Time course of antioxidant enzyme activities in liver transplant recipients

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in ischemia-reperfusion injury after organ transplantation. They are degraded by endogenous radical scavengers such as antioxidant enzymes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations of antioxidant enzyme activities in liver transplant recipients. The study was performed in 13 liver transplant patients (11 men and 2 women). Blood samples were obtained pre- and postsurgical intervention: before transplant (T(0)), and 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, as well as 5 and 7 days thereafter. We determined total and specific superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The results showed increased SOD and mainly GPX activities after liver transplantation, which correlated with MDA levels. Total SOD activity was mainly represented by Mn-SOD (75%) and Cu,Zn-SOD (25%), whereas Fe-SOD was not detected. In conclusion, the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities reported in this study indicated a control of oxidative stress generated in liver transplantation. In this sense, although MDA levels showed an enormeous increase at 1 hour after transplantation, the lipid peroxidation was compensated for by GPX activity.     

Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 disturb the antioxidant enzyme system in bovine chondrocytes: a possible explanation for oxidative stress generation

OBJECTIVE: Beside matrix metalloproteinases, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the main biochemical factors of cartilage degradation. To prevent ROS toxicity, chondrocytes possess a well-coordinated enzymatic antioxidant system formed principally by superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). This work was designed to assess the effects of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 on the enzymatic activity and gene expression of SODs, CAT and GPX in bovine chondrocytes. METHODS: Bovine chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer for 4-96 h in the absence or in the presence of IL-1beta (0.018-1.8ng/ml) or IL-6 (10-100 ng/ml). To study signal transduction pathway, inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (PD98059, SB203580 and SP600125) (5-20 microM) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB inhibitors [BAY11-7082 (1-10 microM) and MG132 (0.1-10 microM)] were used. SODs, CAT and GPX enzymatic activities were evaluated in cellular extract by using colorimetric enzymatic assays. Mn SODs, Cu/Zn SOD, extracellular SOD (EC SOD), CAT and GPX gene expressions were quantified by real-time and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Mn SOD and GPX activities were dose and time-dependently increased by IL-1beta. In parallel, IL-1beta markedly enhanced Mn SOD and GPX gene expressions, but decreased Cu/Zn SOD, EC SOD and CAT gene expressions. Induction of SOD enzymatic activity and Mn SOD mRNA expression were inhibited by NF-kappaB inhibitors but not by MAPK inhibitors. IL-6 effects were similar but weaker than those of IL-1beta. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, IL-1beta, and to a lesser extend IL-6, dysregulates enzymatic antioxidant defenses in chondrocyte. These changes could lead to a transient accumulation of H(2)O(2) in mitochondria, and consequently to mitochondria damage. These changes contribute to explain the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in osteoarthritis chondrocytes.     

罗格列酮对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的研究罗格列酮对肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及潜在机制。方法将60只大鼠随机分成假手术组、缺血再灌注损伤组、罗格列酮10 mg/kg组、罗格列酮20 mg/kg组、罗格列酮40 mg/kg组和罗格列酮80 mg/kg组,每组各10只。利用血管夹夹闭大鼠双侧肾蒂构建肾缺血再灌注损伤模型。ELISA检测大鼠血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)表达量;Western blot检测过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)和p-PPAR-γ表达水平;RT-PCR检测肾脏IL-8、TNF-α和IL-6信使核酸序列(mRNA)水平;黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;TBA法检测丙二醛(MDA)的含量;过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)染色检测肾组织病理形态。结果与假手术组相比,缺血再灌注损伤组肾组织病理损伤和Cr、BUN、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-6、p-PPAR-γ以及MDA表达水平均明显增加,而CAT、GPX和SOD活性明显降低以及PPAR-γ表达差异无统计学意义;与缺血再灌注损伤组相比,罗格列酮预处理可明显减少肾组织病理损伤和Cr、BUN、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-6以及MDA表达水平,但可明显增加CAT、GPX和SOD活性以及p-PPAR-γ表达水平,但对PPAR-γ表达水平无影响。结论罗格列酮预处理对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护,其作用机制与激活PPAR-γ抑制氧化应激和炎症相关。     

Effect of Curcumin on Cisplatin- and Oxaliplatin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 Cells

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the nephrotoxicity of platinum anticancer drugs. This study involved incubation of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells in cell culture media supplemented with cisplatin or oxaliplatin in the presence or absence of curcumin, a well-studied antioxidant. Thereafter several indices of oxidative stress have been measured, which included glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and antioxidant enzymes [(superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GPX)]. The impact of platinum drugs on cells viability, lipid peroxidation, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage was also examined. The results show that at both acute (60 min) and chronic (24 h) durations of incubation, cisplatin and oxaliplatin induced oxidative stress as evidenced by significant inhibition of the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX enzymes as well as significant reduction of the concentrations of GSH and TAC. Curcumin ameliorated the oxidative stress induced by these insults by significantly restoring the measured oxidative indices. Our findings provide evidence that curcumin significantly ameliorates oxidative stress induced by both cisplatin and oxaliplatin in HEK cells.     

Effect of curcumin on cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-induced oxidative stress in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the nephrotoxicity of platinum anticancer drugs. This study involved incubation of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells in cell culture media supplemented with cisplatin or oxaliplatin in the presence or absence of curcumin, a well-studied antioxidant. Thereafter several indices of oxidative stress have been measured, which included glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and antioxidant enzymes [(superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GPX)]. The impact of platinum drugs on cells viability, lipid peroxidation, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage was also examined. The results show that at both acute (60 min) and chronic (24 h) durations of incubation, cisplatin and oxaliplatin induced oxidative stress as evidenced by significant inhibition of the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX enzymes as well as significant reduction of the concentrations of GSH and TAC. Curcumin ameliorated the oxidative stress induced by these insults by significantly restoring the measured oxidative indices. Our findings provide evidence that curcumin significantly ameliorates oxidative stress induced by both cisplatin and oxaliplatin in HEK cells.     

Increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis

目的:探讨慢性细菌性前列腺炎是否会在患者体内引起氧化应激加剧和氧化损伤及其可能的机理。方法:采用病例对照研究设计,用分光光度分析法检测了随机纳入的70例慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者(CBPP)与70例健康成人志愿者(HAV)的血浆一氧化氮(NO),维生素 C(VC)、维生素 E(VE)和β-胡萝卜素(β-CAR)水平以及红细胞丙二醛(MDA)水平,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性。结果:与 HAV 组相比较,CBPP 组的血浆 NO 和红细胞 MDA 的均值显著增高(P<0.001),血浆 VC、VE 和β-CAR 及红细胞 SOD、CAT 和 GPX 活性均值显著降低(P<0.001)。70例 CBPP 的偏相关分析结果提示,随着病程的延长,NO 和 MDA 值逐渐增高(P<0.001),VC、VE、β-CAR、SOD、CAT 和 GPX 值逐渐降低(P<0.05-0.001)。70例 CBPP 的逐步回归提示其模型为 Y=-13.2077 0.1894MDA 0.0415NO-0.1999GPX,F=18.2047,P<0.001,r=0.6729,P<0.001。结论:本研究结果提示,患者体内存在着由慢性细菌性前列腺炎引起的氧化应激加剧和氧化损伤,且这种现象与患者的病程密切相关。     

The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in rabbits

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is one of the hormones secreted from adrenal glands, and in some studies it has been shown that DHEA has antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the effect of DHEA on I/R-induced oxidative stress in rabbit kidney. Twenty-one rabbits were divided into three groups. Rabbits were subjected to 60 min of left renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion. DHEA (50 mg/kg) (I/R + DHEA group) or equal volume of vehicle (I/R group) was administered 3 h prior to ischemia. The control group received only laparotomy without I/R, DHEA or vehicle. At the end of the reperfusion periods, rabbits were decapitated. Renal tissues were taken for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities as antioxidant enzymes. In the I/R group, while renal SOD and CAT activities were significantly lower, MDA levels were significantly higher than in the I/R + DHEA group and controls. In the I/R + DHEA group, enzyme activities and MDA levels were similar to the controls. There was no significant difference in terms of renal GPX activity among the groups. DHEA may have a beneficial effect on renal tissue against oxidative damage due to I/R by preventing decreases in some antioxidant enzyme activities.     

Early phase of reperfusion of human kidney allograft does not affect an erythrocyte anti-oxidative system

Background: Generation of reactive oxygen specimens is the basic mechanism leading to ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the kidney graft. Oxygen burst is a trigger for sophisticated biochemical changes leading to generation of oxygenated lipids and changes in microcirculation, which recruit recipient’s neutrophils and contribute to delayed graft function. It has been shown that the free radicals generation correlates with the activity of anti‐oxidative system. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) are involved in protection against free radicals. Aim: To examine the activity of erythrocyte anti‐oxidative system during reperfusion of the transplanted kidney allograft. Methods: The study included 40 renal transplant recipients. Blood was taken from the iliac vein before transplantation and from the graft’s renal vein immediately, as well as 2 and 4 min after total reperfusion. The authors assessed the process of reperfusion using ThermaCAM SC500 termovision camera. Spectrophotometric methods were used to measure superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity as well as glutathione concentrations in erythrocytes. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase as well as glutathione concentrations during the first 4 min after total graft reperfusion. Nevertheless, there was a positive correlation between the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Conclusion: The results suggest that the erythrocyte anti‐oxidative system is stable during the early phase after reperfusion. An association between some anti‐oxidative enzymes was noted.     

Time course analysis of hippocampal nerve growth factor and antioxidant enzyme activity following lateral controlled cortical impact brain injury in the rat

Gradual secondary injury processes, including the release of toxic reactive oxygen species, are important components of the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The extent of oxidative stress is determined in part by the effectiveness of the antioxidant response, involving the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Since nerve growth factor (NGF) may be involved in the initiation of antioxidant activity, we employed a controlled cortical impact injury model in rats to produce secondary hippocampal damage and determined the subsequent time course of changes in NGF production and GPx, CAT, and SOD activity in this brain region. Hippocampal NGF production showed a rapid increase with a biphasic response after TBI. NGF protein was increased at 6 h, plateaued at 12 h, declined by 7 days, and exhibited a second rise at 14 days after injury. Similar to NGF, hippocampal GPx activity also showed a biphasic response, increasing by 12 h, declining at 24 h, and exhibiting a second peak at 7 days. In contrast, increased CAT activity occured steadily from 1 day through 7 days after injury. SOD activity was decreased at 6 h after injury, and continued to decline through 14 days. The initial rise in NGF preceded that of CAT, and coincided with an increase in GPX and a drop in SOD activity. These data demonstrate a complex temporal spectrum of antioxidant enzyme activation following secondary brain injury in the hippocampus, and suggest a selective regulatory role for NGF in this response.     

Prevention of reperfusion injury in ischemic-reperfused hearts by oxypurinol and allopurinol

We investigated the effects of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol and its metabolite oxypurinol on isolated rabbit hearts. To assess the potential role of these drugs in preventing reperfusion injury, hearts were perfused using Langendorff techniques, held globally ischemic for 3 h at 15°C, and then reperfused. During perfusion, hearts received Krebs-Henseleit solution maintained at 37°C. Aortic perfusion pressure was held constant at 80 cm H₂O. Prior to ischemia, hearts were arrested with a constant volume of KCl cardioplegia. Using a left ventricular (LV) balloon, developed pressures were measured prior to and following global ischemia. In addition, coronary circulation (CC) was measured before and after ischemia. All hearts were paced at 260 beats/min. We studied four groups: group 1 received 1 mM allopurinol, group 2 received 1 mM oxypurinol, group 3 received 90 IU/ml superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus 8085 IU/ml catalase (CAT), and group 4 received no treatment and served as a control. Each group consisted of 8 animals. Hearts receiving drug treatment did so during the first 5 min of reperfusion. Displaying all data as a function of LV volume, postischemic values were compared to preischemic values. Multivariate analysis and Tukey tests were used to detect significant differences between groups. When compared to the control group, all drug-treated groups significantly recovered end-diastolic function. Peak systolic pressure decreased significantly in the SOD/CAT group as compared to all other groups. LV isovolumetric work decreased significantly more in the SOD/CAT and control groups than in the oxypurinol group. Coronary circulation decreased significantly in the SOD/CAT and control groups as compared to the allopurinol and oxypurinol groups. Our results demonstrate an enhanced recovery of function when oxypurinol and allopurinol are given at the time of reperfusion. Recent evidence has supported the view that rabbit myocardium, as well as human myocardium, lacks xanthine oxidase. The beneficial effects seen with these drugs may therefore be unrelated to the presence of xanthine oxidase.     

Antioxidant enzyme determination and a study of lipid peroxidation in renal transplantation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in renal transplant patients and at the same time to report on the degree of lipid peroxidation observed in these patients. In order to do so we measured erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. These measurements were made at different times: before the transplant, 48 h after the transplant, a week after the transplant and two weeks after the transplant. The values reported were compared with a control group. The results showed that there was a higher MDA level in the transplant group than in the control group one week after the transplant. In addition, two weeks after the transplant, the activities of CAT and SOD were higher in the transplant group than in the control group.     

Superoxide dismutase,catalase, glutathione peroxidase and NADPH oxidase in lead-induced hypertension

BACKGROUND: Earlier studies from this laboratory have revealed the presence of oxidative stress and its role in the pathogenesis of lead-induced hypertension (HTN). We have further shown evidence of increased hydroxyl radical (.OH) and superoxide production in lead-treated rats and cultured endothelial cells. This study was designed to determine whether oxidative stress in animals with lead-induced HTN is associated with dysregulation of the main antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) or increased superoxide producing enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) oxidase [NAD(P)H]. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to lead-exposed and control groups. Animals in the lead-exposed group were provided with drinking water containing 100 ppm lead acetate for 12 weeks. The control group was provided with regular drinking water. At the conclusion of the experiment, immunodetectable Cu Zn SOD, Mn SOD, CAT, GPX and gp91 phox subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase were determined by Western analysis in the kidney, brain and left ventricle of control and lead-exposed rats. Subgroups of the study animals were treated with IV infusion (180 micromol/kg/h) of the superoxide trapping agent, tempol, and arterial pressure and urinary nitric oxide (NO) metabolite (NOx) excretion were determined. RESULTS: Lead exposure for 12 weeks resulted in a marked rise in systolic blood pressure, a significant reduction in urinary NOx excretion, a significant increase in kidney and brain Cu, Zn SOD, a significant increase in brain and insignificant increase in kidney and heart gp91 phox. In contrast, Mn SOD, CAT and GPX in the kidney, brain and left ventricle were unchanged. Incubation with lead acetate did not alter SOD activity in vitro. Infusion of tempol significantly lowered arterial pressure and raised urinary NOx excretion in the lead-exposed group (but had no effect in the control group) pointing to increased superoxide production in the lead-exposed animals. CONCLUSION: Animals with lead-induced hypertension exhibited oxidative stress which was associated with mild up-regulation of superoxide-generating enzyme, NAD(P)H oxidase, with no evidence of quantitative SOD, CAT or GPX deficiencies.     

Total antioxidant capacity of serum and prognostic indices in patients with burn trauma

Burn trauma leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species and compromises the antioxidant systems. The aim of present study was to assess the total antioxidant capacity of plasma (TAC) in burn patients and evaluate its usefulness in clinical practice through analysis of association between TAC and indices of patient prognosis. We investigated TAC in 48 adults and 27 children with severe burn trauma and in 26 healthy controls. TAC was measured on the admission and every week thereafter until discharge or death of patients. The prognosis of the patients was evaluated by the Baux Index and the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI). TAC was significantly decreased in both groups with burn trauma as compared with the controls and the decrease was a long lasting event. Significant indirect negative correlation was found between BSAB and TAC values measured in the later phase of injury. In adults an indirect correlation was found between ABSI and the lowest TAC measured on the 7th day or later. Correlations between TAC values and Baux Index were absent both in adults and in children.     

Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in various rat tissues after carbon tetrachloride intoxication

Background. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between the activity of three different antioxidant enzymes — peroxidase superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase — and carbon tetrachloride-induced injury. Methods. Male Wistar rats weighing 200–250g were used in the experiments. Rats of the experimental groups were given carbon tetrachloride 0.5ml/kg i.p. in olive oil (5mmol/kg body mass) for 1 or 3 days. Control group rats were injected with olive oil only for the same period. Brain, liver, kidney, and heart supernatants were used for measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. Results. No statistically significant changes in SOD and GPX activities were observed in the liver after CCl₄ administration, but catalase activity was significantly increased after 24h and remained at that level during the course of the study. In the brain, SOD and catalase activities decreased after 24h of experiment, but GPX activity statistically significantly increased at all time points studied. Increased activities of SOD, catalase, and GPX were found in heart after CCl₄ intoxication. The CCl₄ injection in our experiment caused a reduction of SOD and catalase activities and increased GPX activity in the kidney. Conclusions. The results suggest that change in antioxidant enzyme activities may be relevant to the ability of the liver and other investigated organs to cope with oxidative stress during CCl₄ poisoning.     

An overview on oxidative stress parameters in emergency service workers

The research is planned in order to analyse the physical and mental activities of ED workers on antioxidant system parameters. Enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT), and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) occurring as product of lipid peroxidation were examined in the blood samples taken prior to and after the shift of emergency department workers. Paired t‐test was used to find out differences between pre‐ and post‐shift values. An increase in MDA (1.77 ± 0.33 versus 2.34 ± 0.79 nmol/mL for pre‐ and post‐shift; p < 0.001) and CAT (1.19 ± 0.77 versus 4.33 ± 1.35 K/mL for pre‐ and post‐shift; p < 0.001) levels, and a decrease in SOD (30.34 ± 8.11 versus 20.35 ± 3.65 U/mg for pre‐ and post‐shift; p < 0.001) and GPX (3.41 ± 0.90 versus 1.37 ± 0.38 U/mL for pre‐ and post‐shift; p < 0.001) levels were found in comparison with the measurement levels of the blood samples. The results were found to be statistically significant. Oxygen free radicals play an important role in some degenerative and mental diseases. Accordingly, physicians and the other emergency department workers should be trained regarding the stress in the conditions they work in. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Manganese superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and catalase gene polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in acute kidney injury

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association of single gene polymorphisms of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and catalase (CAT) with clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Materials and methods Ninety AKI patients and 101 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Determination of MnSOD rs4880, GPX1 rs1050450 and CAT rs769217 polymorphisms was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification. The duration of hospitalization of AKI patients, dialysis and intensive care requirements, sepsis, oliguria and in-hospital mortality rates were assessed. Results The MnSOD, GPX1 and CAT genotypes and allele frequencies of AKI patients did not differ significantly from those of healthy controls. In patients with a T allele in the ninth exon of the CAT gene, intensive care requirements were greater than those of patients with the CC genotype (p?=?0.04). In addition, sepsis and in-hospital mortality were observed significantly more frequently in patients with a T allele in the ninth exon of the CAT gene (p?=?0.03). Logistic regression analysis determined that bearing a T allele was the primary determinant of intensive care requirements and in-hospital mortality, independent of patient age, gender, presence of diabetes and dialysis requirements (OR 6.10, 95% CI 1.34–27.81, p?=?0.02 and OR 10.25, 95% CI 1.13–92.80, p?=?0.04, respectively). Conclusion Among AKI patients in the Turkish population, hospital morbidity and mortality were found to be more frequent in patients bearing a T allele of the rs769217 polymorphism of the CAT gene.     

Beneficial effects of aminoguanidine on radiotherapy‐induced kidney and testis injury

This experimental study was designed to investigate both protective and therapeutic effects of aminoguanidine (AG), on radiotherapy (RT)‐induced oxidative stress in kidney and testis. Forty rats were divided into five groups equally as follows: (i) control, (ii) RT, (iii) AG, (iv) AG+RT and (v) RT+AG group. Histopathological findings and biochemical evaluations, including tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress index (OSI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr) and testosterone levels, were determined. MDA, TOS and OSI were significantly higher in RT‐treated groups, whereas SOD, CAT, GPX and GSH were significantly lower in these groups when compared with the control rats in the kidney and testis tissue. AG treatment significantly decreased MDA, TOS and OSI levels and increased SOD, CAT, GPX and GSH levels, when compared to the RT‐treated groups in both kidney and testis tissue. BUN and Cr levels did not change among the groups, whereas testosterone levels were found as reduced in the RT‐treated rats. AG treatment significantly augmented these hazardous effects of RT on testis tissue. According to our results, AG has beneficial effects against RT‐induced kidney and testis injury.     

兔重度创伤后急性微量元素变化与多器官功能障碍综合征及死亡的关系

目的：探讨严重创伤后微量元素（TE）变化与继发多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）及死亡的关系.方法：建立创伤严重度评分（ISS）为22分的严重创伤家兔模型,观察伤后12 h、36 h、60h、6 d、9 d、14 d、21 d、28 d家兔的内脏形态学改变,同步检测血Zn、Se、Cu、Fe含量及其相关酶和产物GPX、SOD、MPO、MDA含量变化,以及血AST、ALT、Cr、BUN等生化指标含量变化.结果：重伤后血Zn、Fe、Se含量明显下降,持续2～3周.GPx活性明显下降,持续1周;SOD活性伤后1 d下降,之后快速升高;MPO活性1周内升高,之后逐渐降至正常水平;MDA含量第3天开始升高,第6天达高峰.严重创伤组家兔伤后3～6 d死亡率为26%,血生化指标符合MODS,病理学检查符合MOF改变.结论：严重创伤可引发血Se、Fe、Zn等急性TE缺乏及其相关酶活性和代谢产物变化,提示TE可能参与MODS的发生过程.     

抗氧化酶对隐睾生精细胞凋亡的影响

目的 :探讨超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSHPx)对隐睾生精细胞凋亡的影响。　方法 :4 8只未成熟SD雄性大鼠随机分为隐睾组和对照组 ,于术后第 1、3、7d采集睾丸。TUNEL法检测其生精细胞凋亡 ;化学比色法测定其SOD、CAT、GSHPx的活性和丙二醛 (MDA)含量。　结果 :术后第 7d ,与对照组相比 ,隐睾重量、SOD活性、CAT活性和SOD/ (CAT +GSHPx)比值均显著降低 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,GSHPx的活性无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,生精细胞凋亡指数和MDA含量均显著增加 (P均 <0 .0 1)。　结论 :隐睾生精细胞的凋亡与抗氧化酶活性的降低密切相关     

The blood enzymatic antioxidative potential in bronchial asthma patients

This study aims at assessing the ability of asthma patients to defend themselves against the noxious effects of oxidative stress, known being the inflammatory nature of this disorder. As the anti-radical defence ability of the body is reflected by the antioxidative potential of blood and tissues, our study was based on the determination of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and CAT/SOD and GPx/SOD ratios in the blood. Except for SOD, the activity of which was lower in asthma patients by -34.08%, CAT and GPx had values increased by +32.18%, respectively, with a resulting increase of CAT/SOD and GPx/SOD ratios. Our data, demonstrating a change in per-oxidants/antioxidants balance in favour of the first ones, seem to suggest that in the treatment of bronchial asthma the association of some compounds with antioxidants effects would be beneficial.