中CIN发生率79％（67／84），而HPV阴性者中CIN发生率43．5％％（74／170），结果显示两组资料比较差异有统计学意义，X^2=29．88，P〈0．05。本组资料中年龄在35～55岁的妇女占83．5％与HPV阳性的妇女年龄高峰一致。结论对ASCUS的患者应与LSIL同样重视，立即进行阴道镜检查以避免22．9％的高度病变的患者漏诊或失访，对35～55岁的HPV感染的妇女应更加重视。     

TCT筛查中ASC-H的阴道镜检查及组织病理活检的对照研究

目的：探讨新柏氏液基细胞学检测（Thinprep cytologic test,TCT）在诊断非典型鳞状细胞、不除外高级别鳞状上皮内病变细胞（atypical squamous cells,cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,ASC-H）中的诊断意义及临床处理建议。方法：收集2009年1月至2013年3月TCT标本中诊断为ASC-H者118例,对ASC-H患者进行阴道镜检查和阴道镜下活检,最后分析阴道镜检查与阴道镜下组织病理活检结果的关系。结果：118例TCT诊断为ASC-H的患者行阴道镜检查,其中98例行病理活检诊断对照。病理诊断结果为黏膜慢性炎患者10例（10.2 %）,人乳头瘤病毒感染8例（8.2%）,宫颈上皮内瘤样病变I级（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I,CIN I）17例（17.3%）,CIN II 25例（25.5%）, CIN III 28例（28.6%）,浸润性鳞状细胞癌10例（10.2％）。结论：TCT筛查中如诊断为ASC-H,则高度提示宫颈鳞状上皮内瘤变的存在。ASC-H患者应该及时行阴道镜检查及阴道镜下活检以明确诊断,防止漏诊或过度诊断。     

Cytobrush sampling in conjunctival cytology

The cervical cytobrush was used to obtain samples from the temporal bulbar conjunctiva of normal and nonnormal eyes in 54 cases after application of local anesthesia. The cotton swab was also used. All samples were smeared on glass slides, fixed immediately and then stained by a routine Papanicolaou method. On microscopic examination plenty of well preserved cells were present in all smears sampled by the cervical cytobrush. On the contrary, all samples obtained by the cotton swab contained few cells, most of which showed degeneration. The cervical cytobrush is very useful to conjunctival cytology because it provides abundant cellular material and good cell preservation, using standard and simple preparatory methods.     

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis diagnosed by conventional cytology and liquid based cytology

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL; Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease) is a rare benign disorder. The diagnosis of HNL is established on recognizing the characteristic histologic findings from biopsy of the enlarged lymph nodes. Though diagnosis of HNL by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was reported, the characteristic fine-needle aspiration cytologic features with conventional cytology and a liquid based cytology test (LCT) have not been well documented. In this study, 42 cases of suspicious necrotic lymph nodes were subjected to cytology and biopsy diagnosis. The lymph nodes were aspirated using a 10 mL disposable syringe with the percutaneous ultrasound guided. Samples were used for conventional cytology and LCT. Among 42 cases of suspicious necrotic lymph nodes, 37 of cases were histologically confirmed as HNL; 3 of cases were hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue; 1 case was tuberculosis of lymph node, and 1 case was classical Hodgkin lymphoma (nodular sclerosis type). 31 out of 37 (83.8%) cases of HNL were diagnosed by conventional cytology, 33 out of 37 (89.2%) were diagnosed by LCT. Our results indicate that no significant difference on accuracy rate between conventional cytology and LCT, but LCT has its advantages in the diagnosis of HNL.     

Brush technique in ocular surface cytology

New techniques are being searched for the evaluation of cellular morphology and population of ocular surface. Impression cytology is one of the most preferred techniques in ocular surface sampling in dry eye, keratitis, and conjunctivitis. We evaluated and compared the efficacy of impression and brush cytology in 63 patients. All of the samples collected by the brush technique were sufficient for diagnosis: 88% of the slides revealed abundant cells and 12% adequate number of cells. In 21% of the samples observed by impression cytology the cell number was inadequate for diagnosis. In 58% of them the cells were abundant and in 21% few cells were observed. This study proved the value of brush cytology in collecting ocular surface cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 17:88–91, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Comparison of conventional Papanicolaou cytology samples with liquid-based cervical cytology samples from women in Pernambuco, Brazil

In the present study, we compared the performance of a ThinPrep cytological method with the conventional Papanicolaou test for diagnosis of cytopathological changes, with regard to unsatisfactory results achieved at the Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Pernambuco. A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed with women aged 18 to 65 years, who spontaneously sought gynecological services in Public Health Units in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, between April and November 2011. All patients in the study were given a standardized questionnaire on sociodemographics, sexual characteristics, reproductive practices, and habits. A total of 525 patients were assessed by the two methods (11.05% were under the age of 25 years, 30.86% were single, 4.4% had had more than 5 sexual partners, 44% were not using contraception, 38.85% were users of alcohol, 24.38% were smokers, 3.24% had consumed drugs previously, 42.01% had gynecological complaints, and 12.19% had an early history of sexually transmitted diseases). The two methods showed poor correlation (k=0.19; 95%CI=0.11–0.26; P<0.001). The ThinPrep method reduced the rate of unsatisfactory results from 4.38% to 1.71% (χ²=5.28; P=0.02), and the number of cytopathological changes diagnosed increased from 2.47% to 3.04%. This study confirmed that adopting the ThinPrep method for diagnosis of cervical cytological samples was an improvement over the conventional method. Furthermore, this method may reduce possible losses from cytological resampling and reduce obstacles to patient follow-up, improving the quality of the public health system in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil.     

Molecular testing in cytology

In the era of personalized medicine, molecular testing plays a critical role in patient care. The rapid advance of molecular techniques, especially next-generation sequencing, makes molecular diagnosis feasible in daily practice. Molecular testing can be used as a valuable ancillary test to increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, especially in small biopsy or cytology samples. In addition, molecular testing plays an important role in selecting patients for appropriate treatment by detecting therapeutic and predictive biomarkers in tissue or cytology samples. Molecular studies can be applied in all cytology samples, sometimes with better results than histology. As molecular testing has become essential for patient care and is often requested to be performed in cytology samples, it is critical for cytopathologists to understand the basics of molecular diagnostic methods, indications for molecular testing, and how to best utilize different cytologic samples for this purpose. In this special issue, experts in various areas of cytopathology and molecular pathology review the literature and discuss the basics of molecular techniques and the application of molecular testing in various types of cytology samples. It is our hope that after reading the articles in this special issue, the readers can know better about the possibilities of molecular cytology, a very exciting field of pathology.     

Percutaneous fine-needle cytology for lung cancer diagnosis

The authors have performed 1,758 needle cytology procedures since 1966 in cases suspected of lung cancer. The results of percutaneous aspiration fine-needle cytology in 232 patients with lung cancer lesions between January 1973 and August 1984 are discussed. Of the 232 cases, lung cancer was diagnosed in 211 cases by this needle cytology technique. This procedure was performed only in peripheral tumors. Positive diagnosis was obtained in 32 out of 36 cases (88.89%) of tumors less than 2 cm in diameter and 179 out 196 cases (91.33%) 2 cm or more in diameter. Twenty-one cases showed false-negative results for malignant diagnosis. There were two false-positive cases, which were resected on a diagnosis of lung cancer that was later revised to inflammatory lesions. The specimens were apparently obtained from areas of severely atypical squamous metaplastic cells. Among 1,758 procedures, 209 complications were observed. In conclusion, for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, percutaneous needle cytology yields a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and is safe, rapid, and economical.     

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of orbital meningiomas

Meningiomas are benign tumors derived from arachnoid cells. Most commonly they arise within the cranial cavity, but they may arise extracranially in various anatomic sites. We present four cases of orbital meningiomas diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and confirmed on histopathology. All the cases are presented with orbital mass. FNAC smears showed classical whorling and syncytial pattern of cells, withround to oval nucleus, inconspicuous nucleoli and one eachcase showed intranuclear inclusion and psammoma bodies. FNAC diagnosis of such lesions is difficult, because cytological features may mimic other soft tissue lesions located in orbital region. Awareness of this entity and its cytological appearance is important to allow correct diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The aspiration cytology of pulmonary hamartomas

Cytodiagnosis of pulmonary hamartomas (PHs) by transthoracic fine-needle aspiration (FNA), successful in 11 of a series of 14 cases, has been found to rely less on the presence of mature cartilage than on the recognition of fibromyxoid fragments. These fragments, wispy yet discrete, consisting of variable numbers of fibroblasts embedded in fibrillary ground substance, can be distinguished from fibrous tissue and mucus, both of which they may resemble. Mature cartilage is distinctive when present, but it is seen in a minority of cases. Bronchial cells and adipocytes, integral components of PHs, are of no diagnostic value unless associated with fibromyxomatous tissue or cartilage. Chest wall "contaminants" that may cause pitfalls in diagnosis, such as bone, skeletal muscle, and fibrous tissue, are described and illustrated. The differential diagnosis of biphasic lesions containing epithelial cells and mesenchyme, including dermoids and blastomas, is discussed. With knowledge of the radiologic appearance of target lesions, confident cytodiagnosis of PHs is possible if attention is paid to subtle, yet specific, background features in aspirated material.     

Application of impression cytology to the diagnosis of conjunctival neoplasms

Conjunctival impression cytology using cellulose acetate filter paper was employed to obtain multiple samples of conjunctival epithelium from 192 normal and abnormal eyes. Modifications of an established technique were used and the impressions were stained by the Papanicolaou method and mounted on glass slides. The impressions were examined for their effectiveness in demonstrating the morphological characteristics of normal epithelium and the features of the more common conjunctival neoplasms. The technique was found to be successful at both removing cells and preserving cytologic features. It also had several advantages over other collection techniques. Overlapping cells were not a detrimental feature of the preparations from this study. Diagn Cytopathol 1994;11:246–249. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Aspiration cytology of primary thyroid paraganglioma

Thyroid paragangliomas are extremely rare tumors arising from the inferior laryngeal paraganglia. Most patients are female and present as asymptomatic thyroid nodule. Diagnosing thyroid paraganglioma can be difficult on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) since it could be misdiagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinoma, calcitonin‐negative neuroendocrine tumor of the thyroid gland (CNNETT), metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, and intrathyroid parathyroid proliferation. We describe the cytologic features and immunohistochemical staining pattern of thyroid paraganglioma from a 60‐year‐old woman with a gradually enlarging neck mass for several months. An ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration was performed which revealed epithelioid, plasmacytoid to occasionally spindle‐shaped cells with ovoid to elongated nuclei, fine chromatin pattern and inconspicuous nucleoli. The cells were arranged singly, in sheets, and focally in acinar pattern. Occasional nuclear overlapping, crush artifact, and binucleated cells were identified. Neither colloid nor amyloid was seen. Immunohistochemical stains performed on the cell block showed the tumor cells were positive for neuroendocrine markers and negative for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), calcitonin, CEA, thyroglobulin, and TTF‐1. There were rare S‐100 positive cells. Given the difference in management of paragangliomas compared to its cytology mimics and association with familial cancer syndromes in some cases, awareness of this rare tumor, and use of immunohistochemical stains are critical in arriving at the diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:838–843. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.