Females with angina pectoris have altered lipoprotein metabolism with elevated cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and impaired high-density lipoproteins-associated antioxidant enzymes

In order to investigate non-invasive biomarkers for angina pectoris (AP), we analyzed the lipid and protein composition in individual lipoproteins from females with angina pectoris (n=22) and age- and gender-matched controls (n=20). In the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction, the triglycerides (TG) and protein content increased in the AP group compared to the control group. The AP group had lower total cholesterol (TC) and elevated TG in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. In the AP group, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity was enhanced in HDL and LDL, while lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in HDL3 was almost depleted. Antioxidant activity was significantly decreased in the HDL3 fraction, with a decrease in the HDL2 particle size. In the HDL3 fraction, paraoxonase and platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity were much lower and the levels of CETP and apoC-III were elevated in the AP group. The LDL from the AP group was more sensitive to cupric ion-mediated oxidation with faster mobility. In conclusion, the lipoprotein fractions in the AP group had impaired antioxidant activity and increased TG and apoC-III with structural and functional changes.     

Usefulness of examination of the cholesterol versus triglyceride ratio for lipoprotein fractions in a patient with marked hyper-triglyceridemia

A patient consulted the emergency room with acute pancreatitis, hypertriglyceridemia, and diabetes mellitus, and was later admitted to the hospital. Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC) and total triglyceride (TTG), and the cholesterol(Chol) versus triglyceride(TG) ratio(Chol/TG) for lipoprotein fractions were examined periodically during the course of treatment using Chol/Trig Combo, which identifies Chol and TG by differential staining. On admission, the patient's TTG, pancreatic amylase and glucose levels were 4020 mg/dl, 2012 IU/l, and 242 mg/dl, respectively. Clinofibrate administration resulted in a decrease in Chol and TG values for all fractions. However, the Chol/TG ratios were unchanged(HDL of 0.2 to 0.4, VLDL of approximately 0.13, and LDL of 0.1 to 0.2: Reference values from 103 healthy students were as follows: HDL 5.8 +/- 2.0, VLDL 0.39 +/- 0.1, and LDL 4.9 +/- 1.3[Mean +/- SD].). During clinofibrate treatment, TC and TG values gradually increased. Clinofibrate was discontinued and fenofibrate administration was initiated. This was followed by a dramatic improvement in TC, TTG and Chol/TG values for both HDL and LDL. The monitoring of lipoprotein fraction values proved useful for determining the treatment regimen for this patient with hypertriglyceridemia.     

丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀短期治疗对老年脑梗死患者血脂的影响

目的：探讨丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀短期治疗对高龄老年脑梗死患者血脂水平的影响。方法：收集筛选我院神经内科2012年7月至2014年6月入院治疗的高龄老年(≥80岁)脑梗死病例200例,按治疗方法分为2组：他汀组：98例,予阿托伐他汀降脂、抗血小板药物改善脑循环等综合治疗;丁苯酞+他汀组：102例,在他汀组的治疗基础上加用丁苯酞治疗。检测2组患者治疗1周前后的血脂生化指标水平,分析丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀短期治疗对高龄脑梗死患者血脂水平的影响。结果：他汀组治疗后的总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平显著降低(P<0.05),三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和脂蛋白a[lipoprotein (a),Lp(a)]水平治疗前后无显著变化(P>0.05);丁苯酞+他汀组治疗后的TG、TC、LDL水平显著降低(P<0.05),HDL、Lp(a)水平无显著变化(P>0.05);丁苯酞+他汀组TG、TC、LDL水平降低的幅度显著高于他汀组(P<0.05)。结论：丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀短期治疗可显著改善高龄老年脑梗死患者的TG、TC、LDL水平,而对HDL、Lp(a)水平无显著影响。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血脂水平测定

目的研究妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的血脂变化。方法选择正常孕妇4O例（对照组）,妊娠期糖尿病孕妇75例,测定空腹静脉血清胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A（ApoA）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）、脂蛋白a（Lp（a））水平。结果妊娠期糖尿病组与对照组相比,TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB测定值升高（P〈0.05）,HDL-C、ApoA测定值降低（P〈0.05）,Lp（a）无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论血脂代谢异常可能在妊娠期糖尿病的发病中起一定作用。     

正常妊娠及妊娠期糖尿病患者血脂代谢特点

目的观察妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM）孕妇和正常妊娠孕妇不同孕期的血脂代谢特点,探讨妊娠早中期血脂变化与GDM的关系。方法选择在我院门诊就诊的正常健康孕妇（A组）及GDM孕妇（B组）,两组分别于孕14-19周、28-34周抽取空腹静脉血测定血浆总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、载脂蛋白AI（APOAI）、载脂蛋白B（APOB）、脂蛋白A（LPA）。结果 （1）正常妊娠组与GDM组孕妇随着孕周的增加,TC、TG、APOB、LDL值显著升高（P〈0.01）,APOAI值明显升高（P〈0.05）,正常妊娠组中LPA值随孕周增加明显升高（P〈0.05）;（2）GDM组孕妇在孕14-19周及孕28-34周,TG值较同孕周的正常妊娠组显著升高（P〈0.01）,APOB值在GDM组孕14-19周时明显高于同期正常妊娠组（P〈0.01）;（3）TC、LDL、HDL、APOAI、LPA在两组不同孕周间比较均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,HDL值随两组孕周增加升高不明显（P〉0.05）。结论GDM孕妇在不同孕周的甘油三酯水平均高于正常妊娠孕妇;GDM孕妇在孕早中期较正常妊娠孕妇存在更早期、更明显的脂代谢紊乱。在孕早中期监测血糖、血脂水平,及时制定合理的饮食计划,可减少GDM的发生和尽早防治其可能带来的母婴危害。     

Effects on lipids and lipoproteins in women treated with oestradiol and progesterone

Thirty women with climacteric symptoms were treated for 4 months with 2 mg 17β-oestradiol and different doses of progesterone (50, 100 or 200 mg). The concentrations of total and free cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides (TG), apoprotein A1 and apoprotein B were determined in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fractions and in serum. HDL levels increased and LDL levels decreased, while TG levels in VLDL remained unchanged, which indicates that the lipoprotein pattern is oestrogen-induced and that progesterone exerts little or no influence.     

Effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on plasma levels of nitric oxide and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy (TERT) on plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, involved 43 postmenopausal healthy women who had previously undergone hysterectomy. Women received either transdermal 100 microg 17beta-estradiol (Climara forte TTS) or placebo once a week for 3 months. Plasma levels of NO metabolites, estradiol (E2), total cholesterol (TC), triglicerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), HDL2 and HDL3 were measured in blood samples of all women which were collected before, after 24 h and after 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: We found significantly increased NO levels 24 h after therapy in TERT group. Moreover significantly higher NO levels were determined at 3rd month of therapy. Serum HDL and HDL2 levels of ERT group were significantly increased at 3rd month of therapy. Alteration of serum levels of HDL3, LDL and TC were not significantly different in groups. TG levels were significantly decreased in TERT group. DISCUSSION: NO-related mechanism may help to explain the cardio-protective effect of TERT in the postmenopausal period. TERT seems to have favorable effects on plasma lipids in surgical menopausal women.     

The association between dyslipidemia and anthropometric indicators in black and white adolescents residing in Tlokwe Municipality,North-West Province,South Africa: the PAHL study

Background

The dyslipidemia associated with excess weight is a risk for cardiovascular disease. Worldwide and in South Africa adolescent obesity has been reported.

Objectives

To determine the association between dyslipidemia and anthropometric indices in black and white adolescents.

Methods

The study involved 129 black and 69 white adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. Data collected included height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds, blood pressure and blood for glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (Trig) and C - reactive protein (CRP).

Results

WC correlated negatively with HDL in both blacks (p=0.042) and whites (p=0.008) and in whites it correlated positively with LDL (p=0.006); TC/HDL (p=<0.001) and LDL/HDL ratio (p<0.0001). WC/Hgt correlated negatively with HDL (p=0.028) and positively with LDL/HDL (p=0.026 and p<0.0001) in both races. In whites positive correlations were between WC/Hgt and TC (p=0.049); LDL (p=0.003) and TC/HDL (p<0.0001). BAZ correlated positively with TC/HDL ratio (p=0.004) and LDL/HDL ratio (p=0.002). The most common abnormalities were HDL and LDL.

Conclusion

Whites exhibited more associations between dyslipidemia and anthropometric indicators as compared to Blacks, suggesting that there might be differences in the lipid metabolism or even susceptibility to risk factors in adolescents.     

Lipid, glucose and homocysteine metabolism in women treated with a GnRH agonist with or without raloxifene

BACKGROUND: Although GnRH analogues are widely used to treat a variety of sex hormone-related diseases, little is known about their effect on metabolism. Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of a GnRH analogue, administered with or without raloxifene, on serum levels of lipoproteins, glucose, insulin and homocysteine (Hcy). METHODS: One hundred premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas were initially enrolled and randomized to receive 3.75 mg/28 days leuprolide acetate depot associated with 60 mg/day raloxifene hydrochloride (group A) or 1 placebo tablet/day (group B) for six cycles of 28 days. At entry and at cycle 6, subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, including body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio measurements, and blood chemistry assays for serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, Hcy, vitamin B(12) and folate concentrations. Insulin resistance was evaluated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score. RESULTS: Baseline parameters were similar in the two groups. At cycle 6, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in group B. In group A, LDL-C levels were unchanged, and TC, HDL-C and TG levels were increased (P < 0.05). Serum TC and LDL-C levels differed (P < 0.05) between the groups. Glucose levels were unchanged between and within groups, whereas insulin levels and HOMA scores increased (P < 0.05) versus baseline in group B. Post-treatment Hcy levels were higher (P < 0.05) versus baseline in group B; they were unchanged in group A. Serum vitamin B(12) and folate concentrations were unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: GnRH analogues alter serum lipoprotein and Hcy levels and increase insulin resistance. These acute metabolic changes may be prevented or reduced by raloxifene.     

Prolactin and growth hormone secretion after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone infusion and dopaminergic (DA2) blockade in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis

BACKGROUND: The origin of infertility in patients with endometriosis without tubal occlusion has not yet been clearly defined. Several reports show an abnormal pituitary-ovarian axis in this group of patients. Moreover, prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) secretion is closely related to reproductive status. This study aimed to evaluate PRL and GH secretion after metoclopramide and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) infusion in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis. METHODS: A total of 64 women participated in the study: 33 fertile patients without endometriosis; 10 fertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis; and 21 infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis. TRH or metoclopramide was administered randomly in two sequential menstrual cycles (cycle days 3-5). Serum PRL and GH secretion before and after dopaminergic type 2 (DA2) receptor blockade and TRH were compared. RESULTS: Higher serum PRL levels were observed in patients with endometriosis at baseline and after 15 and 30 min of TRH administration. Also, infertile patients with endometriosis had lower serum estradiol levels than fertile patients. Moreover, the dopaminergic blockade did not result in abnormal PRL or GH secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased serum estradiol levels and altered PRL secretion after TRH administration in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis are related to ovulatory dysfunction and infertility in this group of patients without tubal occlusion.     

Lipid metabolic changes during hormonal treatment of endometriosis

Three groups of patients with pelvic endometriosis were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 50 mg/day (n = 10), lynestrenol (LYN) 10 mg/day (n = 25) and danazol (DAN) 600 mg/day (n = 25) respectively. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, alpha-lipoprotein, prebetalipoprotein, beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A1 and B concentrations were determined before treatment and after 3 and 6 mth of therapy. Whereas lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels did not change in the MPA group, the patients on LYN and in particular those on DNA showed marked changes in lipoportein patterns. Alpha-lipoprotein, HDL and apolipoprotein A1 levels fell, while beta-lipoprotein, LDL and apolipoprotein concentrations rose, these changes being statistically significant. No alterations were seen in the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides or prebetalipoprotein cholesterol. In view of a possible relationship between high LDL and low HDL levels and a risk of accelerated coronary arteriosclerosis in women it was concluded that progestogen-induced alterations in lipoprotein patterns should be avoided as far as long-term treatment is concerned and where additional risk factors are present.     

Lipoproteins and BMI: a comparison between women during transition to menopause and regularly menstruating healthy women

One hundred and forty-three women born 1942 were followed for 5 years during transition to menopause (49--54 years of age). Changes in menopausal status, body mass index (BMI) and circulating lipoproteins cholesterol, (chol), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein, (HDL) and total triglycerides (TG) were measured, once yearly and compared with a control group of normally menstruating healthy, non-smoking women 23--39 years old. Results: Chol was significantly higher P<0.0001 in the study group visits 1--5 when compared with the controls and higher at visit 4 compared with visit 1(P<0.05) LDL was significantly lower in the study group and at visit 5 compared with visit 2 (P<0.05) HDL was significantly lower at visits 1--3 and 5 when compared with the controls (P<0.001) and to visit 4 (P<0.0001). TG was significantly higher in the study group (P<0.0001) and increased significantly during the 5-year study. BMI was significantly higher in the older women (P<0.001) and increased during 5-years of study (P<0.0001). When multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed at visit 5 using education, menopausal status, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), BMI and smoking as predictor variables, postmenopausal status was found to be significantly associated with high LDL (P<0.3), while high BMI significantly predicted low HDL and high TG levels. Perimenopausal status was significantly associated with high HDL levels. Conclusion: Age, BMI and menopausal status are significant predictors of circulating lipoprotein levels during transition to menopause.     

Acute effects of estradiol and progesterone on insulin, lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women: a pilot study

OBJECTIVES: To examine the acute effects of estradiol-17beta (E(2)) and progesterone (P) on serum levels of insulin, lipids and lipoproteins in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, whereby, a direct cause-effect relationship could be established without the influence of lifestyle changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine postmenopausal women were given oral E(2) (Estrace) 2 mg/day for 28 days and oral micronized P (Prometrium) 200 mg/day in the last 14 days of E(2) treatment. Fasting blood samples were obtained before starting E(2) (day 1) and P (day 15) and on day 29. Serum levels of insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) at the three time points were compared by Friedman analysis of variance (ANOVA). Corresponding levels of glucose, the apolipoproteins (Apo) A1 and B and serum androgen levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: E(2) decreased while P increased fasting levels of insulin (32.45+/-3.57, 26.36+/-2.90 and 37.36+/-3.67 pmol/l on day 1, 15 and 29 respectively; P<0.01). Fasting glucose to insulin ratios changed inversely (P<0.01). E(2) increased HDL from 1.07+/-0.05 mmol/l on day 1 to 1.17+/-0.07 mmol/l on day 29 but decreased corresponding levels of Lp(a) from 261+/-93 to 211+/-83 U/l (P=0.03 for both). TC and LDL levels fell significantly after 14 days of E(2) treatment with no further decrease when P was added. Androgen levels remained unchanged during hormone treatment. CONCLUSION: The sequential, acute effects of E(2) and micronized P on insulin and lipids confirm a direct cause-effect relationship. The acute effects of P on insulin in particular, highlights the importance of standardizing the medication days according to estrogen and progestin in the clinical evaluation of their true metabolic impact in longer-term studies and may influence the choice of progestin type, dose and duration in hormone replacement.     

内源性高甘油三酯血症患者血浆VLDL、LDL及HDL对血凝的影响

目的：研究内源性高甘油三酯血症(HTG)患血浆极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)是否发生了氧化修饰及其对血凝的影响。方法：对2l例内源性高甘油三酯血症患与2l例年龄性别相近的正常人的血脂、脂质过氧化物进行了分析。用一次性密度梯度超速离心法分离血浆VLDL、LDL及HDL，测定这三种脂蛋白的234nm光吸收、相对电泳迁移率(REM)和硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)，分别将这三种脂蛋白加入由正常人新鲜混合血浆构成的反应系统中，按试剂盒分别测定凝血酶原时间(PT)及活化部分凝血酶原时间(APIT)。结果：内源性HTG患血浆TG含量平均升高2．73倍，HDLC下降l.7l倍，同时LPO升高1．22倍;HTG组VLDL、LDL及HDL的REM、234nm光吸收值、TBARS含量均较对照组显增加(P＜0．01)，表明内源性HTG患血浆VLDL、LDL及LDL均发生了氧化修饰生成Ox—VLDL、Ox-LDL.PT及APTT在分别加入HTG组的VLDL、LDL及HDL后均比加入相应正常组脂蛋白明显缩短(P均＜0．05)。相关分析表明，HTG组血浆VLDL及HDL相对电泳迁移率(REM)与PT呈负相关(P＜0．01)。结论：HTG患血浆VLDL、LDL及HDL发生了氧化修饰，并使PT及APTT明显缩短。     

利培酮与氯氮平对女性首发精神分裂症患者血脂的影响

目的 探讨利培酮与氯氮平对女性首发精神分裂症患者血脂的影响.方法 将55例女性首发精神分裂症患者随机分为利培酮组25例,氯氮平组30例,于治疗前及治疗8周末检测血脂水平并进行比较.结果 氯氮平组治疗后甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醉(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、载脂蛋白B(APOB)明显升高(P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)明显降低,利培酮组治疗后TG、APOB明显升高,而TC、LDL、HDL治疗前后无明显变化.结论 利培酮、氯氮平均可导致女性首发精神分裂症患者的血脂异常.利培酮较氯氮平对血脂影响较小.临床用药时应注意监测血脂的变化,及早采取相应的预防措施.     

非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者超敏C反应蛋白及血脂代谢的影响

目的:探讨4种非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者超敏C反应蛋白及血脂代谢的影响。方法:将115例连续住院的精神分裂症患者随机分为氯氮平组(29例)、利培酮组(29例)、奥氮平组(28例)、阿立哌唑组(29例),设正常对照组(30例)。均观察12周。在治疗前和治疗12周后分别检测各组的超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白A1(APoA1)、载脂蛋白B(APoB)。测量身高和体重,并计算体质量指数(BMI)。结果:112周后氯氮平组、利培酮组、奥氮平组的hs-CPR(t=-3.512,-21.272,-3.364)、TG(t=-3.431,-3.442,-3.766)、TC(t=-3.260,-17.395,-17.626)、HDL(t=7.634,10.932,8.627)、LDL(t=-3.910,-4.339,-4.274)、BMI(t=-69.570,-33.204,-60.610)均较前有明显差异(P0.05);奥氮平组还包括ApoB较前有明显差异(t=-3.173,P0.05);阿立哌唑组TC(t=-18.974)、LDL(t=-3.230)、BMI(t=-4.743)较前有明显差异(P0.05);健康对照组的各项指标较前均无明显差异(P0.05);2治疗12周后各组通过LSD两两比较:氯氮平组、奥氮平组患者hs-CRP明显升高(P0.05);氯氮平组、利培酮组和奥氮平组的TC、HDL明显升高(P0.05);氯氮平组的BMI明显高于其他4组(P0.05)。结论:氯氮平、利培酮、奥氮平均有导致hs-CPR、血脂及BMI增高的可能性,将来可能发生心血管疾病的风险也明显增高。     

血清镁在多囊卵巢综合征患者中的水平及临床意义

目的 探究血清镁在多囊卵巢综合征患者中的临床意义.方法 选择在我院就诊的40例PCOS患者为观察组.同时,本研究选取40例非PCOS患者为对照组.检测所有患者血清空腹血糖、镁、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及胰岛素水平.结果 观察组患者TG、胰岛素和HOMA-IR水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而FBS、TC、HDL、LDL水平则没有明显的改变,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组血清镁水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);血清镁水平诊断PCOS患者的最佳cutoff值为1.505mmoL/L,其中灵敏度80.0％,特异性82.5％,AUC值0.829.结论 PCOS患者血清镁水平明显降低,并且患者血清镁诊断PCOS诊断准确性中等,具有一定的临床参考价值.     

Effects of continuous combined conjugated estrogen/medroxyprogesterone acetate and 17beta-estadiol/norethisterone acetate on lipids and lipoproteins

OBJECTIVES: Various estrogen/progestogen combinations used in hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) have been reported to influence lipid and lipoprotein fractions differently. This motivated a comparative study where the two continuous combined regimens most commonly used in Sweden during the 1990s have been studied regarding effects on lipid profile. METHODS: In a 1-year prospective, double-blind study, 62 post-menopausal women were randomized to conjugated estrogen (CE), 0.625 mg, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 5 mg, or 17beta-estradiol (E2), 2 mg, and norethisterone acetate (NETA), 1 mg. Serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins were measured at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. RESULTS: Both treatment groups significantly lowered the lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels. The CE/MPA group showed no significant changes in total cholesterol (TC), high-density (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but a significant increase of triglyceride (TG) levels. The E2/NETA group developed a significant lowering of total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL, but no significant changes of TG levels. The magnitude of change in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL and TG differed significantly between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous combined treatment with CE/MPA and E2/NETA equally lowered Lp(a), an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women. Apart from this, the two treatments produced different effects on lipids and lipoproteins, findings that are more delicate to interpret.     

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in patients with coronary artery diseases and in diabetic patients

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world, diabetics and patients with coronary artery diseases in particular. In fact, the increase of cardiovascular risk was established in many epidemiological and clinical studies. The aim of this work is to study both the lipid profile and the enzymatic activity of PON1 in diabetics and coronary patients from Morocco (Casablanca region) along with the cardiovascular risk factors in this population. Three groups of Moroccan subjects were investigated: 36 patients with coronary artery diseases, 110 diabetic patients and 100 healthy subjects (control group). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-HDL) levels were evaluated using colorimetric methods. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-LDL) was calculated according to the Friedewald's formula. Serum activity of PON1 was measured by spectrophotometry. Compared to healthy subjects, we noted a significant decrease of PON1 activity in coronary artery disease (285?U/mL?±?180?U/mL; P?相似文献   

The influence of apo E phenotypes on the plasma triglycerides response to hormonal replacement therapy during the menopause.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of apo E phenotype in plasma lipids, especially in triglycerides levels, in menopausal women receiving hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS: One hundred and ten postmenopausal women were studied. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and triglycerides (TG) were measured before and after 3 months of HRT and the apo E phenotype was determined. According to the apo E phenotype the sample was divided into three groups: E2/E3 (n=28), E3/E3 (n=96) and E4/E3 (n=25). RESULTS: In the pre-treatment state, higher plasma levels of TC and TC/HDL-C ratio were observed in women with phenotype E3/E4 (P<0.0001 and P<0.02, respectively), while higher plasma TG levels were found in the apo E2/E3 group (P<0.0001). After HRT, women with phenotype E3/E4 showed higher levels of TC and TC/HDL-C ratio (P<0.0001 and P<0.006, respectively). The apo E2/E3 phenotype group showed increased levels of TG (P<0.0001). In the multivariant analysis the changes of TG after HRT were related to the type of treatment used (P<0.001), age (P=0.05) and the apo E phenotype (E2/E3). CONCLUSION: Women with phenotype E2/E3 have higher plasma TG levels and show a significant post HRT increase compared with the other phenotypes. Other factors with a lower impact on TG levels are age and progestagen association.