PSA,PSAD诊断前列腺癌的临床意义

采用放射免疫分析方法测定２０例前腺癌病人的血清前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）和前列腺特异抗原密度（ＰＳＡＤ），以３８例前列腺增生症作为对照，评价二者对前列腺癌的诊断价值，探讨其与临床分期和病理分级的关系。结果ＰＳＡ界限值定为４μｇ／Ｌ时，其诊断敏感度为８５．０％，特异度为３９．５％，准确度为５５．２％。ＰＳＡ界限值为１０μｇ／Ｌ时，敏感度８０．０％，特异度７６．３％，准确度为７７．６％。用ＰＳＡＤ诊断前列腺癌，敏感度为８５．０％，特异度为７８．９％，准确度为８１．０％。结果显示ＰＳＡＤ可更有效地诊断前列腺癌。ＰＳＡ与临床分期成正相关，而ＰＳＡＤ与临床分期成负相关。ＰＳＡ与病理分级有一定关系。     

前列腺疾病诊断中血清游离态PSA指标的应用价值

目的探讨血清游离态ＰＳＡ（ＦＰＳＡ）和总ＰＳＡ（ＴＰＳＡ）及游离态／总（Ｆ／Ｔ）ＰＳＡ比值作为前列腺疾病诊断指标的价值。方法测定５６例未经治疗的ＢＰＨ病人和３９例前列腺癌病人血清ＦＰＳＡ和ＴＰＳＡ,并计算Ｆ／Ｔ比值。结果ＴＰＳＡ及Ｆ／Ｔ可有效区分ＢＰＨ和前列腺癌（Ｐ＜０．００５）,尤其在诊断灰区（ＴＰＳＡ为４．０～１０．０μｇ／Ｌ）中效果更明显。以ＴＰＳＡ≤１０．０μｇ／Ｌ,Ｆ／Ｔ≥０．１６为界值时,前列腺癌筛选的临床概率敏感度为９４．７％。结论ＦＰＳＡ和Ｆ／Ｔ比值的引入,使血清ＰＳＡ测定更为精细,保持了实验的高敏感度,尤其是在前列腺癌的诊断灰区     

PSA及PSAD测定对前列腺癌的诊断价值

应用双抗体夹心酶标免疫法对无选择性２０１例无明显良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）症状的４５岁以上男性进行血清前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）及前列腺特异抗原密度（ＰＳＡＤ）测定，并以慢性前列腺炎１４例，ＢＰＨ已作前列腺切除１１例作为对照。结果发现：ＰＳＡ随年龄增大而增高，至７０岁以后未再继续增高。ＰＳＡ＞４μｇ／Ｌ者２２例，其中１１例在Ｂ超引导下作前列腺穿刺活检，１０例为ＢＰＨ，１例为前列腺癌。ＰＳＡ及ＰＳＡＤ对鉴别ＢＰＨ与前列腺癌价值不大，ＢＰＨ手术后ＰＳＡ逐步下降至正常     

前列腺体积对前列腺特异抗原的影响

目的：研究前列腺特异怕（ＰＳＡ）与前列腺增生腺体体积的关系及其在前列腺癌（ＰＣａ）诊断中的价值。方法：７５例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者根据其ＰＳＡ〉或≤４μｇ／Ｌ分为两组,另有２５例ＰＣａ患者,术后用放射免疫法测定血清ＰＳＡ《所有患者经Ｂ超测出前列腺体积,用ｔ检验和相关分析研究各组间的差异及相关性。结果：ＰＳＡ〉４μｇ／Ｌ的ＢＰＨ较之ＰＳＡ≤４μｇ／Ｌ者,腺体体积显著增大且ＰＳＡ和ＰＳＡ密度（ＰＳ     

SPECT与PSA联合检测诊断前列腺癌的临床意义

目的：探讨放射性核素骨显像与血清前列腺特异抗原联合检测在前列腺癌诊断中的临床意义。方法;采用单光子发射型计算机断层摄影术骨显像及血清ＰＳＡ浓度检测诊断ＰＣａ患者６３例。结果：６３例ＰＣａ患者中,血清ＰＳＡ测定阳性率为９６．８３％,ＳＰＥＣＴ骨显像转移率为５７．１４％。结论：ＳＰＥＣＴ骨显像与血清ＰＳＡ浓度联合检测对于ＰＣａ患者的临床诊断及治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

游离与总PSA比值——一种前列腺癌检测的可靠指标

用放射免疫方法测定１１７例前列腺疾病患者血清游离ＰＳＡ（ＦＰＳＡ）、总ＰＳＡ（ＴＰＳＡ）值，并计算游离与总ＰＳＡ比值（Ｆ／Ｔ比值）。其中前列腺癌３１例，前列腺增生８６例。结果显示：Ｆ／Ｔ比值前列腺癌组明显低于前列腺增生组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。认为Ｆ／Ｔ比值可用于区别前列腺癌与前列腺增生，尤其当ＰＳＡ水平限定在４～１０μｇ／Ｌ范围内，应用Ｆ／Ｔ比值较ＰＳＡ为优     

PSA作为筛选前列腺癌瘤标的几点体会

为了进一步提高前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）筛选前列腺癌的准确性，分析了自１９９３年１月～１９９５年８月经病理学诊断的５６例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）和３０例前列腺癌的病例资料。结果显示，当肿瘤阳性筛选界值为１０．０μｇ／Ｌ时检出肿瘤的灵敏性为６０％，特异性为９０％；前列腺体积和急性尿潴留可显著影响ＰＳＡ值。ＢＰＨ组中１７例（３０．４％）ＰＳＡ超过１０．０μｇ／Ｌ，前列腺癌组中４例（１３．３％）ＰＳＡ低于１０．０μｇ／Ｌ，１例（３．３％）低于２．６μｇ／Ｌ（参考正常值上界）。结合前列腺大小，以及是否合并其它病理状态等分析，可提高ＰＳＡ检出肿瘤的灵敏性；对界值以下的ＢＰＨ患者应密切随访，据年度ＰＳＡ增长率等对可疑病例作前列腺穿刺活检，直至前列腺切除术，以提高前列腺癌的早期诊断率。     

射精对血清中总PSA和游离PSA的影响

为了阐明射精对血清前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）的影响，对２２例年龄５１～６７岁，总ＰＳＡ（ｔＰＳＡ）持续低于４μｇ／Ｌ，无前列腺癌病史的男性，禁欲５天后排精，并分别于射精后１、６和２４小时接受血清ｔＰＳＡ和游离ＰＳＡ（ｆＰＳＡ）的测定，以禁欲时的测得值为...     

血清PSA、f-PSAR与前列腺重量相关性研究

目的：探讨前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）人群中前列腺重量（ＰＷ）与血清前列划抗原（ＰＳＡ）、血清液离前腺特异抗原百分率（ｆ－ＰＳＡＲ）的相关性,方法：术前测定１４６例ＢＰＨ患者血清ＰＳＡ〈其中５１例测定了血清游离前列腺特异抗原值,对血清ＰＳＡ〉１０μｇ／Ｌ患者行前列腺穿刺活检以排除前列腺癌,术后对前列腺手术标本进行称重,并按〈２５ｇ,２５￣５０ｇ、５１￣７５ｇ、〉７５ｇ分为４组,均经病理证实为ＢＰＨ,对忾     

血清PSA密度在前列腺活检中的意义

目的 探讨血清ＰＳＡ密度（ＰＳＡＤ）在前列腺活检中的意义。方法 对１７３例血清ＰＳＡ升高，有阳性直肠指诊或异常直肠Ｂ超发现者，进行了前列腺活检。对血清ＰＳＡＤ与前列腺活检的关系进行分析。结果 １７３例活检的前列腺肿瘤阳性率为５０．３％（８７／１７３），其中前列腺癌８４例，肉瘤２例，移行细胞癌１例，当血清ＰＳＡ为４～２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，ＰＳＡＤ〈０．１５时，其敏感性和特异性分别为１００．０％和０．０％；     

Effect of NIH-IV prostatitis on free and free-to-total PSA

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of asymptomatic prostatic inflammation (NIH category IV prostatitis) on total PSA (tPSA), free serum PSA (fPSA) and the ratio of free-to-total prostate specific antigen (%fPSA). The role of free and %fPSA as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing between cancer and non-malignant diseases of the prostate was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study 1090 prostate biopsies performed between January 2000 and September 2003 were evaluated and the levels of serum total and free PSA as well as the f/tPSA ratio were determined in samples obtained immediately before biopsy. 404 patients with full clinical and histological records were included in the study. All patients underwent 6 or 8 core primary prostate needle biopsies. RESULTS: A total of 404 patients were included in the analysis. 100 prostate cancer (PCa) (24.8%), 137 NIH-IV prostatitis (33.9%) and 143 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasias (BPH) (35.4%) were identified. 24 (5.9%) patients presented with both PCa and prostatitis on histology and were excluded from further analysis. The mean (median) levels of tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA were 11.94 ng/ml (8.0), 1.31 ng/ml (1.07) and 0.15 (0.14) for NIH-IV prostatitis; 11.94 ng/ml (8.35), 1.54 ng/ml and 0.13 (0.11) for prostate cancer; and 8.19 ng/ml (7.0), 1.48 ng/ml (1.03) and 0.18 (0.15) for BPH. No significant difference was found in tPSA levels between PCa and prostatitis (p = 0.32), while the difference in tPSA levels between PCa and BPH was significant (p = 0.007). Free PSA alone had no diagnostic power in distinguishing PCa from prostatitis (p = 0. 37) and BPH (p = 0. 61). By contrast, the f/tPSA ratio showed significant between-group differences (PCa versus prostatitis (p = 0. 011), PCa versus BPH (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic asymptomatic prostatitis NIH category IV has similar effects on total PSA and free PSA levels in serum as PCa. fPSA alone cannot distinguish prostate cancer from non-malignant inflammatory disease of the prostate. The ratio of free-to-total PSA is significantly different in PCa and NIH category IV prostatitis.     

结合前列腺特异性抗原在前列腺癌诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨结合前列腺特异性抗原(cPSA)在前列腺癌中的临床诊断意义。方法用化学发光免疫分析法检测前列腺癌(Pca)25例,前列腺增生(BPH)30例及正常对照组30例的血清总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)、cPSA和游离前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA)的浓度;计算f/tPSA比值并对tPSA、f/tPSA、cPSA进行统计学比较和ROC曲线分析。结果cPSA、tPSA在BPH组、Pca组分别与正常对照组比较均存在显著性差异(p<0.005),若以cPSA15.75ng/ml作为截断点诊断Pca,其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、实验有效率各参数均比较理想,分别为79.17%,92.86%,90.48%,88.46%。另tPSA,cPSA,fPSA三者在ROC曲线下的面积分别为tPSA>cPSA>f/tPSA。结论cPSA在鉴别前列腺增生和前列腺癌中具有较大的临床价值,建议临床以cPSA15.75ng/ml作为截断点,这能大幅度地提高cPSA对前列腺癌的检出率,减少或避免不必要的前列腺活检。     

fPSA/tPSA比值优化前列腺癌早期诊断作用的研究

目的 :探讨游离前列腺特异性抗原 /总前列腺特异性抗原 (fPSA/tPSA)比值在优化tPSA早期诊断前列腺癌(PCa)中的作用。　方法 :以长春市 5 0岁以上PCa集团普查中tPSA在 4 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg/L范围、并接受前列腺活检的1 87例受检者为研究对象 ,测定tPSA、fPSA含量 ,应用SPSS 1 0 .0软件对不同区间fPSA/tPSA比值进行统计学分析。结果 :①tPSA在 4 .0～ 1 0 .0 μg/L、1 0 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg/L区间时 ,PCa检出率分别为1 8.1 %、2 2 .5 %。②ROC曲线分析显示不同区间时fPSA/tPSA比值的曲线下面积 (AUC)均大于tPSA (P <0 .0 5 )。③fPSA/tPSA比值取 0 .2 5为界值时 ,tPSA在 4 .0～ 1 0 .0 μg/L、1 0 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg/L两区间诊断PCa的敏感度分别为90 .5 %和 87.5 % ,可以分别避免 2 6 .7%和 1 1 .3%的人群进行活检。　结论 :在集团普查中 ,fPSA/tPSA比值在tPSA为 4 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg/L时可以提高检测PCa的特异性 ,减少不必要的活检。     

Predictors of prostate cancer on repeat prostatic biopsy in men with serum total prostate-specific antigen between 4.1 and 10 ng/mL

OBJECTIVES: We determine whether the different molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and other PSA variables can predict prostate cancer in men undergoing repeat prostate needle biopsy. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2001, repeat biopsy was performed in 97 patients who had undergone prior negative prostate biopsy. The ability of total PSA (tPSA), complexed PSA (cPSA), free PSA (fPSA), free-to-total PSA (fPSA/tPSA), free-to-complexed PSA (fPSA/cPSA), complexed-to-total PSA (cPSA/tPSA), tPSA density (tPSAD), cPSA density (cPSAD), transition zone tPSA density (tPSATZ) and transition zone cPSA density (cPSATZ) was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyzes as well as receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Prostate cancer on repeat biopsy was detected in 24% of subjects (23 of 97) who had a negative initial biopsy. The PSA parameters cut-off to ensure a 96% sensitivity of cancer detection, were 29% using fPSA/tPSA, 32% using fPSA/cPSA, 0.18 ng/mL/cc using tPSATZ and 0.16 ng/mL/cc using cPSATZ. The fPSA/tPSA would have prevented 32% of negative biopsies, the fPSA/cPSA 28%, the tPSATZ 23% and the cPSATZ 30%. ROC curve analysis fPSA/tPSA, fPSA/cPSA ratios, tPSATZ and cPSATZ were significantly better predictors of repeat biopsy results than tPSA or cPSA, but there was no significant difference in the ROC curves among these four PSA parameters. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis these four PSA parameters were significant predictors for cancer detection in the repeat biopsy group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: fPSA/tPSA ratio, fPSA/cPSA ratio, tPSATZ and cPSATZ enhance the specificity of PSA testing compared to tPSA or cPSA when determining which patients should undergo repeat biopsy.     

A multicenter clinical trial on the use of alpha1-antichymotrypsin-prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer diagnosis

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the clinical performance of alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin prostate-specific antigen (PSA-ACT) for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in a multicenter trial. METHODS: Three hundred sixty-seven white men with PCa and 290 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with tPSA concentrations between 2 and 20 microg/L were analyzed. The Elecsys system 2010 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) was used for determination of total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA). The PSA-ACT test was a prototype assay used on the ES system (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: The median concentrations of tPSA (PCa: 8.43 microg/L vs. BPH: 6.60 microg/L) and PSA-ACT (8.30 microg/L vs. 6.46 microg/L) were significantly different, respectively. The median ratios of fPSA/tPSA (PCa: 12% vs. BPH: 16%) and PSA-ACT/tPSA (98% vs. 95%) were significantly different. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for discrimination between PCa and BPH (tPSA between 2 and 20 microg/L) was performed with 252 matched pairs and showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the ratio fPSA/tPSA (0.66) was significantly different from tPSA (0.50) and PSA-ACT (0.52). PSA-ACT alone or the ratio PSA-ACT/tPSA (0.56) were not significantly different from tPSA. For tPSA between 4 and 10 microg/L (n = 145 pairs), the AUC of the ratio fPSA/tPSA (0.65) was significantly higher than tPSA (0.50) and PSA-ACT (0.54). Significant differences between tPSA and PSA-ACT or PSA-ACT/tPSA (0.56) were not found. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of PSA-ACT as well as the PSA-ACT/tPSA ratio did not improve the diagnostic impact in patients undergoing evaluation for PCa compared to fPSA/tPSA ratio.     

f/t PSA比值、PSA密度、PSA移行带密度在tPSA灰区前列腺偶发癌诊断中的意义

【摘要】 目的： 探讨血清f/t PSA比值、PSA密度、PSA移行带密度在tPSA位于灰区时前列腺癌诊断中的意义。方法： tPSA位于4～10ng/ml的前列腺增生患者112例,术前经前列腺穿刺活检均证实为前列腺增生,行TURP术后病理证实21例为前列腺偶发癌患者。回顾性分析该21例前列腺偶发癌患者和其余前列腺增生患者间的血清f/t PSA比值、PSA密度、PSA移行带密度,并进行统计学分析,以了解其在tPSA灰区前列腺偶发癌诊断中的意义。结果：前列腺偶发癌组和BPH组血清f/t PSA比值分别为0.13±0.03、0.21±0.04;PSAD分别为0.20±0.05 ng/ml2 、0.12±0.04 ng/ml2;PSATZ分别为0.38±0.06 ng/ml2 、 0.21±0.05 ng/ml2;两组在以上三个检测指标上差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。以0.15 ng/ml2为截断点则PSAD 灵敏性为76.115%,特异性为69.146%;以0.35 ng/ml2为截断点则PSATZ 灵敏性为60.642%,特异性为93.943%。结论：f/t PSA比值、PSAD、PSATZ对前列腺偶发癌的诊断具有重要价值,其中尤以PSATZ更具预测价值。     

单纯前列腺上皮内瘤回顾性分析(附142例病例分析)

目的通过对前列腺上皮内瘤(PIN)临床资料分析,探讨PIN的生物特性及应对策略。方法对31例无前列腺癌PIN(NPCaPIN)改变患者(其中1级23例,2、3级8例)的临床资料(包括患者血清PSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSA密度等区域计数资料以及穿刺标本免疫组织化学染色结果)进行回顾性分析,以同期确诊为前列腺癌(PCa)、良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者资料作为对照,分析低级别PIN(LGPIN)和高级别PIN(HGPIN)改变之间及NPCaPIN临床特征与PCa、BPH患者临床特征的差异。结果LGPIN和HGPIN改变的患者之间血清PSA水平和年龄存在差异(P<0.05);LGPIN和PCa患者之间血清PSA水平、前列腺体积、fPSA存在显著差异(P<0.01),PSA密度、fPSA/tPSA比值存在差异(P<0.05),和BPH患者之间各项均无明显差异;HGPIN改变和PCa患者之间前列腺体积、fPSA水平和年龄存在差异(P<0.05),和BPH患者之间血清PSA水平差异显著(P<0.01),fPSA/tPSA比值和年龄(P<0.05)存在差异;NPCaPIN和PCa患者之间血清前列腺体积、fPSA水平和年龄、血清PSA水平、PSA密度存在显著差异(P<0.01),和BPH患者之间fPSA/tPSA比值(P<0.05)存在差异。P63、AE1、AE3、P504S、PSA免疫组织化学结果NPCaPIN组类似于BPH而完全异于PCa。结论LGPIN的临床和病理特征与BPH相似,而HGPIN的临床和病理方面具有一定的前列腺恶性肿瘤特征,需要积极的临床追踪观察。     

良性前列腺增生病人血清不同类别PSA的检测与分析

目的 :分析前列腺增生 (BPH)病人血清中不同前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)的稳定性 ,探讨其在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。　方法 :将病理诊断证实的 1 0 5例BPH病人按总PSA(tPSA)水平分为 3组 :A组 (tPSA <4μg/L)67例 ,B组 (tPSA值 4～ 1 0 μg/L) 2 6例 ,C组 (tPSA >1 0 μg/L) 1 2例。按年龄分为 3组 :a组 (≤ 55岁 ) 1 8例 ,b组 (56～ 69岁 ) 33例 ,c组 (≥ 70岁 ) 54例。采用Bayer磁微粒化学发光免疫方法 ,测定各组BPH病人血清中的复合PSA(cPSA)、tPSA、游离PSA(fPSA) ,并计算cPSA/tPSA、fPSA/tPSA、fPSA/cPSA比值 ,比较它们在不同年龄和tPSA水平组间的稳定性。　结果 :无论在不同的tPSA水平组 ,还是在不同的年龄组 ,cPSA/tPSA比值和fPSA/tPSA、fP SA/cPSA比值比其它各种PSA更稳定。　结论 :cPSA/tPSA比值和fPSA/tPSA、fPSA/cPSA比值在前列腺疾病的诊断中可能更具有应用价值     

有下尿路症状的良性前列腺增生患者前列腺特异性抗原检测的临床意义

目的:探讨前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)测定在有下尿路症状的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的临床意义。方法:比较520例有症状和196例无症状的BPH患者的总PSA(tPSA),游离PSA(fPSA)和fPSA/tPSA等指标,并进行统计学分析。结果:有症状组和无症状组的tPSA值分别为(5.13±2.49)、(1.73±1.26)μg/L,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);fPSA分别为(1.57±0.80)、(0.54±0.38)μg/L,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);fPSA/tPSA分别为0.31±0.09和0.30±0.11,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:有下尿路症状BPH患者的tPSA、fPSA明显高于无症状,但fPSA/tPSA比值在BPH患者中稳定。     

前列腺穿刺活检结果预测模型的建立

目的基于前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)等指标,建立能够预测前列腺穿刺活检结果的数学模型.方法收集2009年7月至2015年3月在解放军总医院进行前列腺穿刺活检患者的年龄、前列腺体积、游离PSA(fPSA)和总PSA(tPSA)等临床资料.所有研究对象中随机选择80％为建模组,其余20％为验证组.在建模组中利用单因素和多因素 Logistic 分析筛选出预测前列腺癌的独立性影响因素,构建回归方程,并以此为基础建立预测前列腺穿刺结果的数学模型.利用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估该模型对前列腺癌的诊断价值,并与临床常用的 PSA 及其相关参数比较诊断价值的差异.结果选取资料完整且 tPSA 100 ng/ml以下的患者纳入研究,共958例.其中建模组767例(tPSA 4~20 ng/ml者587例),验证组191例.在建模组中,将所有指标纳入单因素和多因素 Logistic 回归分析,发现年龄、tPSA 和前列腺体积是前列腺癌独立的预测因素.将所有指标(包括 fPSA)纳入回归方程,构建数学模型Y＝－4．765＋0.074×(年龄)＋0．057×(tPSA)＋0．052×(fPSA)－0．029×(前列腺体积).在建模组和验证组中, ROC曲线分析显示该模型预测前列腺癌的 ROC 曲线下面积高于 tPSA、f/tPSA 和 PSA 密度.取Y＝－0．076,即约登指数最大值作为本模型最佳临界值,预测前列腺癌的灵敏度为76．2％、特异度为76．6％、阳性预测值76．5％、阴性预测值76．3％.结论本预测模型与单独应用PSA及其相关参数相比具有更高的诊断价值,并且可以在不增加患者检查项目的前提下提高预测前列腺癌的能力.