49例小肠出血的临床分析

目的 探讨小肠出血的诊断方法,方法 回顾性分析49例小肠出血的临床资料。结果 肿瘤21例（42.9%),以良性肿瘤多见;感染性疾病12例（24.5%);憩室8例（16.3%);血管畸形6例（12.2%),各种检查的阳性率,核素扫描76.9%,血管造影58.9%,肠系X线25%,术后再出血5例,短肠综合征1例。结论 小肠出血以肿瘤最常见,感染性疾病值得重视。核素扫描憩室的阳性率高,选择性血管造影对血管病变及富含血管的病变有较高的诊断价值,肠系X线对实质性病变及憩室的诊断率较高,剖腹探查结合术中内镜可以提高诊断率。     

小肠出血临床分析

目的　探讨小肠出血的诊断及治疗措施。方法　作者回顾分析自 1 979～ 2 0 0 0年收治的小肠出血性疾病 4 5例 ,均经单项或多项检查手段及手术探查证实。结果　采用动脉造影、核素扫描、小肠钡灌、小肠镜等手段发现良性疾病 38例 ,恶性疾病 7例。肿瘤占小肠出血比例最大。结论　血管造影具有较高的诊断率 ,并对手术有重要的指导价值。本组血管造影 2 0例 ,1 5例阳性。对诊断不清 ,一次出血量不大的病例剖腹探查需慎重考虑     

������������

肠梗阻的分类方法较多 ,有机械性、动力性和血运性 ;单纯性和绞窄性 ;完全性和不完全性 ;急性和慢性等。按梗阻部位分高位小肠梗阻、低位小肠梗阻和结直肠梗阻。高位肠梗阻通常是指十二指肠和空肠近端梗阻 ,低位是指回肠末端和结直肠梗阻。由于回肠梗阻在诊治方面同属于小肠梗阻。因此 ,本文综合国内外报道主要对结直肠梗阻的诊治情况进行论述。1　临床特点1 1　病因大肠梗阻占肠梗阻的 2 0 % [1] ,以机械性肠梗阻多见。麻痹性者可见于一些假性结肠梗阻 ,病变多限于盲肠、升结肠和横结肠 ,发生原因较多 ,约 5 0 %的病人发生在外科手术后和…     

The role of emergency endoscopy in acute lower intestinal hemorrhage

The diagnostic procedures performed in patients with acute lower intestinal haemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively. During a three year period 35 patients with acute rectal bleeding were admitted and these patients underwent altogether 79 endoscopies, 7 visceral angiographies and 7 labeled red cell scintigraphies. The bleeding source was identified by endoscopy in 31 (89%) patients and remained undetermined in 4 (11%). The most common lesions responsible for the bleeding were diverticula, ischemic colonopathy and tumors. Despite the clinical impression of lower GI-tract haemorrhage 4 patients (11%) bled from the upper GI-tract. We conclude that emergency gastroscopy and colonoscopy, performed in the intensive care unit, are the procedures of choice for the investigation of the patient with acute lower GI-tract bleeding.     

小肠间质瘤相关临床特征分析

目的 总结小肠间质瘤相关临床特征.方法 回顾性分析我科自2007年至2012年收治的31例小肠间质瘤患者的临床资料及随访资料.以腹部隐痛不适表现者7例,肠梗阻表现者8例,腹部包块表现着3例,消化道出血者11例,2例表现为纳差乏力等全身症状;术前行CT检查20例,11例诊断间质瘤,B超诊断9例,未能作出间质瘤诊断,上消化道造影3例,1例做出间质瘤诊断,内镜检查8例,4例做出间质瘤诊断;术后均行免疫组织化学检测：按照NIH分级：低风险度9例,中风险度5例,高风险度17例.结果 术后随访,复发10例,复发时间最短1个月,最长3年,中位时间18个月,复发后出现肝转移及网膜转移患者7例.结论 小肠间质瘤起病隐匿,缺乏临床特异性,术前诊断困难,术后更易复发.     

逼尿肌活动低下在下尿路症状中的临床特征及诊疗策略分析

目的:探讨逼尿肌活动低下(DU)在下尿路症状(LUTS)患者中的流行病学现状、临床特征及诊疗策略。方法:回顾性分析了我院1 019例排除神经源性膀胱及解剖结构异常的LUTS患者的尿流动力学检查结果及随访资料,探讨DU在LUTS中的流行病学及临床诊治特点,并对106例DU患者治疗前后行尿流动力学检查,结合文献进行临床分析。结果:在就诊患者中,储尿期症状最为多见,在男性患者中,排尿期症状稍多于储尿期症状,而女性患者储尿期症状明显多于排尿期症状。男性患者中膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的患者为57.9%,而女性患者中压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者达到了43.3%。27.4%男性及23.2%女性诊断为DU,男性及女性患病率差异无统计学意义。DU患者与非DU患者的临床表现无明显差异,均以LUTS为主要表现。DU可能合并有逼尿肌过度活动或BOO。DU随着年龄的增加,患病率逐渐增加。106例DU患者经治疗后行尿动力学检查发现逼尿肌收缩力有一定提高,治疗前后逼尿肌肌力差异有统计学意义。结论:DU是LUTS患者的常见病因,并有可能同时合并有逼尿肌过度活动或BOO。目前针对DU患者的治疗有一定效果。     

胃肠道术后显性肠瘘与隐性肠瘘临床特征分析

目的 通过回顾性分析胃肠道手术后显性肠瘘与隐性肠瘘的相关临床特征,探讨隐性肠瘘的临床特点与诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析80例肠瘘病人的临床资料,根据其腹腔引流物的性状分为显性肠瘘组(n=50)、隐性肠瘘组(n=30),对比性分析其性别、年龄、原发病的手术部位、病人的合并疾病、病人的肠瘘相关临床症状、肠瘘后相关实验室检验结果、治疗方式、病情转归、住院天数等临床资料,探讨、分析隐性肠瘘独特的临床特征,及其在临床诊治中的意义.结果 隐性肠瘘组与显性肠瘘组在性别、年龄和原发病的手术部位、合并疾病以及肠瘘相关临床症状等方面差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组的血淀粉酶、血胆红素、中性粒细胞百分比、中心静脉压、尿比重、红细胞压积差异也均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而显性肠瘘与隐性肠瘘两组病人影像学检查及引流物中淀粉酶[(3 988.0±1 912.0) U/L与(105.2±49.3) U/L]、胆红素[(220.4±122.0)μmol/L与(69.1±40.3)μmol/L]含量差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).显性肠瘘组病人均接受了手术治疗,其中3例出现血管内弥漫性凝血(DIC)、2例出现多器官衰竭而死亡,其余病人均痊愈;隐性肠瘘组病人初期均保守治疗,其中4例在治疗过程中转化为显性肠瘘,二期行手术治疗,2例后期分别出现DIC、多器官衰竭而死亡,其余病人均痊愈.隐性肠瘘病人的住院时间[(13±8)d]明显短于显性肠瘘病人[(27±10)d],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 隐性肠瘘作为一个独立的临床分型与显性肠瘘既有区别,又有联系,其可转化为显性肠瘘,具有独特的临床特性与转归,在临床上需特别重视.     

The surgical treatment concept in acute intestinal hemorrhage

A clinically developed and prospectively verified therapeutic concept for acute intestinal bleeding is presented in this paper. Emphasis is laid on orthograde lavage likely to enable sooner and more effective use of diagnostic means and to provide optimal conditions for surgical therapy. Prognosis can be further improved by differentiated use of therapeutic endoscopy and early elective surgery. The effectiveness of this new therapeutic concept has been successfully verified on 81 patients, between 1975 and 1986. Lethality amounted to five per cent.     

腹腔镜辅助下治疗小儿下消化道出血13例

目的探讨腹腔镜诊断和治疗小肠Meckel憩室的价值. 方法对11例术前疑似Meckel憩室病儿行腹腔镜探查,2例腹腔镜阑尾切除术中偶然发现合并憩室,确诊后经脐部延伸小切口,提出肠管在腹外手术. 结果 13例病儿均无中转开腹手术,手术时间30～90 min,平均75 min.术后5～6 d出院,无任何并发症. 结论腹腔镜是Meckel憩室诊断和治疗的一种行之有效的方法.     

颈椎病的临床特点和治疗

颈椎病(cervical spondylosis,CS)是较为常见的脊柱退行性疾病,我国颈椎病患病率为3.8%～17.5%[1],保守治疗无效者常需手术治疗,手术方式包括颈前路、颈后路及前后路联合等。随着各种内固定材料的发展,颈椎病的手术方式也有了不断革新。本文就颈椎病的临床表现和手术发展趋势作一探讨,以便更好地促进颈椎病诊疗水平的总体提高。1颈椎病的分型和临床表现1.1颈型颈椎病临床上以青壮年居多,多与长期低头工作,颈部长时间屈曲有关。主要表现为颈部酸、痛、胀等局部症状,部分患者颈部活动受限,X线片表现为颈椎生理曲度变直或反弓。1.2神经根型颈椎病因髓核突出、骨赘形     

胸腰段椎管狭窄症的临床特点和治疗

[目的]探讨胸腰段椎管狭窄症的临床特点、手术治疗方法.[方法]回顾总结胸腰段椎管狭窄症资料21例,采用后路全椎板切除6例、全椎板切除+椎弓根钉系统内固定12例、前路手术+内固定3例;分析其病理类型及术后疗效.[结果]胸腰段椎管狭窄病理类型包括关节突关节内聚增生、后纵韧带骨化、黄韧带骨化、黄韧带肥厚、Scheuermann病或非典型Scheuermann病伴椎间盘突出.术后随访1～3年,平均2.1年,采用JOA评分评价疗效:优9例,良7例,一般3例,差2例,优良率76.2％.[结论]胸腰段椎管狭窄症神经压迫症状较重,应尽早明确诊断,根据不同病理类型、选择合适的手术方式有针对的进行减压是治疗的关键.     

急性下消化道出血52例临床分析

目的分析急性下消化道出血的临床特征,探讨其诊断和治疗措施。方法对52例急性下消化道出血病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 52例经结肠镜检、选择性动脉造影、手术探查及病理检查证实其病因分别为:结肠肿瘤15例(28.8%),小肠肿瘤9例(17.3%),肠道血管病变9例(17.3%),直肠癌8例(15.4%),息肉5例(9.6%),炎症性肠病4例(7.7%),原因不明2例(3.8%)。其中43例行手术治疗,9例行非手术治疗。51例治愈或成功止血,1例死于手术后多器官功能衰竭(multiple organ failure,MOF)。结论急性下消化道出血的大部分病例可通过结肠镜检、选择性动脉造影、手术探查及病理检查明确病因及出血部位,术中肠镜检查有助于确诊;手术切除病灶是最有效的治疗方法。     

急性下消化道大出血的诊断和治疗

目的探讨急性下消化道大出血的诊断和治疗方法。方法对本院25例急性下消化道大出血的临床表现,特殊检查(如纤维胃镜、结肠镜、气钡结肠造影、急诊选择性腹腔动脉造影以及核素扫描)进行了分析和对比。结果选择性腹腔动脉造影和核素扫描的阳性诊断率分别为78.6%和86.4%,而气钡结肠造影的阳性率为67%,急诊结肠镜检查的阳性率仅为41%。结论尽管急性下消化道大出血的最有效的诊断方法是选择性腹腔动脉造影和核素扫描,但急诊肠道镜检查仍应为下消化道大出血的常规检查。如果血管造影疑为肠血管性疾病出血时则应保留导管,术中注入亚甲兰有助于术中的定位诊断,且术中肠道镜检查也可提高诊断率。     

Clinical course and surgical treatment of intestinal endometriosis

The article presents clinical characteristics of the disease and an analysis of results of treatment of 33 patients with endometriosis of the colon. Ways of spreading endometriosis resulting in alteration of the intestine are shown such as the invasive, implantational and metastatic ways. Resection of the intestine wall with anastomosis in 3/4 after Melnikov was fulfilled in 15 patients with endometriosis of the sigmoid and superampullar portion of the large intestine. Low frontal resection with the formation of compression anastomosis with the help of a native device AKA-2 was performed in 18 patients with the alteration of the rectum. Reinforcing hormone therapy is recommended to all the patients in the postoperative period.     

Clinical features and outcomes following bilateral lower limb amputation in Korea

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of 43 bilateral lower limb amputees. The clinical features obtained included the causes of amputation, level of amputation, concurrent medical problems, and stump condition. Outcome measures were obtained using the activities of daily living (ADL) index, the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), and mobility grading with prostheses or wheelchair. Of 33 amputees who were prosthetic ambulators, 22 (67%), mainly bilateral trans-tibial (TT) amputees, were community ambulators, and participated in activities which included stair-walking, and six of 11 household ambulators were combination trans-femoral (TF) and TT amputees. Of 10 amputees who were wheelchair ambulators, only one was able to perform wheelchair transfers independently and five were independent wheelchair ambulators. Using the ADL index and FAI, there was no significant difference in scores according to the level of amputation (p > 0.05), but the scores of community prosthetic ambulators were significantly higher than those of wheelchair ambulators (p < 0.05). Age was found to be negatively correlated with ADL index and FAI scores (r = -0.518 vs. r = -0.550) (p < 0.01). This study concludes that overall independence in ADL after bilateral lower limb amputation improved with young age and prosthetic mobility.