大鼠脾脏树突状细胞的体外分离培养

目的 建立大鼠脾脏树突状细胞(DCs)的体外分离和培养方法,并进行相关鉴定.方法 根据DC低密度和短暂黏附的特点,用梯度密度离心方法分离出大鼠脾脏DC前体和单核细胞,在加入30 ng/mL粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白介素-4(IL-4)的DMEM培养基中,分别培养7 d和14 d后收集细胞,流式细胞仪检测DCs表面抗原OX62、CD80、CD86和主要组织相容性复合物-Ⅱ类(MHC-Ⅱ)分子的表达情况.结果 新鲜分离的大鼠脾脏DCs细胞呈圆形, 胞体小,在培养液中悬浮生长;表面抗原表达很低.诱导分化7 d时,部分细胞体积增大且形态不规则,表面呈毛刺样,细胞核大而不规则; MHC-Ⅱ分子呈较高水平表达,CD80、CD86表达较低.诱导分化14 d时,大部分细胞呈现典型的树突状细胞的形态; MHC-Ⅱ分子呈高表达,CD80、CD86表达增加,OX62表达阳性率为25.0% ～86.2%.结论 密度梯度离心结合较低浓度GM-CSF+IL-4培养,是大鼠脾脏DCs体外分离和培养的简单、经济且有效的方法.     

大鼠脾脏树突状细胞的体外分离培养

目的建立大鼠脾脏树突状细胞(DCs)的体外分离和培养方法,并进行相关鉴定。方法根据DC低密度和短暂黏附的特点,用梯度密度离心方法分离出大鼠脾脏DC前体和单核细胞,在加入30ng/mL粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白介素-4(IL-4)的DMEM培养基中,分别培养7d和14d后收集细胞,流式细胞仪检测DCs表面抗原OX62、CD80、CD86和主要组织相容性复合物-Ⅱ类(MHC-Ⅱ)分子的表达情况。结果新鲜分离的大鼠脾脏DCs细胞呈圆形,胞体小,在培养液中悬浮生长;表面抗原表达很低。诱导分化7d时,部分细胞体积增大且形态不规则,表面呈毛刺样,细胞核大而不规则;MHC-Ⅱ分子呈较高水平表达,CD80、CD86表达较低。诱导分化14d时,大部分细胞呈现典型的树突状细胞的形态;MHC-Ⅱ分子呈高表达,CD80、CD86表达增加,OX62表达阳性率为25.0%~86.2%。结论密度梯度离心结合较低浓度GM-CSF IL-4培养,是大鼠脾脏DCs体外分离和培养的简单、经济且有效的方法。     

IL-6抑制LPS诱导的小鼠髓源性DCs成熟的实验研究

目的观察白细胞介素-6(IL-6)对于内毒素(LPS)诱导的小鼠髓源性树突状细胞(DC)成熟效应的抑制作用。方法分离小鼠骨髓细胞,采用黏附法结合GM-CSF和IL-4刺激法在体外培养髓源性DCs(BMDCs)。用相差倒置显微镜观察BM-DCs的形态特点。用LPS诱导DC成熟。采用FACS结合混合淋巴细胞反应,观察IL-6处理与否,LPS诱导的BMDCs在表型和刺激同种淋巴细胞增殖功能上的变化。结果形态观察和FACS分析的结果表明:体外成功培养了纯度较高的高表达CD11c的BMDCs,LPS能明显诱导BMDCs表面MHC-Ⅱ类分子和共刺激分子CD40的表达上调;而经过IL-6处理后,LPS诱导BMDCs表面CD80、CD86、CD40表达上调的能力被显著削弱(P0.05)。混合淋巴细胞反应显示,与单独用LPS处理的BMDCs相比,经IL-6处理后的BMDCs刺激同种淋巴细胞增殖的能力明显减弱,并呈剂量依赖关系(P0.05)。结论IL-6能明显抑制LPS诱导的BMDCs成熟,可能是肿瘤免疫逃逸的重要机制之一。     

JAK2/STAT3途径在IL-6抑制LPS诱导的树突状细胞分化成熟中的作用

目的 观察JAK2/STAT3信号途径在IL-6抑制LPS诱导的小鼠髓源性树突状细胞(bone marrow-derived dendritic cells,BMDCs)分化成熟中的作用.方法 分离小鼠骨髓细胞,采用黏附法结合GM-CSF和IL-4刺激法在体外培养BMDCs;用相差倒置显微镜观察BMDCs的形态特点;用LPS诱导DCs成熟;采用流式细胞术观察IL-6处理与否,LPS诱导的BMDCs在表型上的变化;Western blot检测BMDCs细胞质p-JAK2、总STAT3和P-STAT3的表达水平.结果 形态观察和FCM分析的结果表明:体外成功培养了纯度较高的高表达CD11c的BMDCs,LPS能明显诱导BMDCs表面MHC-Ⅱ类分子和共刺激分子CD80、CD86、CD40的表达上调;而经过IL-6处理后,LPS诱导BMDCs表面MHC-Ⅱ类分子、CD80、CD86、CD40表达上调的能力被显著削弱(P＜0.01).Western blot结果显示,与单独用LPS处理的BMDCs相比,经IL-6处理后的BMDC中p-JAK2、P-STAT3表达随作用时间增加而明显上调,提示IL-6促进JAK2/STAT3信号途径活化.结论 JAK2/STAT3信号途径参与了IL-6抑制LPS诱导的BMDCs成熟过程.     

HBeAg对小鼠骨髓源性树突状细胞表型及功能的影响

目的 研究HBeAg对小鼠骨髓源性树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)表型及功能的影响。 方法 以rmGM-CSF和rmIL-4定向体外诱导C57BL/6小鼠骨髓细胞分化成未成熟DC,随机分为空白对照组、HBeAg刺激组、脂多糖(LPS)刺激组和HBeAg+LPS刺激组。以流式细胞术检测DC表型变化,混合淋巴反应(MLR)检测DC促T淋巴细胞增殖能力,酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测细胞上清液中IL-12的分泌水平,CCK-8法检测HBeAg对骨髓源性树突状细胞活力影响。 结果 HBeAg刺激后,CD11c阳性细胞百分数下降。 HBeAg可抑制DC表面MHC-Ⅱ、CD86的表达和DC促淋巴细胞增殖的能力,且HBeAg可抑制LPS诱导的树突状细胞IL-12的分泌,细胞活力检测显示HBeAg对细胞没有明显毒性作用。 结论 HBeAg对树突状细胞的成熟有一定的负性调节作用,这可能是HBV的持续感染的机制之一。     

NF-KB圈套性寡核苷酸诱导骨髓DC疫苗的实验研究

目的体外诱导、培养大鼠（Lewis大鼠）骨髓来源改良树突状细胞（DC），为进一步研究核苷酸圈套技术抗移植排斥反应作准备。方法Lewis大鼠骨髓造血于细胞，体外经重组大鼠细胞因子GM-CSF、IL-4诱导成DC；核因子-kB（NF-kB）圈套寡核苷酸（NF-kB decoy ODN）用于阻止DC的成熟，降低细胞表面分子的表达，制备改良的DC；LPS用于刺激DC的成熟。流式细胞仪检测DC表面分子CD11c、CD80、CD86等的表达情况，分析DC的细胞特性。结果体外GM-CSF和IL-4诱导的大鼠骨髓来源DC纯度高、数量丰富。NF-kB decoy ODN能明显降低DC表面分子（CD11c、CD80、CD86等）的表达，表现为非成熟状态；经LPS刺激仍能保持非成熟状态。结论经NF-kB decoy ODN处理的大鼠骨髓来源DC,其状态稳定,低表达表面分子和其刺激分子,可作为进一步研究的DC疫苗。     

NF-κB圈套性寡核苷酸诱导骨髓DC疫苗的实验研究

目的 体外诱导、培养大鼠(Lewis大鼠)骨髓来源改良树突状细胞(DC),为进一步研究核苷酸圈套技术抗移植排斥反应作准备.方法 Lewis大鼠骨髓造血干细胞,体外经重组大鼠细胞因子GM-CSF、IL-4诱导成DC;核因子-κB(NF-κB)圈套寡核苷酸(NF-κB decoy ODN)用于阻止DC的成熟,降低细胞表面分子的表达,制备改良的DC;LPS用于刺激DC的成熟.流式细胞仪检测DC表面分子CD11c、CD80、CD86等的表达情况,分析DC的细胞特性.结果 体外GM-CSF和IL-4诱导的大鼠骨髓来源DC纯度高、数量丰富.NF-κB decoy ODN能明显降低DC表面分子(CD11c、CD80、CD86等)的表达,表现为非成熟状态;经LPS刺激仍能保持非成熟状态.结论 经NF-κB decoy ODN处理的大鼠骨髓来源DC,其状态稳定,低表达表面分子和共刺激分子,可作为进一步研究的DC疫苗.     

大鼠OX-62+树突状细胞的体外诱导及生物学特性

目的 :从大鼠骨髓中有效地诱导、培养OX 6 2 + 树突状细胞 (dendriticcells,DC) ,观察其表型及功能特征。方法 :大鼠骨髓细胞培养 3h ,贴壁细胞加入含重组大鼠GM CSF和IL 4 ,继续培养 6～ 12d ,淘洗法去非粘附细胞中的Fc受体阳性细胞 ,流式细胞仪分析细胞表型及抗原摄取能力 ,混合淋巴细胞反应检测其刺激同种T细胞增殖能力 ,ELISA测定分泌IL 12水平。结果 :培养DC90 %以上表达OX 6 2。培养 6d的OX 6 2 + DCs具有不成熟表型 ,表达中等水平的MHCII抗原和低水平的CD80、CD86、ICAM 1;分泌少量IL 12 ;具有较强的摄取抗原能力 ,但刺激同种T细胞增殖能力极低。培养 12d的OX 6 2 + DC已经成熟 ,MHCII、CD8、CD86、ICAM 1表达明显增加 ;分泌IL 12增加 ;摄取抗原能力下降 ;刺激同种T细胞增殖能力明显增强。结论 :成功建立了体外大量扩增大鼠骨髓OX 6 2 + DC的新方法。     

小鼠脾脏来源树突状细胞的体外扩增培养

目的建立简便的体外扩增小鼠脾脏树突状细胞(DC)的方法。方法联合应用粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)诱导培养小鼠脾脏单个核细胞分化为DC,并从形态学、表型及功能方面对其加以检测。结果体外诱导培养8 d后获得大量成熟的DC,细胞表面具有典型的树枝状突起,高表达DC相对特异性表面分子CD11c(78.5%)、MHC-Ⅱ(92.7%)及CD86(87.2%),同时具有较强的刺激同种异基因混合淋巴细胞增殖能力。结论小鼠脾脏细胞体外诱导培养可生成大量功能成熟的DC,为进一步抗肿瘤疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

NF-κB寡核苷酸诱骗剂构建大鼠特异性耐受性树突状细胞

目的:运用NF-κB寡核苷酸诱骗剂(NF-κB ODN Decoy)构建大鼠耐受性树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC),并将其负载牛Ⅱ型胶原(BⅡC),对其成熟状态进行评价.方法:取SD大鼠脾脏单核细胞,用粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和IL-4诱导其转化为DC后分成5组:单纯DC组、脂多糖(LPS) DC组、Decoy-DC组、LPS刺激Decoy-DC组、负载BⅡC-Decoy-DC组,对终细胞进行形态观察、评价活力、表型鉴定.结果:大多数大鼠脾脏来源DC呈CD80+和CD86-的表型特征,各组大鼠DC特异性标志OX-62表达率＞70％,差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05);与单纯DC组比较,Decoy-DC组细胞表面共刺激分子CD80和CD86阳性表达率和表达强度均呈明显降低(P＜0.05),经LPS刺激后DC细胞CD80及CD86阳性表达率和表达强度上调均不明显(P＞0.05);BⅡC-Decoy-DC组DC细胞形态学与Decoy-DC组无明显差别,也同样呈CD80和CD86低表达.结论:用NF-κB ODN Decoy成功构建耐受性DC,此耐受性DC负载了特异性抗原BⅡC后表型稳定.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.