间硝苯地平对老龄肾性高血压大鼠心肌和脑微粒体Na~＋，K~＋－ATP酶，Ca~

间硝苯地平（ｍ－Ｎｉｆ，ｉｇ２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ１持续给药９周）可显著降低老龄肾性高血压大鼠（ＲＶＨＲ）血压和左室重量（Ｐ＜０．０１），增高心、脑微粒体Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０１），降低Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性，体外量效关系研究发现，ｍ－Ｎｉｆ在较高剂量（１０～１０００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）时可增高ＲＶＨＲ心脑微粒体Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性，且随剂量增加而增高。上述结果表明，ｍ－Ｎｉｆ可改善老龄ＲＶＨＲ心脑微粒体Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋泵和Ｃａ２＋泵功能。     

慢性染铅对大鼠海马区神经细胞Ca2+浓度及Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的：观察慢性染铅对大鼠海马区神经细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的影响。方法：用０．１５％醋酸铅饲养大鼠建立慢性染铅动物模型,参照Ｄｉｌｄｙ法和徐友涵法测定海马神经细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。结果发现：细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度,染铅组（２０３．８３±３０．５０）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,对照组（９７．６２±１９．８３）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｔ＝８．３１Ｐ＜０．００５;Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性,染铅组（３２６．４２±４０．０６）ｎｍｏｌ（Ｐｉ）·ｍｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１,对照组（２５３．０７±２５．４０）ｎｍｏｌ（Ｐｉ）·ｍｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１,ｔ＝３．５４,Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：慢性染铅可使大鼠海马区神经细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度升高,Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性增强     

胺甲硫磷对大鼠毒作用机理初探──胺甲硫磷急性染毒后血，脑，肝等组织生化改变

本实验研究了胺甲硫磷在急性染毒时对大鼠血，脑乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡｃｈＥ），脑组织Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶，Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶肝脏微粒体细胞色素Ｐ４５０，苯胺羟化酶及谷胱甘肽转移酶等方面的影响，实验表明，胺甲硫磷在所给剂量范围，不仅抑制血，脑ＡｃｈＥ，而且明显抑制脑Ｎａ＋，Ｋ－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶；对肝脏微粒体谷胱甘肽转移酶也有抑制作用，证明胺甲硫磷在体内毒作用是多途径。     

胺甲硫磷对大鼠毒作用机理初探：胺甲硫磷性染毒后血,脑,肝等组织…

本实验研究了胺甲硫磷在急性染毒时对大鼠血，脑乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡｃｈＥ），脑组织Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶，Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶肝脏微粒体细胞色素Ｐ４５０，苯胺羟比酶及谷胱甘肽转移酶等方面的影响，实验表明，胺甲硫磷在所给剂量范围，不仅抑制血，脑ＡｃｈＥ，而且明显抑制脑Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶；对肝脏微粒体谷胱甘肽转移酶也有抑制作用，证明胺甲硫磷在体内毒作用是多途径。     

自由基在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时的作用及药物防护

实验采用结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉３０ｍｉｎ后灌注６０ｍｉｎ，复制脑缺血再灌注损伤模型。通过测定缺血及再灌注后海马组织中脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量、总抗氧化活性（ＧＡＯ）和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性，观察了葛花露和茶多酚对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响。实验结果表明，葛花露和茶多酚能明显降低脑缺血再灌注后海马组织中ＬＰＯ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）及保护ＧＡＯ和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示葛花露和茶多酚对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

自发性高血压大鼠红细胞膜ATP酶活性的研究

以鼠龄相近、体重无差异的１８只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠作对照，测定了１９只ＳＨＲ红细胞膜Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ及Ｎａ＾＋、Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性、血浆离子钙、血清总钙及２４小时尿钙水平。结果显示，ＳＨＲ红细胞膜Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性较对照组显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。与对照组相比，ＳＨＲ红细胞膜Ｎａ＾＋、Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）但少数（２／１９）可在高水平。两酶活性均与鼠收缩压呈负相关。ＳＨＲ血     

普萘洛尔和苄普地尔消除左甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心脏肥厚和线粒…

目的：研究普萘洛尔和苄普地尔对左甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心脏肥厚及其线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力升高的影响。 方法：ｉｐ左甲状腺素１ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１·ｄ＾－１×１０ｄ，诱发大鼠心脏肥厚，然后ｉｇ普萘洛尔或苄普地尔１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１·ｄ＾－１×３ｄ治疗Ｃａ＾２＋Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力及其酶动力学参数测定。 结果：肥厚左室线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力和Ｖｍａｘ分别为２５±４和３５     

苄普地尔消退L－甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心肌肥厚及其质膜Ca~（2＋），Mg~（2＋

研究了苄普地尔对Ｌ－甲状腺素（１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×７ｄ）诱发的大鼠心肌肥厚和心肌质膜Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力增高的影响，经苄普地尔１０或２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｐｏ治疗３ｄ后，心肌肥厚及其升高的Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＿－ＡＴＰ酶活力和Ｖｍａｘ均降至正常，但甲状腺素引起的该酶对ＡＴＰ的亲和力降低未被苄普地尔改变。苄普地尔组左心室蛋白质含量较未治疗组亦显著减少，但未恢复至正常。结论：苄普地尔消退Ｌ－甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心肌肥厚，心肌Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力增高和蛋白质生物合成的增加。     

丙烯腈染毒双大鼠肝脏钙稳态某此指标的影响

本研究观察了丙烯腈对大鼠肝脏Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、ＮＡ＾＋／Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和磷酸化酶ａ（Ｐ－ａ）活性的影响,探讨其对大鼠肝脏钙稳态的影响。结果表明,随着染毒剂量的增大和染毒时间的延长,各ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均逐渐降低,而Ｐ－ａ的活性却逐渐升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。其中高剂量（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）组的各观察时段和染毒４２天时各染毒组酶活性的变化均具有显著性意义（Ｐ〈０．０５）     

卡托普利对肾血管性高血压大鼠血小板胞浆[Ca2 ]i及血浆TXA2/PGI2的影响

观察卡托普利（Ｃａｐ）对血浆血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）、前列腺环素（ＰＧＩ２）及血小板胞浆钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）、血小板聚集率（ＰＡｇ）的影响．方法：大鼠管饲Ｃａｐ１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，２ｗｋ．结果：二肾一夹型肾血管性高血压大鼠血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ａｎｇ）和ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２升高（Ｐ＜００５），血小板［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ及ＰＡｇ显著增高（Ｐ＜００１）．Ｃａｐ在显著降低血压同时，血浆ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２显著降低（Ｐ＜００５），且血小板［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ及ＰＡｇ也明显降低（Ｐ＜００１）．结论：Ｃａｐ对血小板［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ及血小板功能的影响与其改善ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２比值有关．     

Comparison of the action of epinephrine and a respiratory chain uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol, on Ca2+-mobilization in isolated hepatocytes and perfused livers

The effects of epinephrine and dinitrophenol (DNP) on Ca2+-fluxes and energy metabolism were compared in isolated rat hepatocytes and perfused rat livers. Epinephrine increased the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), with Ca2+ being extruded into the extracellular space. DNP also increased [Ca2+]i, but did not cause Ca2+ extrusion into the extracellular space. The maximal change of [Ca2+]i caused by DNP was much larger than that by epinephrine. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, the transient increase of [Ca2+]i due to epinephrine declined rapidly, while the DNP-induced increase was not affected. Although increased oxygen consumption was detected after the addition of epinephrine or DNP, tissue ATP contents decreased markedly by DNP, but not by epinephrine, suggesting that the Ca2+ extrusion is energy-dependent. DNP could activate glycogenolysis even after the depletion of the epinephrine-responsive Ca2+ store in isolated perfused liver, indicating that this intracellular Ca2+ store differed from the DNP-responsive store.     

利用体外诱导的钙振荡估测在体内源性物质的生理浓度．肝脏中的情况

AIM: To identify the physiological concentration ranges of norepinephrine (NE), vasopressin (VP), and ATP in the rat liver. METHODS: Rat hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion. Isolated cells were loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (Fura-2 AM). The effects of different concentrations of norepinephrine, vasopressin, and ATP on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) increases in the freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated. [Ca2+]i was measured by microfluorometry and recorded as fluorescence ratios (F340/F380). RESULTS: NE, VP, and ATP induced increases in [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. At lower concentrations, [Ca2+]i tended to show an oscillatory increase; with increasing concentrations, [Ca2+]i in more cells tended to show phasic or plateau increases. NE, VP, and ATP concentrations likely to induce an oscillatory [Ca2+]i response were 100 - 500 nmol/L, 50 - 100 pmol/L, and < 1 micromol/L respectively. CONCLUSION: Physiological concentrations of NE, VP, and ATP are 100 - 500 nmol/L, 50 - 100 pmol/L, and < 1 micromol/L respectively in the rat liver.     

Depression of the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity of the rat liver endoplasmic reticulum by the liver tumour promoters, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane and phenobarbital.

The effects of a short-term in vivo administration of two liver tumour promoters (phenobarbital and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane on rat liver endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase were investigated. The specific activity values of this membrane-bound enzyme significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) by 51% for phenobarbital-treated rats and by 48% for 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane-treated rats compared with control animals. The depression of liver endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase appears to be a manifestation of the toxicological effect of tumour promoters.     

Validation of confocal laser scanning microscopy for detecting intracellular calcium heterogeneity in liver slices.

To investigate changes in the intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) in liver lobules under aerobic and hypoxic conditions, we measured [Ca(2+)]i in liver slices using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The liver lobule is divided into 3 equal parts between the central vein and portal area, Zones 1, 2, and 3 from the portal side. [Ca(2+)]i in each zone of cultured rat liver lobules was measured by CLSM and a fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator (Rhod 2 AM). After the culture solution was changed to an Na(+)-free solution under aerobic conditions, the percentage of cells showing an increase in [Ca(2+)]i was 66.0+/-9.7% in Zone 1, 70.0+/-10.5% in Zone 2, and 94.0+/-9.7% in Zone 3. The percentage was significantly higher in Zone 3 than in Zones 1 and 2 (P< .01). Under hypoxic conditions, the percentage of cells showing an increase in [Ca(2+)]i was 6.0+/-9.7% in Zone 1, 8.0+/-10.3% in Zone 2, and 10.0+/-10.5% in Zone 3. There were no differences among the 3 zones. In all zones, the percentage was higher under aerobic conditions than under hypoxic conditions (P< .01). These results indicated that the increase in [Ca(2+)]i in liver lobules was heterogeneous. Measurement of [Ca(2+)]i in liver slices by CLSM was considered useful for studying heterogeneity between liver lobules, as well as between liver cells.     

三七总皂甙对大鼠肝细胞钙内流的阻断作用

目的：通过检测三七总皂甙（ＰＮＧＳ）对大鼠单离肝细胞Ｃａ２＋内流的影响，探讨其对肝缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的可能性。方法：采用胶原酶灌注法单离大鼠肝细胞，用４５Ｃａ示踪技术测定三七总皂甙对新鲜分离大鼠肝细胞Ｃａ２＋内流的影响。结果：肝细胞孵育在含４５Ｃａ生理液中，其细胞内４５Ｃａ浓度随孵育时间延长逐渐增高，１５ｍｉｎ时达高峰；２０ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１垂体加压素使４５Ｃａ浓度增高３９％。Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ、Ｎｉｆｅｄｉｐｉｎｅ和ＰＮＧＳ均能不同程度地阻断静息状态和垂体加压素激动下的肝细胞４５Ｃａ内流，ＰＮＧＳ阻断效果明显优于Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ和Ｎｉｆｅｄｉｐｉｎｅ，且呈剂量依赖性。结论：ＰＮＧＳ具有特异性阻断肝细胞受体依赖性钙通道（ＲＯＣ）的作用，是一种理想的肝细胞钙通道阻滞剂。     

Activation of glycogenolysis by the reduction in the extracellular calcium concentration in verapamil-perfused rat liver

In an attempt to elucidate the role of Ca2+ flux in the initial events of hepatic glycogenolysis, extracellular Ca2+ concentration was manipulated in rat liver perfused with Ca2+ antagonistic drugs. After the liver had been perfused with a buffer containing verapamil and 1 mM CaCl2, either the addition of ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid to the perfusate or the replacement of the perfusate with Ca2+-free buffer caused a rapid increase in glucose output as well as 45Ca2+ efflux. Substitution of diltiazem, but not 5-20 mM LaCl2, for verapamil also stimulated glucose output and 45Ca2+ efflux. However, when Ca+-free buffer was used throughout the experiment, any modes of verapamil or diltiazem perfusion were without significant effects on glucose output or Ca2+ efflux. The increases in glucose output and 45Ca2+ efflux were not affected by either 20 microM phentolamine or 300 microM ouabain, but they were inhibited significantly by 10-100 microM trifluoperazine. These results indicate that rapid decline in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration in verapamil- or diltiazem-perfused liver initiates the change in Ca2+ equilibrium on or across plasma membrane and activates glycogenolysis through a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.     

褪黑素对谷氨酸所致大鼠神经细胞Ca~(2+)内流的影响

目的 :研究褪黑素对谷氨酸引起的神经细胞Ca2 +内流的抑制作用。方法 :用Ca2 +敏感荧光指示剂Fura -2/AM负载大鼠脑细胞 ,测定神经细胞内游离Ca2 +浓度。结果 :谷氨酸500μmol/L可促进Ca2 +内流 ,显著增加细胞内游离Ca2 +浓度 (P<0. 01) ;应用褪黑素10 -5mol/L后可显著抑制Ca2 +内流 ,降低细胞内游离Ca2 +浓度 (P<0. 01)。结论 :褪黑素可通过抑制谷氨酸引起的Ca2 +内流保护神经细胞。     

Relaxant effect of prostaglandin D(2)--receptor DP agonist on liver myofibroblast contraction

Increased intrahepatic resistance causes portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Liver myofibroblasts (MFs) are now regarded as the principle cells involved in sinusoidal blood flow regulation. Many other prostaglandin-receptor agonists have been reported to regulate liver MF contraction, but the role of the prostaglandin D(2)-receptor DP is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of a synthetic agonist of prostanoid DP receptor, BW245C, on contractile properties of primary rat liver MFs. Collagen gel contraction assay revealed that BW245C alone (1 and 10 μM) did not induce contraction but induced cell relaxation. Pretreatment with BW245C (10 μM, 30 min) attenuated bradykinin (100 nM)-induced liver MF contraction. Elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) induced by bradykinin (100 nM) was partially suppressed by BW245C pretreatment (10 μM, 3 min). BW245C (1 and 10 μM) significantly increased intracellular cAMP level in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with forskolin (30 - 300 nM, 30 min) and dibutyryl-cAMP (3 - 30 μM, 30 min) significantly reduced bradykinin-induced contraction. Furthermore, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT5720 (10 nM to 1 μM, 30 min) blocked the relaxant effect of BW245C. These results suggest that prostanoid DP receptor agonism inhibits bradykinin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation and contraction through cAMP-PKA signal activation in rat liver MFs.     

茵黄合剂对肝内胆汁淤积大鼠肝脏GABA通路及胆汁转运体的影响

目的：观察茵黄合剂对肝内胆汁淤积模型大鼠肝脏GABA（γ-氨基丁酸）通路和胆汁转运体的影响。方法：以单次灌胃给予α-异硫氰酸萘酯诱导肝内胆汁淤积大鼠模型,给予茵黄合剂后,制备血浆和肝组织匀浆,ELISA法检测血液GABA含量,生化和ELISA法检测组织匀浆中Ca2+及cAMP含量;另取肝组织,免疫组化分析GABARA2、Pgp1、MRP2、NTCP及OATP表达水平。结果：茵黄合剂能显著降低肝内胆汁淤积模型大鼠血液中 GABA 水平及肝脏组织中GABARA2表达;同时逆转模型大鼠肝组织中Ca2+的升高及降低的cAMP;并能促进转运体Pgp1、MRP2、NTCP及OATP的表达。结论：茵黄合剂可调节肝内胆汁淤积模型大鼠GABA水平及效应,进而调控肝内Ca2+及cAMP水平,并调节胆酸盐转运体水平。     

肉苁蓉水提液对D-半乳糖致衰大鼠肝脏氧化损伤保护作用的研究

目的 :观察肉苁蓉水提液对 D-半乳糖致衰大鼠肝脏氧化损伤的保护作用。方法 :采用 D-半乳糖所致衰老模型大鼠 ,灌服肉苁蓉水提液 6周 ,测定肝脏活性氧单位、Ca2 + - ATP酶活性、肝线粒体 MDA含量、PL A2 活性。结果 :肉苁蓉水提液显著提高衰老模型大鼠肝脏活性氧单位、Ca2 + - ATP酶活性 (P <0 .0 1) ,显著降低肝线粒体 MDA含量、PL A2 活性(P<0 .0 1)。结论 :肉苁蓉水提液能提高衰老模型大鼠肝脏抗氧化能力 ,具有抗衰老作用