牙周炎患者龈组织中的自氧化作用与临床指数的相关性研究

目的：探讨内源性超氧基（Ｏ２）损伤在慢性成人牙周炎（ＡＰ）发生发展过程中的作用。方法：采用化学发光法,氧化法和比色法对４２例ＡＰ患者龈组织中的超氧基（Ｏ２）超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和过氧化脂质产物（ＭＤＡ）含量进行测定,并将反映自氧化作用的ＳＯＤ,ＭＤＡ与临床指数进行直线相关及多元线形回归分析。结果;实验组与对照组Ｏ２,ＳＯＤ,ＭＤＡ活性水平有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．００１）,ＳＯＤ与周袋深度（Ｐ     

氧自由基在牙周炎患者龈组织中作用的研究

选择１８例成人牙周炎（ＡＰ）患者，取同一研究对象的牙周病变龈组织（实验组）和健康龈组织（对照组），制成组织匀浆，取上清液，测定超氧自由基（Ｏ－２）和两项目自由基损伤指标：超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）。采用开放型双向序贯ｔ检验。结果表明：两组（Ｏ－２）、ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ水平明显差异，实验组（Ｏ－２）、ＭＤＡ水平高于对照组，ＳＯＤ水平低于对照组。提示：自由基参与牙周组织病变过程。     

牙周炎患者龈下菌斑与口臭相关性的研究

目的　了解口臭与牙周炎患者龈下菌斑组成的关系。方法　用H2S测定仪Halimeter与专业医师鼻测两种方法对210例牙周炎患者进行口气测定,选取符合纳入标准的20例口臭患者作为实验组,另随机选取10例无口臭的牙周炎患者作为对照组。收集两组患者邻面间隙的颈缘菌斑和龈下菌斑行刚果红负性染色及厌氧培养,对培养出的主要细菌作分离及鉴定。所有实验结果采用SPSS 10.0进行统计学分析。结果　①两组患者的菌斑指数、牙龈出血指数、牙周袋深度无显著性差异。②两组患者邻面间隙的颈缘菌斑和龈下菌斑中螺旋体所占百分比均有显著性差异。③两组患者邻面间隙的颈缘菌斑及龈下菌斑中的细菌检出量均无显著性差异。④两组患者邻面间隙的颈缘菌斑及龈下菌斑中主要细菌的检出率均无显著差异;与口臭相关的细菌(牙龈卟啉单胞菌、韦荣菌和二氧化碳噬纤维菌)的构成比在邻面间隙的颈缘菌斑中为实验组显著高于对照组,而在龈下菌斑中两组无显著差异。结论　并非所有的牙周炎患者均有口臭;牙周炎患者邻面间隙的颈缘菌斑中细菌的构成比与口臭的关系更密切。     

牙周炎患者龈沟液和龈组织PGE2水平相关性的研究

为探讨龈沟液（ＧＣＦ）ＰＧＥ２含量与龈组织含量的关系，用放射免疫法测定了１５名成人牙周炎患者２０个部位ＧＣＦ和相应部位牙龈组织ＰＧＥ２含量．结果表明ＰＧＥ２含量：ＧＣＦ中为６９．２５±１７．２２ｐｇ／μｌ，相应牙龈组织为２２７．４７±３５．２２ｐｇ／ｍｇ湿重组织，ＧＣＦＰＧＥ２含量与相应龈组织ＰＧＥ２含量呈明显的正相关（ｒ＝０．９１９６，Ｐ＜０．０５）．提示ＧＣＦ中ＰＧＥ２含量可反映出龈组织ＰＧＥ２水平，为ＰＧＥ２在牙周病发病机制、病程进展、疗效判定等研究中提供了一敏感、无创伤、可反复取样、简单易行的可靠方法．     

精氨酸酶Ⅰ基因型与慢性牙周炎、冠心病的相关性研究

目的：探讨精氨酸酶Ⅰ（ArgⅠ）rs2781666 G／T 基因型与中重度慢性牙周炎（MSP）、冠心病（CHD）易感性的关系。方法：收集 MSP 患者50例（MSP 组）、CHD 患者46例（CHD 组）、MSP 伴 CHD 患者42例（MSP ＋CHD 组）与50例同族健康对照组（HC）的颊黏膜拭子,提取 DNA,采用聚合酶反应－限制性片段长度多态性法（PCR-PFLP）对 ArgⅠrs2781666 G／T 位点的基因型进行检测,比较其在4组间检出率的差别。结果：ArgⅠ rs2781666等位基因 T 在 CHD 组中的检出率显著高于健康组,在其余各组间无统计学意义。结论：ArgⅠrs2781666等位基因 T 可能是 CHD 的一个易感基因。     

大鼠实验性牙周炎龈组织中过氧化氢酶含量的研究

目的:研究过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)在实验性牙周炎大鼠牙龈组织中的含量变化和密度变化,并探讨CAT与牙周炎之间的关系.方法:选用40 只健康的Sprague-Dawley大鼠,随机分为实验组和对照组(各20 只),实验组建立大鼠牙周炎的动物模型,对照组常规饲养,造模术后4 周和8 周处死.采用紫外分光光度计测定大鼠牙龈组织中CAT含量,并观察牙周组织的组织学变化.结果:造模术后4 周和8 周时,牙周炎组牙龈组织中CAT含量明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01);术后8 周牙龈组织CAT含量明显低于术后4 周(P<0.01).同时,术后4 周和8 周实验组与对照组比较牙槽骨的吸收程度明显增加.结论:牙龈组织中CAT的活性与牙周炎的进展有关.     

牙周炎龈组织肿瘤坏死因子α的含量及其与牙周炎的关系

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）与牙周炎的关系。方法 通过放免法测定正常龈组织及牙周炎龈组织TNF-α含量,并分析其与GCF、PD及BI的关系。结果 牙周炎组TNF-α含量显著高于正常组,且与GCF、PD及BI间存在相关性。结论 TNF-α参与了牙周病变过程,并与牙周组织破坏有关。     

牙周炎患者健康部位与病变部位龈下菌群细菌学研究

本研究着重比较牙周炎患者病变部位与健康部位龈下菌群的细菌组成差异,寻找优势菌及其相互关系.结果显示血链球菌是健康部位主要优势菌,血链球菌与产黑色素G~-厌氧杆菌部位百分比呈负相关,牙周可疑致病菌之间呈正相关关系.比较同一患者病变部位与健康部位龈下菌群变化,对研究牙周微生态环境有指导意义.     

牙周致病菌在冠心病患者龈下菌斑中的分布

目的:分析牙周致病菌在冠心病患者龈下菌斑中的分布情况,及冠心病患者龈下菌斑中牙周致病菌的分布与慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)病变程度之间的关系。方法:收集44例患冠心病并伴有CP患者的龈下菌斑,采用Chelex-100法提取细菌DNA,以聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)法检测龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)、伴放线菌嗜血菌(Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans,Ha)、具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn)、中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi)、福赛斯坦纳菌(Tannerella forsythensis,Tf)五种牙周炎相关致病菌。结果:44例冠心病患者的龈下菌斑中各牙周致病菌的检出率分别为:Pg 19(43.18%)、Ha 9(20.45%)、Pi 27(61.36%)、Fn 38(86.36%)、Tf 41(93.18%);轻度CP患者1例,Fn 1例(100%);中度CP患9例,其中Pg6(66.67%)、Ha 2(22.22%)、Pi 7(77.78%)、Fn 9(100%)、Tf 8(88.89%);重度CP患者34例,其中Pg13(38.24%)、Ha 7(20.59%)、Pi 20(58.82%)、Fn 28(82.35%)、Tf 33(97%)。结论:Tf、Fn可能在冠心病的发生发展中起着重要作用,冠心病患者中CP的发病和进展可能有其特定的细菌学病因。     

牙周炎患者龈沟液和龈组织中IL—8的测定

采用ELISA间接夹心法测定了23名成人牙周炎患者34个患牙龈沟液中的IL-8.并用免疫组织化学法对相应的炎性龈组织进行检测.结果表明IL-8与牙周炎症密切相关,牙周炎龈沟液(GCF)中IL-8检出率为88.24%.IL-8含量范围为0.006～2.772ng/μl.其含量与牙龈指数相关非常显著,与牙周袋深度相关显著,与附着丧失、菌班指数无明显相关.炎性龈组织切片染色表明龈上皮组织和胶原组织中含有大量的阳性染色,从组织学上证明了GCF中IL-8的来源.提示IL-8可能在牙周炎发病机制中起着重要作用.     

超氧化物歧化酶与牙周病的关系

目的探讨超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脂质过氧化物（LPO）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）与牙周组织疾病的关系。方法选择了8例单纯性龈炎、8例青少年牙周炎、8例快速进展性牙周炎、14例成人．牙周炎、50例健康对照者。分别采用放射免疫测定法（双抗体法），硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）比色法和比色法检测血清中SOD、LPO和GPx含量。结果血清中SOD活性及LPO含量牙周病各组均明显高于对照组（P＜0．01），血清中GPx活性牙周病各组与对照组之间比较均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论血清中SOD活性与牙周病密切相关。     

高原低氧环境对兔牙周炎模型血清和牙龈组织中超氧化物歧化酶活力的影响

目的观察高原低氧和平原常氧环境下兔牙周炎动物模型中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活力情况,以探讨高原牙周病的发病机制。方法选取40只雄性白兔随机分为4组,即常氧对照组、常氧实验组（牙周炎动物模型）、低氧对照组、低氧实验组（牙周炎动物模型）。采用正畸结扎丝结扎下颌中切牙与牙周炎食谱的方法建立牙周炎动物模型。动态观察动物体重变化,实验8周后,检测各组动物牙周各项临床指标和血清、牙龈组织中的总SOD活力。结果8周时,与低氧对照组和常氧实验组相比,低氧实验组的总SOD活力下降（P＜0.05）,体重和牙周临床指标存在统计学差异（P＜0.01）。血清及牙龈组织中总SOD活力与附着丧失（AL）呈负相关（r值分别为-0.980和-0.804,P<0.01）,血清与牙龈组织中总SOD活力呈正相关（r=0.846,P<0.01）。结论高原低氧环境对全身生长状态和生物转化平衡会产生一定的影响,全身和局部的SOD活力明显下降,使机体尤其是局部牙周组织产生的大量超氧自由基堆积,加重了牙周组织的破坏。     

口腔扁平苔藓患者组织中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化脂质的测定及意义

为探讨内源性氧自由基损伤在口腔扁平苔藓（ＯＬＰ）发生发展过程中的作用，作者分别采用化学发光法和比色法对４２例ＯＬＰ患者组织中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量进行了研究。结果显示：①总体上看，ＯＬＰ组与正常组（３０例）相比，ＳＯＤ活性相差虽无统计学意义，但其均数是升高的，其中糜烂型（１４例）升高不如非糜烂型（２８例）明显；②ＯＬＰ组组织中ＬＰＯ含量及ＬＰＯ／ＳＯＤ比值与正常组相比差异不大；③糜烂型ＯＬＰ患者ＬＰＯ值、ＬＰＯ／ＳＯＤ比值均明显高于正常组和非糜烂型ＯＬＰ组；④非糜烂型ＯＬＰ组ＬＰＯ值较正常组降低。这些结果似可说明，在ＯＬＰ发生发展的不同阶段，ＳＯＤ和ＬＰＯ呈动态变化。     

Analysis of superoxide dismutase activity levels in gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls

OBJECTIVES: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that acts against superoxide, an oxygen radical, released in inflammatory pathways and causes connective tissue breakdown. In this study, SOD activities in gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and periodontally healthy controls were compared. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six CP patients and 18 controls were studied. In patients, teeth with moderate-to-severe periodontal breakdown and > or =5 mm pockets that required full-thickness flap surgery in the right or left maxillary quadrant, and in controls, teeth scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were studied. After the clinical measurements (probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, plaque index), GCF samples were collected. Tissue samples were harvested from the same teeth, during flap operation in patients and immediately after tooth extraction in controls. SOD activities were spectrophotometrically assayed.The results were statistically analysed. RESULTS: Gingival SOD activity was significantly higher in the CP group than in controls (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in GCF SOD activity between the groups (p>0.05). Correlations between gingival and GCF SOD activities were not statistically significant in CP and control groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In CP, SOD activity seems to increase in gingiva, probably as a result of a higher need for SOD activity and protection in gingiva in CP than in periodontal health, while not significantly changing in GCF, suggesting a weak SOD activity in GCF in periodontal disease state. The weak correlation between gingival and GCF SOD activities suggests distinct actions of these SODs.     

血管内皮生长因子在正常与牙周炎牙龈组织中的表达差异研究

目的 检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在正常与牙周炎的牙龈组织中的表达差异。方法 采用免疫组化PV两步法,检测VEGF在20例健康成人与20例慢性中重度牙周炎患者的牙龈组织中的表达差异。结果 健康组牙龈组织VEGF表达局限于上皮的颗粒层与部分棘层,其下方的结缔组织呈弱阳性表达,实验组牙龈组织上皮全层及结缔组织均呈强阳性表达,实验组VEGF表达高于健康组,两组之间的差异具有统计学意义(上皮区P<0.01,结缔组织区P<0.05)。结论 VEGF可能参与了牙周炎牙周袋壁龈组织的病理改变过程,在牙周炎发生发展及修复机制中可能具有重要意义。     

重度慢性牙周炎治疗前后唾液总抗氧化水平和过氧化物岐化酶变化的研究

目的：比较重度慢性牙周炎患者与牙周健康人群牙周治疗前后唾液中总抗氧化水平（total antioxidant sta-tus TAS）和过氧化物岐化酶（superoxide dismutase SOD）的变化,评估这两项指标作为牙周炎诊断及治疗评价的可行性。方法：根据重度慢性牙周炎诊断标准选择15例患者作为实验组,选择牙周健康者15例作为对照组。对两组病例分别进行牙周治疗,并提取治疗前及治疗后1周、1月、3月唾液,进行TAS和SOD检测,对结果进行统计学分析。结果：实验组牙周治疗后TAS明显降低,随时间延长略有回升并保持恒定。对照组TAS治疗术后立即降低,但随时间延长很快升高。两组SOD活性在牙周治疗后均显著降低,3个月后则明显升高,显示了相似的变化。但实验组在各个时间点上所检测的数值明显低于对照组。结论：重度慢性牙周炎患者TAS明显高于牙周健康人群,SOD活性则明显低于牙周健康人群,提示这两项指标可以作为牙周炎诊断指标及治疗效果评价指标。     

Total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in post-menopausal women with chronic periodontitis

OBJECTIVES: Menopause has been linked with oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant (AO) defence. A connection has been established between menopause and certain periodontal conditions. The objective of this study is to compare serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in post-menopausal patients with chronic periodontitis (PMCP) with those of pre-menopausal chronic periodontitis patients (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two PMCP patients, 31 CP patients, 25 post-menopausal periodontally healthy controls (PMPH) and 26 pre-menopausal controls (PH) were studied. After clinical measurements and samplings, serum and GCF TAOC and SOD concentrations were established in turn using an automated TAOC assay and spectrophotometric end point measurement. The results were analysed statistically. RESULTS: Serum and GCF TAOC and SOD concentrations were significantly lower in menopause and periodontitis (p<0.05). The lowest values were in the PMCP group, whereas the highest values were in the PH group. While the effect of menopause was more evident in serum antioxidant analysis, the effect of periodontitis was observed to be more apparent in GCF. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in systemic and local AO defence was observed owing to both menopause and periodontitis. The lowest AO values in the PMCP group suggest that menopause may be a risk factor for periodontitis.     

Relationship between clinical parameters and cytokine profiles in inflamed gingival tissue and serum samples from patients with chronic periodontitis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the relation between clinical parameters and concentrations of the key (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10) cytokines, important in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases, within inflamed gingival tissues and serum samples from patients with severe chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with severe chronic periodontitis, who had sites with probing depths (PD) > 5 mm, and 25 periodontally healthy persons were included in the study. Clinical examinations including PD, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, and bleeding index were performed before periodontal treatment. Gingival tissue biopsies were collected from one active site of each patient and from healthy individuals, and blood samples were withdrawn on the day of tissue biopsy. The concentrations of cytokines were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the relationship between their profiles in situ and in circulation with clinical parameters was analysed. RESULTS: The concentrations of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma were, on average, significantly higher in serum samples and gingival tissue biopsies from periodontitis patients than in healthy controls. However, serum samples from both groups showed high individual variability of cytokine profiles, and no association between cytokine concentrations and clinical parameters of periodontitis was found. On the contrary, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in both kinds of samples obtained from patients and controls were generally low or even undetectable, and remained, on average, on the same level. However, the frequency of IL-4 (88% positive samples) and IL-10 (72%) was much higher in healthy gingival tissues. High concentrations of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-2 and, especially, a high ratio of IL-1beta/IL-10 and TNF-alpha/IL-4 found in tissue biopsies from periodontitis patients, strongly correlated with the severity of periodontitis. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that high variability of cytokine concentrations and low frequency of their detection in serum samples from periodontitis patients make these determinations useless for the detection of disease presence and/or its severity. In contrast, high absolute levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IFN-gamma and, especially their high ratios to IL-4 and IL-10 found in inflamed tissue biopsies, were closely associated with periodontal disease severity.     

Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy

Background:  Recent data have demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and oxidative stress in periodontitis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are both increased during oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study examined SOD concentration, total oxidative status (TOS) and MDA levels in periodontal patients and investigated the longitudinal effect of periodontal therapy on the index levels of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients.
Methods:  Serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from 48 CP patients and 35 healthy control subjects prior to, as well as after 16 weeks following non-surgical post-periodontal therapy. MDA, TOS and SOD and clinical parameters were determined pre- and post-therapy.
Results:  The levels of TOS and SOD values were significantly higher in the CP group than in the control group (p < 0.05), but only MDA in GCF. Post-periodontal therapy, serum, saliva and GCF TOS and SOD levels significantly decreased compared to basal levels (p < 0.05), but only MDA in GCF.
Conclusions:  LPO was higher in the periodontal region, with TOS and SOD increasing both locally and peripherally. Non-surgical therapy can restore and control the subject antioxidant capacity by locally and systemically modifying the levels of MDA, TOS and SOD.