开封市部分不同人群HBsAg携带状况调查

目的：为了解开封市不同人群ＨＢｓＡｇ携带现状。方法：选择本市１９９９年９月和２０００年５月进行健康体检的专科学校教师和学生、金融系统、下岗职工等不同人群７２２６例，采用ＲＰＨＡ法检测了ＨＢｓＡｇ。结果：ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率为４．７６％其中教师、学生、金融系统、下岗职工分别为３．２６％、３．５６％、６．２７％、５．２９％。结论：（１）不同人群ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率明显不同；（２）男女性别间有差异（ｘ＾２＝１１．４３１ｐ〈０．０５）。     

一种HBsAg酶免疫测定指数定量法的建立及应用评价

为使ＨＢｓＡｇ定量与定性测定法一致，提高定量结果的准确性和可靠性，建立一种ＥＩＡ指数作为ＨＢｓＡｇ的定量指标。对２１７６份血清样品作了实验研究，其中ＥＩＡ阴性１８６３份，平均测定指数值为０．８３（ｓ＝０．６２）；阳性３１３份平均指数值为１１７５．６０（范围２．９３￣９３０９．８０）。批内ＣＶ６．１７％（ｎ＝１０），批间ＣＶ１４．８７％（ｎ＝１８）。ＥＩＡ指数值与ＲＰＨＡ滴度的相关性为ｒ＝０．８９。     

偶氮胂Ⅲ比色法测定血清（浆）钙

对偶氮肿Ⅲ（ＡｒｓｅｎａｚｏⅢ）比色法测定血清（浆）钙的方法学作了系统研究。结果表明：反应混合液的吸收光谱呈Ｍ型，两个吸收峰分别为６００ｎｍ和６５０～６６０ｎｍ，但以６６０ｎｍ为适。试剂中ＡｒｓｅｎａｚｏＩＩＩ的最适浓度为１５０μｎｏｌ／Ｌ，试剂空白Ａ（吸光度曾称光密度ＯＤ）受ｐＨ的影响，当ｐＨ为７．０　时Ａ值最低。本法批内（ｎ＝２０）和批间（ｎ＝４０）ＣＶ分别为２．８％～２．９６％、３．１５％～３．３７％，平均回收率为９９．３％，线性高达６．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，灵敏度为１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ＝０．１７Ａ。本法Ｙ与ＥＤＴＡ自动滴定法Ｘ比较：Ｙ＝１．００５９Ｘ－０．０１４１，ｒ＝０．９９８５、Ｐ＜０．００１、ｎ＝２０。Ｍｇ￣（２＋）、Ｃｕ￣（２＋）、Ｆｅ￣（２＋）、Ｚｎ￣（２＋），Ｈｂ、Ｂｉｌ均不干扰测定。     

PCR检测HBV-DNA不同试剂和方法的比较

本文对目前部分市售的ＨＢＶＰＣＲ试剂进行了灵敏度和检测率的测定，并在检测ＨＢＶ低水平感染中，用ＰＣＲ和斑点杂交作了比较。结果不同公司试剂盒的ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ最低检测浓度从０．１ｆｇ到１ｐｇ不等，同一公司不同批号的ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ最低检测浓度也从１００ｆｇ到１００ａｇ不同，差达１０３～１０４倍。ＰＣＲ和斑点杂交在三组不同乙肝标志组中的阳性检测率为ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）ＨＢｅＡｇ（－）抗ＨＢｅ（－）组：ＰＣＲ７０％，斑点杂交４６．４％；ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）ＨＢｅＡｇ（－）抗ＨＢｓ（＋）组：ＰＣＲ３５．７％，斑点杂交２．９％；ＨＢｓＡｇ（－）抗ＨＢｅ（＋）抗ＨＢｓ（＋）／ＨＢｃ（＋）组：ＰＣＲ１６．６％，斑点杂交３．３％。三组检测率均Ｐ＜０．０１。因此，目前市售的ＨＢＶＰＣＲ试剂必须标化，ＰＣＲ更适合于检测ＨＢＶ低水平的感染     

2—（8′—羟基喹啉—5′—磺酸—7′—偶氮）—变色酸测定血清镁

目的 建立简便，灵敏，试剂稳定性好的２－（８′－羟基喹啉－５′－磺酸－７′－偶氮）－变色酸（８Ｑ５ＳＡＣ）血清镁测定法，方法 用国内合成的８Ｑ５ＳＡＣ作显色剂，ＥＧＴＡ掩蔽钙，在甘氨酸－ＮａＯＨ缓冲体系中以分光光度法测定血清镁。结果 该法线性０～３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，平均回收率９８．１％，变异系数１．９２％～２．９８％，与Ｃａｌｍａｇｉｔｅ法对照，ｒ＝０．９９６，Ｐ〉０．２；与ＭＴＢ法对照，ｒ＝０．９８     

2-(8′-羟基喹啉-5′-磺酸-7′-偶氮)-变色酸测定血清镁

目的建立简便、灵敏、试剂稳定性好的２－（８′－羟基喹啉－５′－磺酸－７′－偶氮）－变色酸（８Ｑ５ＳＡＣ）血清镁测定法。方法用国内合成的８Ｑ５ＳＡＣ作显色剂，ＥＧＴＡ掩蔽钙，在甘氨酸－ＮａＯＨ缓冲体系中以分光光度法测定血清镁。结果该法线性０～３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，平均回收率９８．１％，变异系数１．９２％～２．９８％。与Ｃａｌｍａｇｉｔｅ法对照，ｒ＝０．９９６，Ｐ＞０．２；与ＭＴＢ法对照，ｒ＝０．９８３，Ｐ＞０．２；测试灵敏度分别是上述方法的２．５倍和４．３倍。结论该法简便、灵敏、试剂稳定性明显优于ＭＴＢ法和Ｃａｌ－ｍａｇｉｔｅ法，适于血清镁的常规手工分析和自动分析。     

载脂蛋白A1,B免疫比浊法试剂盒的评价

本文结合国内应用较广的一种国产试剂Ｘ和国外Ｒａｎｄｏｘ试剂,就血清载脂蛋白Ａ１、Ｂ免疫比浊法的方法学进行探讨,并对其主要的质量指标进行了评价。结果表明：１）对于ＡｐｏＡ１,ＡｐｏＢ的测定应该选用多点定标,扣除血清空白的双试剂。２）Ｒａｎｄｏｘ试剂的批内变异系数ＡｐｏＡ１为：１．９０～２．０５％;ＡｐｏＢ为：２．４１～１．６６％;国产Ｘ试剂的批内变异系数ＡｐｏＡ１为：２．８６～５．７７％;ＡｐｏＢ为：４．１４～５．７０％。３）Ｒａｎｄｏｘ试剂ＡｐｏＡ１,ＡｐｏＢ的线性分别达到２．７４,２．３３ｇ／Ｌ;国产Ｘ试剂ＡｐｏＡ１,ＡｐｏＢ的线性分别为１．３２,１．２４ｇ／Ｌ。４）临床选取５０例标本（其中有５例溶血,５例黄疸,１０例脂血）对比试验结果表明：ＡｐｏＡ１：ｒ＝０．９４７３,ｙ＝０．９６ｘ－０．２５ＡｐｏＢ：ｒ＝０．４４６８,ｙ＝２．０９ｘ—０．８５除去脂血后得：ＡｐｏＡ１：ｒ＝０．９３８９,ｙ＝０．９９ｘ—０·２７ＡｐｏＢ：ｒ＝０．９１８２,ｙ＝１．７４ｘ—０．７６     

安阳市某中学肺结核病暴发流行的调查报告

为了解我县青曲镇中小学生ＨＢｓＡｇ携带状况，为进一步开展乙肝防治提供依据，１９９９年４月我们对青曲镇的部分中小学生采用酶联免疫试验方法检测ＨＢｓＡｇ（试剂由湖北省康泰生物制品公司提供，有效期内使用），现报告如下：在两所中学和１０所小学１８２７名学生中，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性１６４名，中、小学生间ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率无显著差异（χ２＝０．４１，Ｐ＞０．０５）；性别间ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率也无显著性差异（χ２＝１．３２，Ｐ＞０．０５），见附表。附表　郧县青曲镇中小学生ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率男受检人数阳性人数阳性率％女受检人…     

开封市1410名下岗职工HBsAg携带及分布状况分析

目的：为了解开封市下岗职工ＨＢｓＡｇ携带及分布状况。方法：我们于２０００年８月对１４１０名下岗职工进行ＨＢ－ｓＡｇ反向被动血凝试验。对可疑阳性结果用ＥＩＡ法对照，结果：（１）１４１０名下岗职工ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率为４．９６％。男性阳性率为７．６２％。女性阳性率３．８４％；（２）顺河区、龙亭区、南关区、鼓楼区四个辖区男、女下岗职工ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率依次分别为３．０３％、１１．４６％、９．５２％、８．３３％和４．０１％、４．４６％、２．８２％、４．１９％；（３）２０～４０周岁、５１～６０周岁四个年龄组。男、女下岗职工ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率依次分别为６．２５％、７．６４％、７．９１％、７．９０％和２．０６％、３．７７％、３．９０％、６．６７％。结论：（１）开封市四个辖区下岗职工ＨＢｓＡｇ携带及分布无规律性；（３）开封市下岗职工Ｈ     

改良凝胶吸附法制备的凝血酶原复合物

采用ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ５０和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６Ｂ凝胶从人血浆中吸附制备经Ｓ／Ｄ病毒灭活处理后的ＰＣＣ制品，ＤＥＡＥ洗脱液经Ｓ／Ｄ处理（０．３％磷酸三丁脂和１％Ｔｗｅｎ８０，６～８ｈ，２４℃）后，使所加入具有感染剂量（＞１０６）的标志病毒ＶＳＶ、Ｓｉｎｄｂｉｓ、ＨＩＶ均被有效灭活；ＰＣＣ制品中Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ因子的比活性（Ｕ／ｍｇ）分别为０．７９９±０．３４９、０．３４３±０．２５２、０．７４７±０．３４８、０．５８０±０．１９９（ｎ＝７），均比传统ＰＣＣ提高１．５～２．５倍（其中ＦⅨ∶Ｃ的比活性提高有显著性，ｔ＝３．１０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），同时也优于国内同类制品（ｔ＝２．３６０，Ｐ＜０．０５），对其杂蛋白（ＡＴ－Ⅲ、Ｆｎ、ＰＫＡ、Ｐｌｇ、ⅧＲ∶Ａｇ抗Ａ、抗Ｂ凝集素）的分析也反映出ＰＣＣ纯度有所提高。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ、ＩＥ、ＣＩＥ电泳图谱及ＨＰＬＣ层析图谱证实上述结果，ＰＣＣ中ＴＮＢＰ残留量≤１０μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０残留量≤１００μｇ／ｍｌ，均在安全范围内。     

Ultrasonic study of venous patterns in the right hypochondrium: An anatomical approach to differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice

Through real time ultrasonography, it is possible to display the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein, the vena porta, and the intrahepatic portal and systemic veins. In jaundice, it is of the utmost importance to carefully identify the vena porta before making a diagnosis of common bile duct enlargement. It is also necessary, when confronted with a pattern of apparently enlarged intrahepatic ducts, to conduct a thorough study of possible confluences of the ducts with the vena porta or vena cava to be certain that the ducts are not part of the portal or systemic venous network. Without such differentiation, portal enlargement caused portal hypertension, systemic venous enlargement caused cardiac insufficiency, or even nonpathological wide veins may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.     

The clearance of Procalcitonin (PCT) during continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD)

Objective. To evaluate the Procalcitonin (PCT) clearance during continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD).?Design. Case report?Setting. Surgical intensive care unit?Patient. 51-year-old man, who had undergone total thyroidectomy about ten years before owing to multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2), suffering from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with acute renal failure after severe trauma caused by a traffic accident.?Measurements and main result. The samplings of prefilter (afferent) and post-filter (efferent) blood and of ultradiafiltrate were 6 times performed during 24 h of CVVHD to calculate the PCT clearance of hemdiafiltration.?During the first half period of CVVHD the serum PCT concentration did not decrease, though PCT had been eliminated from serum. On the other hand during the latter half period of it the serum PCT value decreased (from 46.8 ng/ml to 29.4 ng/ml) and the amount of the eliminated PCT from serum was about 100 ng per minute and its clearance was 2.3 ∼ 3.4 ml/min.?Conclusion. The CVVHD could eliminate PCT from serum. First it was brought about by the adsorption by the filter menbrane and then by ultradiafiltration. Received: 25 February 1999/Final revision received: 31 May 1999/Accepted: 9 June 1999     

The utility of < or =3-day-old whole-blood platelets in reducing the incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions

BACKGROUND: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) to platelet transfusions have been linked to the presence of cytokines in supernatant plasma. Cytokine concentration is directly related to WBC content and storage time. This study evaluated the effect of limiting the storage time of random-donor platelet concentrates on the FNHTR rate. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: FNHTR rates were calculated retrospectively for single-donor apheresis platelet (SDP) and pooled random-donor platelet (PP) transfusions given during three consecutive 5-month study periods (November 1995 to February 1997) to patients on a single hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant unit. Transfusion practice policies were: Baseline Period, SDPs preferred; Study Period A, PPs preferred; and Study Period B, < or =3-day-old PPs preferred. FNHTR rates were calculated from physicians' interpretations of reported reactions and the total number of SDP and PP transfusions in each period. SDPs were collected on two cell separators. All platelet components were filtered at issue in the laboratory by WBC-reduction filters. RESULTS: FNHTR rates for PP transfusions were: baseline, 11.1 percent (3/27); Study Period A, 4.6 percent (22/481); and Study Period B, 1.1 percent (3/282). The rates for SDP transfusions were 0. 15 percent (1/650), 0.75 percent (2/267), and 0.36 percent (1/273), respectively. The FNHTR rate for < or =3-day-old PPs was significantly less than the rate for older PPs (p = 0.0086 for Study Period A vs. Study Period B), and was not significantly different than that for SDPs (p = 0.33 for PPs vs. SDPs in Study Period B). CONCLUSION: Limiting transfusion of PPs to those stored 相似文献   

周剂量多西紫杉醇联合顺铂二线治疗进展期胃癌的临床研究

目的 研究多西紫杉醇(TXT)联合顺铂(DDP)方案二线治疗进展期胃癌的疗效和毒副作用.方法 既往应用FOLFOX4或XELOX方案化疗进展的晚期胃癌患者36例,采用多西紫杉醇(艾素)35 mg/m2,第1、8天,静滴;顺铂20 mg/m2,第1～5天,静滴,21 d为1个周期.结果 36例患者中,CR 0例,PR 10例,SD 12例,PD 14例,客观有效率(CR+PR)27.8%,中位生存期6.5个月,中位肿瘤进展时间4.4个月.毒副作用主要为中性粒细胞减少.结论 多西紫杉醇联合顺铂方案二线治疗进展期胃癌有效率较高,有生存优势,毒副作用可耐受.     

Single-donor platelets reduce the risk of septic platelet transfusion reactions

BACKGROUND: Septic platelet transfusion reactions (SPTRs) are the most common, serious risk of transfusion. Because SPTRs result from donor skin flora or asymptomatic bacteremia, the use of single-donor platelets (SDPs) has been proposed to reduce the risk of SPTRs from the risks with pools of platelet concentrates (PCs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Beginning in 1986, all febrile transfusion reactions were evaluated by culture of the platelet bag. Confirmed SPTRs were identified by isolation of the same bacteria from the bag and the patient's blood or by positive Gram's stain of the bag that confirmed a positive platelet culture. In 1987, a program to minimize PC use in favor of SDP use was initiated as a means of reducing SPTRs. RESULTS: In 12 years, the use of SDPs increased from 51.7 percent to 99.4 percent of all platelet transfusions at one institution. SPTRs fell from three events in 1 year to the current rate of one event per year. The incidence of SPTRs decreased from 1 in 4,818 transfusions to 1 in 15,098 transfusions. The rate of SPTRs due to PCs was 5.39 times higher than that of SPTRs due to SDPs (95% CI, 1.89,12.9). CONCLUSION: The use of SDPs is a simple means of reducing SPTRs. Other measures such as sterilization will be required to eliminate all SPTRs.     

哮喘患儿的垂体—甲状腺状态

目的：支气管哮喘是小儿最常见的慢性疾病，目前研究已经证实它是一种慢性气道应变性炎症性疾病，本主要研究不同哮喘状态下，机体的一个主要的内分泌系统中的垂体－甲状腺轴的功能状态。方法：选择4－10岁的儿童作为研究对象，将他们分为正常对照组（40例），轻中度哮喘组（32例），重度哮喘组（15例）和缓解期组（23例）四组：用放射免疫分析法由专人测定上述四组儿童促甲状腺素（TSH），三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3），甲状腺素（T4），结果：对四组垂体－甲状腺轴相关激素TSH，T3和T4的测定结果显示：重度哮喘组T3，T4，明显减轻，而轻中度哮喘组，缓解期组的T3，T4与正常组相比无明显差异。结论：轻中度哮喘和哮喘缓解期垂体一甲状腺功能基本正常，一般不会产生正常甲状腺病态综合征，而重度哮喘存在甲状腺功能的紊乱。     

胶体金免疫层析法测定尿HCG的评价

目的对胶体金免疫层析测定试条检测随机尿HC-G的结果进行分析与评价。方法采用胶体金免疫层析测定法和放射免疫分析法对120份育龄妇女随机尿HCG进行测定。结果胶体金免疫层析试条对随机尿HCG的检测范围为120.0～427570mIU/ml,灵敏度为120.0mIU/ml,当尿HCG浓度大于427,570mIU/ml时,该试条出现带现象,与尿中LH无交叉反应。结论胶体金免疫层析试条具有操作简单、快速等优点,与放射免疫法相比,存在灵敏度低和带现象问题,在日常应用中应加以注意。     

纳洛酮对心肺脑复苏作用的评价

目的 :①观察研究纳洛酮在心肺脑复苏中的作用机理及实际疗效 ;②研究心搏骤停患者血中 β -内啡肽 (以下简称 β -EP)与正常人的差异。 方法 :①随机划分急诊和住院抢救的心搏骤停患者为纳洛酮复苏组与常规复苏组两组。前者以常规复苏为基础 ,再给予纳洛酮2 0mg加生理盐水 2 0ml静注 ,并可间隔 30min多次重复使用。②对常规复苏组和对照组 2 0例健康体检者均抽静脉血 5ml入专用抗凝管离心取血清存放于冰箱、集中一次测定 β -EP。 结果 :纳洛酮组复苏成功率 42 9% ,常规组复苏成功率 14 3% ,纳洛酮组复苏成功率显著高于常规组(P <0 0 5 )。心搏骤停患者血中 β -EP含量较正常人明显增高。 结论 :纳洛酮作为阿片受体纯拮抗剂 ,从多个环节中促进了心肺脑诸器官复苏 ,故临床应用纳洛酮可明显提高心肺脑复苏成功率     

WBC-reduced platelet concentrates from pooled buffy coats in additive solution: an evaluation of in vitro and in vivo measures

BACKGROUND: The use of a platelet additive solution (PAS-II, Baxter) may have benefits over plasma for storage of platelets. It was the aim of this study to develop a method to produce WBC-reduced platelet concentrates (PCs) in PAS-II with >240 x 10(9) platelets and <1 x 10(6) WBCs per unit, which can be stored for 5 days at pH >6.8 and that will give sufficient platelet increments after transfusion: a 1-hour CCI of >7.5 and a 20-hour CCI of >2.5. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCs were made from five pooled buffy coats and 250 g of PAS-II. After centrifugation the PCs were WBC-reduced with a filter (Autostop BC, Pall Biomedical) and stored in a 1000-mL polyolefin container. CCIs were assessed in stable hemato-oncologic patients after 5-day old PCs were transfused. RESULTS: Routinely produced PCs contained a median of 310 x 10(9) platelets (n = 5,363) with 3.5 percent containing <240 x 10(9) platelets, in a median volume of 320 mL (n = 11,834). The median number of WBCs was <0.03 x 10(6) (n = 694). The WBC count exceeded 1 x 10(6) in three PCs, but it was always <5 x 10(6), giving 99-percent confidence that more than 99.5 percent of the units will contain <1 x 10(6) WBCs. The pH remained >6.8 on Day 8, provided the concentration was below 1.1 x 10(9) platelets per mL (n = 32). After 28 transfusions in 28 patients, the 1-hour CCI was 12.6 +/- 4.3 (mean +/- SD, with 2/28 CCIs <7.5) and the 20-hour CCI was 8.9 +/- 5.6 (with 4/28 CCIs <2.5). Limitations of this study include the absence of a control group of patients receiving platelets stored in plasma and of in vivo radiolabeled survival studies, but a comparison of these data with previously published data suggested that the in vivo survival of platelets stored in PAS-II is less than that of platelets stored in plasma. CONCLUSION: The WBC-reduced PCs conformed to specifications. These WBC-reduced PCs could be stored at least 5 days with maintenance of pH, and they gave sufficient increments after transfusion to patients.     

聚合酶链反应法测定幽门螺杆菌的vacA基因型

以幽门螺杆菌ＤＮＡ为模板,采用聚合酶链反应设计了５个特异性寡核苷酸引物的一个共引物,分析检测了６２株幽门螺杆菌空泡形成细胞毒素基因Ｓ１ａ、Ｓ１ｂ、Ｍ１型和Ｍ２型,检测结果均为Ｓ１ａ／Ｍ２实验显示胃十二指肠疾病与空泡形成细胞毒素基因无相关关系。