抗－A、抗－B容血素的测定及临床意义

抗－Ａ、抗－Ｂ容血素的测定及临床意义陈忠，王雪明，樊一笋（苏州医学院附属一院，江苏２１５００６）关于ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ抗－Ａ（Ｂ）凝集素效价的测定，我们已作过系列研究［１，２，３］。Ｑ型人抗－Ａ及抗－Ｂ溶血素的测定，以往常用于血液未曾交配或因抢救而急需输...     

滴金免疫法检测血清抗HBcIgM及IgG抗体

目的为简便快速地进行抗ＨＢｃＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ测定。方法，用抗人ＩｇＭ或抗人ＩｇＧ抗体包被硝酸纤维素膜，用胶体金标记抗ＨＢｃ单克隆抗体，以重组ＨＢｃＡｇ溶液作为标本中抗ＨＢｃ与金标记抗ＨＢｃ的联接剂，建立了滴金免疫法（滴金法）。结果，经与酶免疫法对比测定，二法抗ＨＢｃＩｇＭ符合率为９７．２％，抗ＨＢｃＩｇＧ符合率为９５．８％，另以相同模式在同一硝酸纤维膜上分别点加抗人ＩｇＭ和抗人ＩｇＧ抗体，同步检测抗     

O型人血中缺乏IgM抗A,抗B一例

Ｏ型人血中缺乏ＩｇＭ抗Ａ、抗Ｂ一例张萍（苏州医学院附属二院，江苏２１５００４）人血清中缺乏相应的ＡＢＯ血型抗体，本院发现一例Ｏ型人血清中缺乏ＩｇＭ抗Ａ、抗Ｂ。现报告如下。１病例摘要患者徐××，男，１７岁，住院号１７５２９，于１９９４年９月１５日因肺脓...     

丙型肝炎患者抗HCV IgM、IgG及HCV RNA的检测

丙型肝炎患者抗ＨＣＶＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ及ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检测南通市传染病防治院（２２６００６）吴月平本文试用ＳＰＡ吸收结合免疫酶法检测丙肝患者血清中的ＩｇＭ抗体。经阻断试验和２－巯基乙醇耐性试验及与ＨＣＶＲＮＡ结果的相关性分析证明本法检出的抗体系丙肝特异性...     

多种免疫球蛋白参与Rho(D)血型抗体活性的研究

目的研究骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）患者体内效价高达２３０的抗Ｒｈｏ（Ｄ）活性抗体，弄清此抗体的免疫球蛋白组分，为多种免疫球蛋白参与Ｒｈ系统血型抗体活性提供客观实验依据。方法用配组红细胞在菠萝酶和抗人球蛋白介质中鉴定该患者血清抗体的特异性，用Ｒｈｏ（Ｄ）阳性红细胞测定其效价；再用Ｒｈｏ阳性红细胞吸附该血清中的抗Ｒｈｏ抗体，用枸橼酸放散法将抗体从红细胞上释放出来，获取精提液。通过免疫电泳、琼脂扩散、双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测该精提液中免疫球蛋白的种类和含量。５年１０个月后用全自动特种蛋白与药物分析仪复验－３０℃保存的样本。结果该患者血清中仅含有单一特异性的抗Ｒｈｏ抗体，其效价为２３０。用Ｒｈｏ阳性红细胞吸收和放散试验获取的精提液中仅含有抗Ｒｈｏ活性抗体。免疫生物化学的分析和鉴定结果表明该精提液中含有ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＥ、ＩｇＤ五种免疫球蛋白和补体Ｃ３。结论该患者实验结果提示该患ＩｇＥ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＤ与ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ一道参与了Ｒｈ系统血型抗体活性     

幽门螺杆菌感染时机体免疫状况的初步观察

本文观察１１３例ＨＰ感染与非感染者红细胞免疫功能、ＣＩＣ、外周血Ｔ细胞亚群、血清ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ及补体Ｃ３的含量，并测定其中１１０例胃窦部粘膜ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ及Ｃ３。结果显示：ＨＰ感染时ＣＩＣ增高，红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率降低，红细胞膜免疫复合物花环率增高，ＣＯ２细胞减少，ＣＤ４细胞、ＣＤ８细胞及其比值和血清ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ、Ｃ３含量无明显改变，胃粘膜ＩｇＧ和Ｃ３增高，ＩｇＡ降低，     

用ABBOTT CCX自动生化分析仪免疫透射比浊法测定血清Ig和C_3

用ＡＢＢＯＴＴＣＣＸ自动生化分析仪免疫透射比浊法测定血清Ｉｇ和Ｃ_３孙振荣，陈菁（浙江省绍兴市人民医院，３１２０００）测定ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ和Ｃ３，批内变异系数小于３．１８％，批间变异系数小于５．４６％，回收率在９１．８～１０４．２％之间，外加血...     

118例新生儿血清IgM ABO抗体的初步观察

１１８例新生儿血清ＩｇＭＡＢＯ抗体的初步观察宦栋梁（安徽省六安地区医院，２３７００５）为探讨ＡＢＯ反定型对新生儿的应用价值，本文随机观察１９９２年间住院输血的１１８例新生儿ＡＢＯ正反定型及ＩａＭＡＢＯ抗体的效价评分。新生儿日龄１～２９天，平均日龄１２...     

汉族原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者抗线粒体抗体 Ｍ２ 亚型 抗原表位分布及其临床价值

目的 探讨汉族原发性胆汁性胆管炎（ＰＢＣ）患者抗线粒体抗体 Ｍ２ 亚型（ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２）抗原表位分布情况及其临床价值。 方法 采用 Ｒｅｄ ／ ＥＴ 重组技术制备 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２ 抗原表位蛋白 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２，建立相应的 ＥＬＩＳＡ 检测方法，对 ３７４ 例 ＰＢＣ 患者抗原表位分布进行分析。 比较 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２ 主要抗原表位组合模式间清蛋白－胆红素评分（ＡＬＢＩ）结果的差异，熊 去氧胆酸（ＵＤＣＡ）药物生化应答和不应答患者抗原表位分布的差异。 结果 ３７４ 例 ＰＢＣ 患者血清与 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２ 抗原表位有反应率分别为 ８６．６％、８８．０％和 ３５．０％。 与 ＰＢＣ 患者血清有反应性的常见抗原表位模式（ ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２）间 ＡＬＢＩ 结果的差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＵＤＣＡ 生 化不应答患者血清与 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 的反应率（ ８９． ９％） 高于应答患者（ ７７． ９％），差异有统计学意义（ Ｐ ＜ ０． ０５）。 结论 与 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２抗原表位 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２ 同时有反应性的 ＰＢＣ 患者疾病预后不佳的风险较高， ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２抗原表位可能与 ＵＤＣＡ 治疗应答相关。     

婴儿ABO血型定型分析

婴儿ＡＢＯ血型定型分析何水英（南昌铁路医院，南昌３３０００３）血型由人体的遗传所决定，血型抗体主要是ＩｇＧ或ＩｇＭ球蛋白，婴儿从母体获得ＩｇＧ抗体，而ＩｇＭＡＢＯ抗体则在出生后３～６个月内形成。当婴儿ＡＢＯ血型发育不成熟或ＡＢＯ抗体量少时，血型的判定...     

正常O型人血清ABO血型抗体主要类别的分析

目的通过检测O型及A/B型人血清中IgM类及IgG类抗体的效价,分析正常O型人血清中ABO血型抗体的主要类别。方法分别以盐水介质法和间接抗人球蛋白法检测O型及A/B型人血清中IgM类和IgG类抗A或抗B抗体的效价。结果 O型人血清中IgM类抗A/抗B抗体效价均显著高于IgG类抗A/抗B抗体（均P〈0.01）;O型人血清中IgM类抗A/抗B抗体效价与B/A型人比较无显著性差异（均P〉0.05）,而IgG类抗A/抗B抗体效价显著高于B/A型人（均P〈0.01）;O型人血清中IgG类与IgM类抗A/抗B抗体效价的比值均显著高于B/A型人（均P〈0.01）。结论 O型人ABO血型抗体仍以IgM类为主,但其IgG类抗体效价及在血清中所占的比例要明显高于A/B型人。     

Is there a clinical need for a diagnostic test allowing detection of chain type–specific anti‐A and anti‐B? (CME)

BACKGROUND: Hemagglutination for detection and semiquantification of ABO antibodies is associated with large center‐to‐center variations and poor reproducibility. Because acceptance for transplantation and diagnosis of rejection in ABO‐incompatible transplantation rely on the levels and specificity of ABO antibodies, reproducible tests that allow their detection and specificity determination are required. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The level of chain type–specific anti‐A and anti‐B were analyzed in the sera of 44 healthy individuals of known ABO blood group using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with polyacrylamide (PAA) conjugates of blood group A and B trisaccharides or Type 2 chain A and B tetrasaccharides. Selected sera were further analyzed by hemagglutination and in an ELISA with Types 1 to 4 chain A or B neoglycolipids (NGL) as antigens. RESULTS: Immunoglobulin (Ig)G anti‐A and anti‐B levels were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in blood group O than in B and A individuals. More IgM anti‐A and anti‐B cross‐reactivity was detected in AB serum on PAA‐conjugated A and B trisaccharides than on the tetrasaccharides. One of 11 blood group B and two of 12 A individuals had IgG antibodies binding the tetrasaccharide despite lack of, or very low reactivity with, the trisaccharides. IgG antibodies preferring the A and B Type 2 tetrasaccharides were of the IgG2 subclass. The NGL ELISA further supported the presence of chain type–specific anti‐A and ‐B antibodies among nonsensitized, healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: An ELISA with structurally defined ABH antigens will allow the antibody class and fine specificity of ABO antibodies to be determined, which may improve risk assessment in ABO‐incompatible transplantation.     

Natural antibodies in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Sera obtained from fifty-five patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from four patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) previously shown by immunofluorescence and by double immunodiffusion to possess antinuclear antibodies, were tested for the presence of natural antibodies of IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes. Antibody activity to actin, myosin, DNA, TNP, albumin, and tubulin was examined, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that, in comparison with the antibody titers in normal sera, most of the SLE and MCTD sera possessed statistically greater amounts of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies directed against all the antigens tested. Furthermore, the IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody activity to DNA and TNP, compared to that found with all the other antigens, was significantly higher. Antibodies reacting with a saline extract of calf thymus (ECT) were studied by ELISA and by immunodiffusion. No correlation was observed between the natural antibody titers and the serum antibody levels to ECT detected either by ELISA or by immunodiffusion.     

IgA responses during human cytomegalovirus infection in cardiac transplant recipients: concurrent detection of IgA and IgM antiglobulins

The serum IgA response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection was investigated in relationship to IgG serology in cardiac transplant recipients in order to investigate its diagnostic usefulness. Of 19 patients studied 12 were found to have rising titres of IgG antibody to HCMV. Within this group a transitory IgA response with a variable duration (mean of 42 days) was detected in six patients with primary infection and in none of the patients with pre-existing IgG antibody undergoing a reactivation of, or re-infection with, HCMV. No IgA antibody was detected in four patients with constant levels of IgG antibody. An antiglobulin response measured by passive haemagglutination was concurrent with the IgA response. When analysed by solid phase binding assay, serial sera from four of five patients studied were found to have both an IgM anti IgG and an IgA anti IgG component to the antiglobulin response. The specificity of the HCMV-IgA response was, however, confirmed, because treatment of sera to remove antiglobulin failed to abrogate virus specific antibody.     

AN HETEROPHILE FACTOR IN RAGWEED POLLEN

1. There is serological evidence that ragweed pollen antigen contains a factor which causes an increased hemolysin titre for sheep cells, when injected into rabbits. 2. It remains questionable whether the antigen absorbs normal rabbit hemolysins. It does, however, absorb anti-ragweed hemolysins, as demonstrated by hemolysis inhibition test. 3. Dilution and lyophilization (Mudd-Flosdorf method) of antigen-antibody mixture shows that one hemolytic unit of anti-ragweed rabbit serum combines with 0.00007 mg. of low ragweed total N. There were three zones of inhibition of hemolysis demonstrated. 4. The immune hemolysins are completely absorbed by sheep cells and by Forssman antigen, but not by human cells of groups A or B. 5. Although Forssman antigen was able to absorb anti-ragweed hemolysin, the ragweed antigen was not able to absorb Forssman antibody. 6. Human ragweed sensitive sera from 22 cases with hay fever, before treatment, did not show increased titre of heat-labile or heat-stable hemolysin. There was no change after treatment. 7. Among the human cases there were encountered blood groups A, B, and O. Heat-labile hemolysins for sheep cells were present in nineteen of the twenty-two sera regardless of blood groups.     

孕妇产前IgG血型抗体效价测定及临床应用

目的观察孕妇产前体内IgG血型抗体水平及与新生儿溶血病的关系。方法采用微柱凝胶抗人球蛋白卡法对255例夫妇进行产前IgG血型抗体效价及ABO血型测定。结果在对195例夫妇ABO血型不合调查中,IgG血型抗体水平异常(≥64)阳性率为93.8%。其中IgG抗A(B)效价:64为12例(6.2%),64为12例(6.2%),128为60例(30.8%),256为39例(20%),512为45例(23.0%),1 024为27例(13.8%)。丈夫/孕妇血型组合为A/O与丈夫/孕妇血型组合为B/O两组间IgG抗体检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.361,P=0.499),AB血型的父亲其妻子抗体效价更高。结论对夫妇ABO血型不合孕妇产前IgG血型抗体效价测定有助于新生儿溶血病的产前预测,以利于尽早采取有效预防、治疗,减少新生儿溶血病的发病率,对于人口优生方面具有重要意义。     

Characterization of autoantibody activities in sera anti-DNA antibody and circulating immune complexes from 12 systemic lupus erythematosus patients

To examine autoantibodies present in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sera, circulating immune complexes (CIC), and antibodies purified on DNA-immunoadsorbent were tested by enzyme immunoassay. A panel of self-antigens, including DNA, histones (HIS), glomerular basal membrane (GBM), thymus cell extract (TCE), actin (ACT), myosin (MS), and tubulin (TUB), was used to define their specificities. IgM antibodies against all antigens of the panel were detected in sera, CIC, and in antibodies eluted from the DNA-immunoadsorbent and demonstrated a large polyreactivity. IgG antibodies showed restricted activities against DNA, HIS, GBM, and TCE in sera and a large polyreactivity in CIC. Inhibition experiments were performed to assess their mono- or polyreactivities. Among the IgG autoantibody population recognizing DNA, two populations of IgG antibodies were detected in the sera and in the affinity purified anti-DNA: one recognizes DNA, HIS, and GBM, and the other binds to DNA and to cytoskeletal proteins. These autoantibody populations were found in CIC, which also often contained high amounts of IgG antibodies recognizing ACT and MS. A third population of IgG antibody that recognizes only TCE and could not be inhibited by DNA or other antigens was found in serum and CIC. Our data demonstrate the existence of several populations of autoantibody in serum and CIC of SLE patients: (1) IgM polyreactive autoantibodies, (2) IgG polyreactive autoantibodies recognizing DNA and cytoskeletal proteins, (3) IgG specific to DNA, which cross react with HIS and GBM, and (4) IgG specific to TCE antigens. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Development of urease conjugated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in human sera

Urease conjugated enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for the detection of human IgM and IgG antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Results obtained by ELISA were compared with complement fixation test (CFT); which showed that of the 214 serum specimens tested, 80 were found to have antibody against M. pneumoniae. ELISA revealed that 70 of these specimens were IgG antibody, and 27 of them also contain IgM antibody. CFT failed to detect the presence of antibody against M. pneumoniae in five serum specimens tested. However, by using ELISA, three of them were found to have IgG and IgM antibodies. and the other two sera have IgG antibody only. Four out of the five specimens tested were the first serum specimens collected from patients with clinical and serological evidence of M. pneumoniae infection. In addition, 28 serum specimens, including 10 sera containing IgM rheumatoid factors and sera known to contain IgM antibody to other infectious organisms, were also tested for IgM antibody against M. pneumoniae by ELISA. None of these specimens showed a nonspecific reaction. ELISA had a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 96.3% when compared with CFT. Thus, ELISA developed in our laboratory is a specific test, and the results indicated that IgM ELISA might be used as a rapid diagnosis for M. pneumoniae infection.     

抗核抗体荧光模式及滴度与免疫球蛋白及补体的关系分析

目的探讨抗核抗体荧光模式及滴度与免疫球蛋白及补体的关系。方法采用透射比浊法对768例抗核抗体阳性患者血清进行免疫球蛋白及补体检测,另选取200名健康体检者作为对照组。根据抗核抗体荧光模式及滴度进行分组,分别研究各组免疫球蛋白及补体水平。结果①抗核抗体滴度≥1∶100时,血清IgG、IgA明显升高(P<0.01),但升高的幅度与抗核抗体滴度无明显相关;IgM和C3、C4只有在抗核抗体滴度≥1∶1 000时才分别显著升高和下降(P<0.01)。②各种单荧光模式型患者血清IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4浓度无显著差异;与各单荧光模式患者比较,二联及二联以上荧光模式型患者血清IgG、IgA、IgM显著升高、补体C3、C4水平显著下降(P<0.01)。结论抗核抗体、免疫球蛋白及补体虽然与自身免疫性疾病高度相关,但并不与病情成平行关系,三项联合检测才能对疾病的诊断与病情发展作出正确判断。     

The antibody response following hepatitis A infection.

A specific IgM response to hepatitis A virus was detected in sera from patients suffering acute hepatitis A infection. The presence of virus-specific IgM in 19S components of acute and early convalescent phase sera was detected by immune electron microscopy and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The presence of virus-specific IgM in whole serum specimens was demonstrated by indirect immunoferritin labeling. Following acute infection, however, the major immunoglobulin response appears to be IgG, since titers of specific 7S and whole serum antibody were very similar.